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Job Cohen

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Marius Job Cohen[a] (born 18 October 1947) is a retired Dutch politician and jurist who served as Mayor of Amsterdam from 2001 to 2010 and Leader of the Labour Party (PvdA) from 2010 to 2012.[1][2][3]

Job Cohen
Cohen in 2010
Member of the House of Representatives
In office
17 June 2010 – 29 February 2012
Leader of the Labour Party
in the House of Representatives
In office
17 June 2010 – 20 February 2012
Preceded byMariëtte Hamer
Succeeded byJeroen Dijsselbloem
Leader of the Labour Party
In office
25 April 2010 – 20 February 2012
Deputy
See list
Preceded byWouter Bos
Succeeded byDiederik Samsom
Mayor of Amsterdam
In office
15 January 2001 – 12 March 2010
Preceded byGuusje ter Horst (ad interim)
Succeeded byLodewijk Asscher (ad interim)
State Secretary for Justice
In office
3 August 1998 – 1 January 2001
Prime MinisterWim Kok
Preceded byElizabeth Schmitz
Succeeded byElla Kalsbeek
Leader of the Labour Party in the Senate
In office
1 August 1996 – 3 August 1998
Preceded byJoop van den Berg [nl]
Succeeded byJohan Stekelenburg
Senator of the Netherlands
In office
13 June 1995 – 3 August 1998
State Secretary for Education and Sciences
In office
2 July 1993 – 22 August 1994
Prime MinisterRuud Lubbers
Preceded byRoel in 't Veld
Succeeded byTineke Netelenbos
Aad Nuis
(Education, Culture and Science)
Personal details
Born
Marius Job Cohen

(1947-10-18) 18 October 1947 (age 77)
Haarlem, Netherlands
Political partyLabour Party (since 1967)
Spouses
Lidie Lodeweges
​
​
(m. 1972; died 2015)​
Anjes van der Linden
​
​
(m. 2016)​
ChildrenJaap Cohen (born 1980)
Lotje Cohen (born 1983)
Parent
RelativesHendrik Cohen [nl] (grand-father)
Floris Cohen (brother)
Alma materUniversity of Groningen
(LL.B., LL.M.)
Leiden University
(PhD)
Occupation

Cohen studied Law at the University of Groningen obtaining a Master of Laws degree. Cohen worked as researcher at the Leiden University before finishing his thesis and graduated as a Doctor of Law in Jurisprudence. Cohen worked as a professor of jurisprudence at the State University of Limburg from September 1983 until June 1993, he also served as Rector Magnificus of the State University of Limburg from January 1991. Cohen was appointed as State Secretary for Education and Sciences in the Cabinet Lubbers III following a cabinet reshuffle taking office on 9 June 1993. In February 1994 Cohen announced that he wouldn't stand for the election of 1994. Cohen continued to be active in politics and after the Senate election of 1995 was elected as a Member of the Senate on 13 June 1995 and served as a frontbencher and spokesperson for Justice, Education and Science. Cohen also returned to State University of Limburg and again worked as professor of Jurisprudence and served as Rector Magnificus from January 1995 until August 1998. Following the resignation of Parliamentary leader Joop van den Berg [nl] Cohen was selected as his successor on 1 August 1996.

After the election of 1998 Cohen was appointed as State Secretary for Justice in the Cabinet Kok II taking office on 3 August 1998. In December 2000 Cohen was nominated as the next Mayor of Amsterdam serving from 15 January 2001 until his resignation on 12 March 2010. Shortly before an upcoming election Labour Leader Wouter Bos unexpectedly announced his retirement and Cohen announced his candidacy and was anonymously selected as his successor on 25 April 2010. For the election of 2010 Cohen served as Lijsttrekker (top candidate) and was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives and became Parliamentary leader on 17 June 2010. In January 2012 Cohen announced his retirement and that he was stepping down as Leader and Parliamentary leader on 20 February 2012 but continued to serve in the House of Representatives as a backbencher until his resignation on 29 February 2012.[4][5]

Cohen retired from active politics at 64 and became active in the public sector as a non-profit director and served on several state commissions [nl] and councils on behalf of the government, and worked as a distinguished professor of Constitutional law and Governmental studies at his alma mater in Leiden from April 2014 until January 2019.[6][7]

Biography

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Family and education

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Marius Job Cohen was born in Haarlem. He is the second child (of two) of Adolf Emile "Dolf" Cohen (1913–2004) and Henriëtte "Hetty" Koster (1913–1996). His elder brother is Floris Cohen (born 1946).[8][9]

