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Masonic Hall (Manhattan)

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Masonic Hall in New York City is the headquarters of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of the State of New York. It has been located at 23rd Street and 6th Avenue in the Flatiron district[1] since 1875. The current building, completed in two phases, dates from 1909 and 1913.

The first Masonic Hall was a Gothic style building located in lower Manhattan, constructed in 1826. The second Masonic Hall was built in 1875 and designed by Napoleon LeBrun and constructed in the Second French Empire Style. The current building was constructed in 1911 to replace the previous Masonic Hall located on the same site.

History

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First Masonic Hall (1826-1856) located on Broadway between Reade and Pearl Streets, today the location of the Jacob K. Javits Federal Building.

First Masonic Hall (1826-1856)

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Early masonic meetings and meetings of the Grand Lodge of New York were likely held at taverns as well as an early iteration of Tammany Hall. On June 24, 1826, St. John's Day, the cornerstone was laid for a Gothic style Masonic Hall on Broadway in lower Manhattan between Reade and Pearl Streets, directly across from the original site of the New York Hospital, and today the location of the Jacob K. Javits Federal Building.[2] The original cost of the building was $50,000 or approximately $1.5 million today. The main hall was designed to imitate the chapel of Henry VII at Westminister Abbey.[3] In addition, the building would hold, what was at the time, the largest bowling alley in the world.[4] This would serve as the home of the Grand Lodge until the building was demolished in 1856.[5]

Temporary quarters (1856-1875)

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After the demolition of the first Masonic Hall, Masonic lodges in Manhattan meet in other smaller Masonic lodge halls throughout Manhattan and in various rented spaces. The grand lodge sessions of 1870, for example, met at Apollo Hall[6][7] on Clinton Street,[8] while St. John's Lodge met at Odd Fellows Hall on Grand Street in SoHo.[9]

One of these smaller Masonic lodge halls, at 115 East 13th Street, would be the site of the first meeting of the Shriners on September 26, 1872.[10] In addition to the Masons, the Order of the True Fenians met at this location.[11]

Second Masonic Hall (1875-1911)

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Second Masonic Hall (1875-1911) Photo taken from 23rd Street

Due to infighting in the Grand Lodge, the Panic of 1857, and the American Civil War, it would not be until the mid-1870s that the Grand Lodge would again have a permanent meeting location. On June 8, 1870,[12] the cornerstone was laid for a new Second French Empire Style building which served as the headquarters of the Grand Lodge from 1875 to 1909. This building was designed by Napoleon LeBrun and due to the Panic of 1873 would take four years to complete, at the staggering cost of $1.279 million.[13] Construction was completed in late 1874, with the formal dedicated on June 2, 1875.[14][15]

Although intended to generate financial profit for the Grand Lodge, the building "did not meet financial expectations."[16] In fact, by 1905, some 30 years later, the building had only returned approximately 2 percent of the initial investment. In addition, by the turn of the 20th Century, the Second Empire style was already considered outdated and coupled with rising New York City real estate prices, the building was replaced with the current and more modern skyscraper.

Third Masonic Hall (1909-Present)

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Masonic Hall from 24th Street

The current Grand Lodge building opened in 1909,[16] on the same block, but slightly north of the 1875 building. St. John's Lodge held the first meeting in the new building on September 8, 1909, using the George Washington Bible and presenting a Master Mason degree that evening.[17]

At the time, the building caused some controversy, and Past Grand Master James Ten Eyck resigned as a trustee of the Masonic Hall and Asylum Fund in an effort to convince the then sitting Grand Master Townsend Scudder that the construction of the new building would be unwise.[18]

This building was designed by Harry P. Knowles, one of the architects of the New York City Center.[19] It actually consists of two interconnected buildings, one whose construction began in 1907 facing 24th Street, and the other, completed in 1913, on the corner of 23rd Street and 6th Avenue.

