Mary Balch's School, also known as the Polly Balch School or just the Balch School, was an 18th-century private, all-girls school in Providence, Rhode Island. It is most known for its students' style of needlepoint samplers. The school was started together by mother and daughter, Sarah and Mary Balch.
| Mary Balch's School | |
|---|---|
| Location | |
22 George Street, Providence, Rhode Island (Defunct and demolished) United States | |
| Information | |
| Type | Private school |
| Founders | Sarah Balch, Mary Balch |
| Gender | Girls |
| Enrollment | 113 (1821) |
Mary Balch
editMary "Polly" Balch was born in Newport, Rhode Island, in 1762. She was the second child of Timothy Balch, a tailor, and Sarah Rogers Balch.[1][2][3] At the start of the British occupation of Newport in 1776 during the American Revolution, Balch and her family moved from Newport to Providence, Rhode Island. Within a year, her father died, leaving her mother with four children. Balch likely began teaching in 1782 to help support the family.[2]
History
editSometime before 1785, Mary and Sarah Balch opened a school together in Providence using their knowledge on needlepoint samplers from their hometown of Newport.[3] The earliest sampler traced back to the school is dated from March, 1785.[2] Eventually, Mary Balch took over operation of the school from her mother.
On August 10, 1801, Mary Balch expanded the school by opening a boarding school on George Street. The new curriculum included subjects outside of needlework, included writing, music, and dancing.[2] In 1821, 113 students were enrolled, making the Balch School the highest-attended private school in Providence.[2]
Mary Balch continued to work at the school until her death.[4] She died on January 3, 1831, at the age 69. Her tombstone mentions that she was the "1st to establish a female Academy in Providence." After her death, the school was run by one of Balch's previous assistants, Miss Walker.[1]
Style of embroidery work
editSometimes considered "playful", the Balch style of embroidery often included figures in elegant clothes and naturalistic florals in borders or on arches. Betty Ring named the Balch's style of work the "frolicking people" style, which can be contrasted with the more formal English style used by other instructors from Newport around the same time.[5] One common motif from the school is a depiction of a pseudo-classical arch[1] along with multiple figures.[4]
Many of the samplers included a public building as a focal point.[6] This style of using real buildings as a focal point in samplers was thought to have originated at the school.[5] Balch's students depicted buildings in Providence, including churches and statehouses.[7]
One of the most popular sayings included in the school's works was "Let Virtue be a Guide to thee."[6] Mourning embroideries done on silk were also completed at the school.[5] A feature of Balch's style of mourning embroideries included using stitching instead of ink for the details on memorial monuments.[8]
Legacy
editThe original school building is now demolished.[9]
Samplers created at the school were the first in the United States to be recognized as having a distinctive embroidery style coming from a specific school. Balch herself became one of the most well-known teachers of needlework from the 18th century.[2] According to Joseph K. Ott, in modern times, the Balch School "produced the highest number of embroideries that can be attributed to a single source."[6]
Samplers from the school have been sold for over $100,000 at auctions.[9] In 1987, a sampler from the Balch School was sold for $192,500; the sampler was created by 11-year-old Eliza Waterman in 1788.[10]
References
edit- ^ a b c Bolton, Ethel Stanwood; Coe, Eva Johnston (1921). American Samplers. The Massachusetts Society of the Colonial Dames of America. p. 368.
- ^ a b c d e f "Sampler (Pictorial sampler)". Winterthur Museum, Garden & Library. 17 September 2014. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
- ^ a b Silbert, Kate (June 2019). "Needle, Pen, and the Social Geography of Taste in Early National Providence". The New England Quarterly. 92 (2): 198. doi:10.1162/tneq_a_00733.
- ^ a b Johnson, Jennifer (22 November 2016). "Stitching Architecture". Cooper Hewitt. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
- ^ a b c Barry, Ann (19 August 1984). "Antiques View; Crème de la Crème Samplers". The New York Times. p. 20. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
- ^ a b c Ott, Joseph K. (27 October 1977). "Antiques". The Ridgewood News. p. 40. Retrieved 1 September 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Sowers, Leslie (27 March 1994). "Tracing Threads of History: Betty Ring's painstaking research on a forgotten craft was like looking for needlework in a haystack". Houston Chronicle. ProQuest 295925168. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
- ^ Goggin, Maureen Daly; Tobin, Beth Fowkes (2013). Women and the Material Culture of Death. PHP研究所. pp. 82–84. ISBN 978-1-4094-4416-9. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
- ^ a b Brown, Marisa. "Mary Balch's School (Demolished)". Rhode Tour. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
- ^ Rau, Elizabeth (March 20, 1987). "Providence sampler fetches $192,500". Providence Journal. p. C-05. ProQuest 396616166. Retrieved 16 November 2020.