His parents both studied history and became high school teachers of history.[8][10] They were secular Jews, and were forced into hiding until the end of World War II.[8] His paternal grandparents Hendrik Cohen and Flora Polak both were murdered in Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in 1945.[11] After the war, his father worked at the Dutch Institute for War Documentation.[12] Later he became a professor of medieval history and a rector magnificus at Leiden University.[13][14] His mother became a member of the city council of Heemstede. His parents were both early members of the Labour Party.[8]

Cohen attended public primary school in Heemstede. He attended the secondary school Stedelijk Gymnasium in Haarlem from 1960 to 1966. He studied Dutch public law at the University of Groningen from 1966 and obtained his Master of Laws degree in 1971. During his student years, he was a member of the student association Vindicat atque Polit.[citation needed]

Cohen married Lidie Lodeweges on 2 July 1972 in Groningen. She studied Dutch language in Groningen and was a high school teacher. She had multiple sclerosis and needed a wheelchair. Cohen and his wife had two children, son Jaap (born 1980) and daughter Lotje (born 1983).[15] Lidie Cohen died on 4 August 2015.[16]

 
Job Cohen and President of Russia Vladimir Putin during a presentation in Amsterdam on 1 November 2005.
 
Job Cohen during the Amsterdam Gay Pride on 2 August 2008.
 
Job Cohen and Mayor of Rotterdam Ahmed Aboutaleb during a meeting in Amsterdam on 3 February 2010.
 
Newly elected Leader of the Labour Party Diederik Samsom and Job Cohen at a party conference in Rotterdam on 21 March 2012.
 
Job Cohen during a presentation at the Museum Catharijneconvent in Utrecht on 6 October 2016.

Academic career

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Between 1 September 1971 and 1 September 1981, Job Cohen held a scientific position at the Bureau Research of Education at Leiden University. He obtained a doctorate (PhD) from this university in June 1981, with a dissertation on the rights of university students.[17]

On 1 September 1981, he joined the State University of Limburg in a higher scientific capacity, and was chairman of the commission that prepared the establishment of a faculty of law. On 1 September 1983, Cohen became professor of methods and techniques at the faculty of law; on 1 January 1991 he also became rector magnificus of the State University of Limburg. He resigned from this position to become State Secretary for Education and Sciences in 1993.[citation needed]

In 1995 he returned to his position in Maastricht as professor and rector magnificus at Maastricht University (the former State University of Limburg). From 1 January 1998, he took a sabbatical year, but he resigned in August 1998 when he became State Secretary for Justice.[citation needed]

Cohen has received two honorary degrees for his contributions to law and society, one in 2007 from the University of Windsor[18] and one in 2008 from the Radboud University Nijmegen.[19]

Political career

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State Secretary for Education and Sciences

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On 2 July 1993, Cohen became State Secretary (deputy minister) for Education and Sciences in the third cabinet of Ruud Lubbers, under education minister Jo Ritzen. In Cohen's portfolio were higher and academic education, science policy, and adult education. The term of this post expired after a year and Cohen returned to his academic post in Maastricht.

Member of the Senate

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From 13 June 1995, Cohen was a member of the Senate of the Netherlands. Between 1 August 1996 until he resigned from the Senate on 3 August 1998, he was also the parliamentary group leader of the Labour Party in the Senate.

During his period in the Senate, he also worked for the Maastricht University, where he began a sabbatical year on 1 January 1998. In February 1998 however, he took on the function of interim-director of the broadcasting organization VPRO, lasting until 15 August.

State Secretary for Justice

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On 3 August 1998, he resigned from the Senate to take up the position of State Secretary for Justice in the second cabinet of Wim Kok, dealing chiefly with immigration. In this capacity he was responsible for a new immigration law, intended to restrict entry of refugees to "genuine cases".

