Marie-Louise Carven (31 August 1909 – 8 June 2015), born Carmen de Tommaso, was a French fashion designer who founded the house of Carven in 1945.[3][4] She was noted for her designs for petite women, her use of lightweight fabrics such as lace and pink gingham, and for being one of the first couturieres to launch a prêt-à-porter line.[5] She was the first Paris designer to patent a push-up bra.[5]
Madame Carven | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Carmen Marie Louise Jeanne de Tommaso 31 August 1909 Châtellerault, France |
| Died | 8 June 2015 (aged 105) Paris, France |
| Nationality | French |
| Label | Carven |
| Spouses |
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| Awards | Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (1978) Legion of Honour (2009)[2] |
Life
editMarie-Louise Carven was born Carmen de Tommaso on 31 August 1909 in Châtellerault, France.[4] However, she strongly disliked her given name, and when she founded her business, she assumed the name by which she is better known.[1] Carven showed an interest in fashion design from a young age by making outfits for her pet cat.[4]
As a young woman, Carven studied architecture and interior decor at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris.[4]
In the 1940s, she employed the Romanian Jew Henry Bricianer in her shop in Paris despite antisemitic Vichy laws.[6] When the police came for Bricanier, she hid him in the building where her shop was, and allowed him to continue his work.[6] As well, she allowed four members of Bricanier's family to live with her own relatives; this enabled them and Henry to survive until the end of World War II.[6]
She had a chateau in Chantilly, where she kept kangaroos and peacocks, and a summer house on the Riviera.[5]
Carven died in Paris on 8 June 2015, aged 105.[7]
Career
editIn 1945, at the age of 36, Carven opened her fashion house on the Champs-Élysées.[8] The name Carven combined Carmen, her given name, with the last name of her aunt Josy Boyriven, who introduced her to couture.[9] The 5'1" Carven focused her line on petite women, "because [she] was too short to wear the creations of the top couturiers, who only ever showed their designs on towering girls."[5]
Carven soon became known as "the smallest of big couturiers."[5] The signature piece from her first collection was a full skirted, green and white striped summer dress.[4] Green and white stripes became the signature of the House of Carven.[9] The material had been found in the attic of a chateau and was likely originally purchased for the summer uniforms of housemaids prior to World War I.[4] Her early clients included Leslie Caron, Martine Carol, Zizi Jeanmaire, and Édith Piaf.[4]
Carven was an inventive marketer. In 1946, she publicized the launch of her first perfume by parachuting hundreds of sample bottles across Paris.[4] In 1950, Carven created a collection inspired by Gone with the Wind to coincide with the film's French release.[5] She toured France with the collection, staging fashion shows at movie theaters.[9]
In 1950, she became one of the first couturiers to develop prêt-à-porter.[3] Her preference for simple materials such as pink gingham and broderie anglaise eased her transition to ready-to-wear.[4]
In 1955, she launched Carven Junior.[5]
Carven was one of the first fashion houses to stage runway shows around the world.[5] The designer's travel inspired her to use diverse materials such as madras, batik, and raffia in her collections.[9] In the 1950s, Carven was one of the first Western designers to use African textiles.[10]
Carven designed uniforms for the 1976 French Olympic team, Parisian traffic wardens, Eurostar staff,[4] and over 20 airlines.[9]
Carven was also the costume designer for eleven films, including Manon (1949), Rendezvous in July (1949), Edward and Caroline (1951), Holiday for Henrietta (1952), and Le Guérisseur (1953).[11] She also worked for the costume and wardrobe department for the film The Red Shoes (1948), and for the episode Gold (1952) of the television series Foreign Intrigue.[11] She worked for the art department for the Perry Mason episode The Case of the Gallant Grafter (1960).[11]
Carven retired at age 84 in 1993.[5][12]
In 2001, she gifted her archives to the Musée Galliera.[9]
Awards
editIn August 2000, Carven was named Righteous Among the Nations by Yad Vashem.[13]
At her hundredth birthday party in 2009, she was made a commander of the Legion of Honor.[12]
References
edit- ^ a b Horwell, Veronica (14 June 2015). "Madame Carven obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- ^ Diderich, Joelle (8 June 2015). "Madame Carven Dies at 105". Women's Wear Daily. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
- ^ a b Friedman, Vanessa (9 June 2015). "Remembering Marie-Louise Carven, a Creator of 'Contemporary' Fashion". New York Times. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Horwell, Veronica (2015-06-14). "Madame Carven obituary". the Guardian. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Staff writer (14 June 2015). "Marie-Louise Carven, fashion supremo - obituary". The Telegraph. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- ^ a b c "The Righteous Among The Nations – Carven FAMILY". Yad Vashem. Retrieved 28 May 2019.
- ^ Yotka, Steff. "Remembering Madame Carven". Style.com. Condé Nast. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- ^ "France's fashion designer for petite women dies aged 105". www.yahoo.com. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f Diderich, Joelle (2015-06-08). "Madame Carven Dies at 105". WWD. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
- ^ Lynch, Annette; Strauss, Mitchell D. (2014-10-30). Ethnic Dress in the United States: A Cultural Encyclopedia. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9780759121508.
- ^ a b c "Carven". IMDb. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
- ^ a b Friedman, Vanessa (9 June 2015). "Marie-Louise Carven, Designer of Accessible Chic, Dies at 105". New York Times. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
- ^ "Marie Louise Carven - The Righteous Among The Nations - Yad Vashem". www.yadvashem.org. Retrieved 1 June 2016.