Mayor of Amsterdam

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He resigned his position as State Secretary on 31 December 2000 in order to take up the position of Mayor of Amsterdam (burgemeester) on 15 January 2001. Mayors of Dutch cities are appointed by the cabinet in the name of the monarch.[20]

At midnight on 1 April 2001, Cohen became the first public official to wed same-sex couples, following the passing of legislation opening up marriage to people of the same gender (see same-sex marriage in the Netherlands).[21]

On 2 February 2002, Job Cohen performed the civil marriage of Prince Willem-Alexander and Máxima Zorreguieta in the Beurs van Berlage in Amsterdam.[22]

In November 2004, controversial film maker Theo van Gogh was killed in Amsterdam by a Muslim extremist. Time awarded Cohen the title "European Hero" in 2005, for his inclusive approach towards the Muslim community after the murder, defusing tension in the city.[23]

Cohen found himself thrown into the role of mediator between the city's Muslims, the original Dutch population and other groups in the cultural and racial mix. Almost half Amsterdam's residents are of non-Western descent, a majority of them Muslims."Islam is here to stay, in this country, in this city (...) We have to deal with Islam as a fact, not whether we like it. So the real question is how to get on with each other." Cohen took pride in the fact that in Amsterdam no violence or arson occurred in response to the killing.[24] By his visiting ethnic groups, organizing debates among religious leaders and his listening and promoting dialogue, he received from opponents the mocking nickname of "tea drinker" – an image that would be exploited by them when he returned in the Dutch national politics in 2010.[25]

On 27 January 2006, Cohen announced he would be willing to serve a second term as mayor of Amsterdam. On 12 July 2006, the municipality of Amsterdam almost unanimously (Democrats 66 opposed, being in favour of an elected mayor) supported Cohen to prolong his career as a mayor after 15 January 2007 when his first term ended.

Cohen's politics towards ethnic minorities in Amsterdam was characterized by the slogan "keeping things together" (de boel bij elkaar houden). On 2 May 2006, Immigration Minister Rita Verdonk of the centre-right VVD accused Amsterdam of becoming a "banana republic" with a lax safety policy; she cited the criminal liquidations and the disturbance caused by young people as examples of this. However, in the yearly crime meter of the Algemeen Dagblad Amsterdam did not perform particularly badly in safety policy and crime fighting. One of the reasons for this was Cohen's targeted approach towards those who commit multiple crimes (veelplegers). Cohen stated that his policy which combines soft and hard approaches, fighting crime and fighting the causes of crime, was the key to his successful safety policy.

In 2006 Cohen was the runner-up in the award for World Mayor of 2006, behind Melbourne mayor John So, and ahead of Harrisburg mayor Stephen R. Reed. World Mayor praised Cohen's leadership following the murder of Theo van Gogh in 2004, and his efforts at bringing together the diverse population of Amsterdam.[26][27]

In late 2007, Cohen moved to reduce prostitution in Amsterdam, following allegations that Hells Angels and other organized criminals had taken over the prostitution industry. The city council bought 18 buildings in the red light district De Wallen from Charlie Geerts in order to convert them into upscale establishments and revoked the license of the luxury brothel Yab Yum.[28][29]

Leader of the Labour Party

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On 12 March 2010, Wouter Bos resigned as leader of the Labour Party. Bos named Cohen as candidate for the position, which he accepted. At the subsequent elections, Cohen was a candidate for Prime Minister. He was expected to be a strong opponent to Geert Wilders and was described in the press as "authoritarian but enlightened."[30] Exit polls showed the Labour Party as the second largest with 30 seats and 19.6% of the total vote.[31] Eventually his opponent Mark Rutte of the VVD became the Prime Minister of the Netherlands.

He has been chair of the Labour Party in the House of Representatives since 10 June 2010 and a member of the House of Representatives since 17 June 2010.

On 20 February 2012, he resigned as leader of the Labour Party, he also left the House of Representatives over criticisms that he had been too moderate towards the center-right Dutch government's planned economic austerity measures and the Dutch government's support for the EU Commission's plan to bail out Greece, which had been passed with the support of the Dutch Labour Party. At the time of his resignation, the Dutch Socialist Party, politically to the left of the Dutch Labour Party, had overtaken the Dutch Labour Party in a number of opinion polls.

Later life

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Cohen and his wife moved to Maarssen around 2016. In his retirement, he served as chair of the supervisory board of NVVE, a Dutch right to die association, and he has been a guest speaker about World War II at schools.[32]

Honors and awards

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Works

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Books (as author)
  • Studierechten in het wetenschappelijk onderwijs (1981), dissertation[42]
  • Wandeling door een historisch besluit (2003)[43]
  • Binden (2009), collection of speeches and lectures[44]
Audio books (as narrator)
  • Het grijze kind (2007), novel written by Theo Thijssen[45]
  • De Uitvreter (2008), novella written by Nescio[45]
  • Lijmen/Het Been (2009), two novellas written by Willem Elsschot[45]
  • Kaas (2009), novella written by Willem Elsschot[45]
  • Titaantjes (2010), novella written by Nescio[45]
  • Max Havelaar (2010), novel written by Multatuli[45]
  • Reizen zonder John (2012), non-fiction written by Geert Mak[46]
  • Het dwaallicht (2013), novella written by Willem Elsschot[47]
  • De eeuw van mijn vader (2013), non-fiction written by Geert Mak[48]
  • De levens van Jan Six (2016), non-fiction written by Geert Mak[49]

Decorations

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Honours
Ribbon bar Honour Country Date Comment
  Knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion Netherlands 8 October 1994
  Knight of the Order of Orange-Nassau Netherlands 30 April 2003
  Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour France 21 March 2006
  Recipient Second Class of the Cross of Recognition Latvia 23 October 2008 [50][51]

Notes

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  1. ^ The phrase Marius Job Cohen is pronounced [ˈmaːrijə ˈɕɔp koːˈɦɛn]. Marius and Job in isolation are pronounced [ˈmaːrijəs] and [jɔp].

References

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  1. ^ (in Dutch) Job Cohen: echte held of slapjanus?, Algemeen Dagblad, 4 October 2005.
  2. ^ (in Dutch) Cohen stopt bemiddeling Westermoskee, Algemeen Dagblad, 12 April 2007.
  3. ^ (in Dutch) Job Cohen wil liever thee drinken dan azijn pissen, Limburger.nl, 20 February 2016.
  4. ^ (in Dutch) Job Cohen: 'Mensen vonden mij veel te soft', Het Parool, 26 October 2014.
  5. ^ (in Dutch) Job Cohen over de complexiteit van de vluchtelingenopvang, Sleutelstad.nl, 15 January 2016.
  6. ^ (in Dutch) Job Cohen in bestuur Bibliotheek Amsterdam, Nu.nl, 9 January 2013
  7. ^ (in Dutch) Job Cohen benoemd tot bijzonder hoogleraar Universiteit Leiden, NRC Handelsblad, 26 March 2014.
  8. ^ a b c d (in Dutch) Joodsch Lyceum en huwelijk Archived 19 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Leiden University. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  9. ^ (in Dutch) Heemsteedse herinneringen aan Job Cohen (deel 1). De Heemsteder. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  10. ^ (in Dutch) Studie geschiedenis te Leiden Archived 19 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Leiden University. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  11. ^ (in Dutch) Jeugdjaren in Rotterdam Archived 19 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Leiden University. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  12. ^ (in Dutch) Altijd en nooit echt geweest Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Leiden University. Retrieved 20 December 2010.
  13. ^ (in Dutch) Hoogleraar middeleeuwse geschiedenis te Leiden Archived 19 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Leiden University. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  14. ^ (in Dutch) Rector magnificus I: het waarnemen van de verandering Archived 19 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Leiden University. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  15. ^ (in Dutch) Goos gaat... (Lidie Cohen) Archived 24 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Esta. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  16. ^ (in Dutch) Mirjam Remie, "Lidie Cohen op 67-jarige leeftijd overleden", NRC Handelsblad, 2015. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
  17. ^ (in Dutch) M.J. Cohen, Studierechten in het wetenschappelijk onderwijs Archived 18 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine (review of the dissertation). Jan Tom Bos & Marc Groenhuijsen. Retrieved 20 December 2010.
  18. ^ 87th Convocation Webcast Archived 6 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. University of Windsor. Retrieved 20 December 2010.
  19. ^ (in Dutch) Eredoctoraat voor dr. M.J. Cohen. Radboud University Nijmegen. Retrieved 20 December 2010.
  20. ^ Profile: Mayor Job Cohen Archived 19 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  21. ^ "Going Dutch". The Guardian. 2 April 2001. Retrieved 21 December 2007.
  22. ^ Marriage and family Archived 12 January 2011 at the Wayback Machine. The Dutch Royal House. Retrieved 1 September 2010.
  23. ^ Abi Daruvalla (8 October 2005). "Job Cohen – Key to the city". Time. Archived from the original on 10 December 2005. Retrieved 12 December 2006.
  24. ^ "In Amsterdam, mayor is a job for a mediator"
  25. ^ "New Labour leader Cohen: hard man, soft touch"
  26. ^ "Amsterdam closes a window on its red-light tourist trade" by Anushka Asthana, The Observer, 23 September 2007.
  27. ^ "John So, Lord Mayor of Melbourne wins the 2006 World Mayor Award". worldmayor.com. 5 December 2006.
  28. ^ Amsterdam mayor to clean up red light district Archived 23 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Pink News, 8 January 2008
  29. ^ "Pimping ban in Amsterdam?" Archived 26 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine by Eric Hesen, Radio Netherlands Worldwide (website), 21 September 2007.
  30. ^ "Cohen: authoritarian but enlightened"
  31. ^ (in Dutch) Bijna alle stemmen geteld, NOS, 10 June 2010
  32. ^ Cohen, Job (19 April 2024). "Job Cohen: Vrijheid is als zuurstof, je merkt pas hoe bijzonder het is als het verdwijnt" [Job Cohen: Freedom is like oxygen, you only notice how special it is once it disappears]. Trouw (Interview) (in Dutch). Interviewed by Tim van der Pal and Bart Zuidervaart. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  33. ^ "Key to the city." Time Magazine. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
  34. ^ (in Dutch) "Beste burgemeester van de afgelopen 25 jaar: Job Cohen". Trouw. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
  35. ^ Citizenship Award Archived 23 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Foundation P&V. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
  36. ^ Job Cohen to Receive Honorary Degree at Law Convocation Archived 19 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. University of Windsor. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
  37. ^ (in Dutch) Job Cohen is de 25ste Reclameman van het Jaar Archived 24 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
  38. ^ (in Dutch) Eredoctoraten van de Radboud Universiteit. Radboud University. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
  39. ^ (in Dutch) Eredoctoraat voor dr. M.J. Cohen. Radboud University. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
  40. ^ (in Dutch) "Cohen wint eerste Martin Luther King Award". Trouw. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
  41. ^ (in Dutch) "Cohen ontvangt medaille bij afscheid van Amsterdam". Trouw. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
  42. ^ Studierechten in het wetenschappelijk onderwijs Archived 24 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine (in Dutch), Leiden University. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
  43. ^ Wandeling door een historisch besluit[permanent dead link‍] (in Dutch), National Library of the Netherlands. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  44. ^ Binden (in Dutch), Uitgeverij Prometheus. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
  45. ^ a b c d e f Luisterboeken voorgelezen door Job Cohen Archived 24 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine (in Dutch), Uitgeverij Rubinstein. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
  46. ^ Reizen zonder John Archived 16 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine (in Dutch), Uitgeverij Rubinstein. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  47. ^ Het dwaallicht Archived 16 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine (in Dutch), Uitgeverij Rubinstein. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  48. ^ De eeuw van mijn vader Archived 16 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine (in Dutch), Uitgeverij Rubinstein. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  49. ^ De levens van Jan Six Archived 16 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine (in Dutch), Uitgeverij Rubinstein. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  50. ^ (in Dutch) "Cohen krijgt onderscheiding van Letland". de Volkskrant. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
  51. ^ (in Latvian) Ordenu kapituls pieškiris 151 valsts apbalvojumu par godu Latvijas Republikas 90. gadskartai Archived 22 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Latvijas Reitingi. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
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Official
Party political offices
Preceded by
Joop van den Berg
 Parliamentary leader of the
Labour Party in the Senate
1996–1998 		Succeeded by
Johan Stekelenburg
Preceded by Leader of the Labour Party
2010–2012 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Lijsttrekker of the
Labour Party
2010 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Parliamentary leader of the
Labour Party in the
House of Representatives
2010–2012 		Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by State Secretary for
Education and Sciences
1993–1994 		Succeeded by
Tineke Netelenbos
as State Secretary for Education,
Culture and Science
Succeeded by
Aad Nuis
as State Secretary for Education,
Culture and Science
Preceded by State Secretary for Justice
1998–2001 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Guusje ter Horst
Ad interim
 Mayor of Amsterdam
2001–2010 		Succeeded by
Business positions
Preceded by
Iris van Bennekom
 Chairman of the
Social Welfare and Unemployment
providers association
2013–present 		Incumbent
Preceded by Chairman of the
Copyright and Patent association
2013–2019 		Succeeded by
Non-profit organization positions
Preceded by
Unknown
 Chairman of the
Supervisory board of the
Dutch Voluntary
Euthanasia association
2018–present 		Incumbent
Academic offices
Preceded by
Vic Bonke
 Rector Magnificus of the
State University of Limburg
1991–1993
1995–1998 		Succeeded by
Hans Philipsen
Preceded by
Hans Philipsen
 Succeeded by
Arie Nieuwenhuijzen Kruseman
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