The construction proceeded in two phases. First the 24th Street building was built. When it opened in 1909, the older 1875 Masonic Hall was demolished and replaced by the current office building on 23rd Street that opened in 1913.[20] The 23rd Street building is the larger of the two and is primarily a commercial office building, with rents generating funds for the Grand Lodge's charitable activities and the upkeep of the 24th Street building. The 24th Street building is approximately one-half as large,[16] and consists primarily of lodge meeting rooms, including the 1200-seat Grand Lodge Room, all elaborately ornamented. The lodge rooms are decorated and named after a variety of architectural styles including Corinthian, Doric, Egyptian, Gothic, Ionic, Jacobean, and Renaissance.[21]

The Hall's interior was restored and underwent a $15 million renovation[16] from 1986 to 1996 by Felix Chavez and his company Fine Art Decorating.[22][23]

The Livingston Library is housed on the 14th floor of the building and is one of relatively few large libraries of Freemasonry books and materials. It is named after Chancellor Robert R. Livingston (1746-1813), one of the earliest Grand Masters of the Grand Lodge of New York.

 
The Grand Lodge Room in the Masonic Hall
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Due to its acoustical properties, tracking for Joe Jackson's 1984 album Body and Soul was completed in the building's Grand Lodge Room.

In 2017, comedian Jerrod Carmichael's second stand-up comedy special, 8, directed by Bo Burnham, was also filmed in the Grand Lodge Room.[24]

Other Masonic buildings in Manhattan

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Today, Masonic Hall, where all Grand Lodge of New York lodges in Manhattan meet, and the Prince Hall Masonic Temple located at 155th Street,[25] are the only buildings in Manhattan used for Masonic purposes. However, this was not always the case and is likely a consequence of the high property taxes in New York City.

One former Masonic lodge building at 15th Street, home to a number of German-speaking Masonic lodges, is now in use by Friend's Seminary.[26] New York City Center, was built for the Mecca Shriners, and served as their home from 1924 to 1940, when it was sold.

There was also a Scottish Rite Temple on the site of today's James New York - Nomad from 1887 to 1901.

References

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  1. ^ Olito, Frank. "A nondescript New York City building hides a secretive Freemason meeting space, complete with fake windows and elaborate architecture. Take a look inside". Business Insider. Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  2. ^ "Visualizing 19th-Century New York". visualizingnyc.org. Retrieved 2022-12-24.
  3. ^ "NEW-YORK CITY.; Gothic Hall. The American Bible Society. K. N.'s Mellowing. What is the Row at the Eastern Dispensary? Politics. Soft Soap Repudiated. Correction. Fires". The New York Times. Retrieved 2023-10-07.
  4. ^ "NEW-YORK CITY.; Gothic Hall. The American Bible Society. K. N.'s Mellowing. What is the Row at the Eastern Dispensary? Politics. Soft Soap Repudiated. Correction. Fires". The New York Times. Retrieved 2023-10-07.
  5. ^ "Grand Lodge of New York's Gothic Hall – Chancellor Robert R Livingston Masonic Library". 3 March 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-24.
  6. ^ "Apollo Theatre". www.wikidata.org. Retrieved 2024-08-09.
  7. ^ "Apollo Theatre in New York, NY - Cinema Treasures". cinematreasures.org. Retrieved 2024-08-09.
  8. ^ "THE MASONIC FRATERNITY.; Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge. THE GRAND MASTER'S ADDRESS. Brilliant Display of Knights Templar. RECEPTION OF VISITING LODGES. Complete Programme of the Ceremonies Today. Grand Parade of Knights Templar. Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge. The Procession of Today--Formation of the Line and Order of March. The Ceremonics at the Laying of the Corner-Stone". The New York Times. Retrieved 2023-10-07.
  9. ^ Celebration of the Centennial Anniversary of St. Johns' Lodge No. 1, A.Y.M., at the Grand Lodge Room, Odd Fellows' Hall, Corner Grand and Centre Streets: On Monday Evening, December 7th, 1857. 1857.
  10. ^ "Temple History". Salaam Shriners. Retrieved 2023-10-07.
  11. ^ "THE FENIANS.; twenty-five Delegates to the Congress in Solemn Convocation--The Struggle for the Funds recommenced in the Courts. Fenian Funds in the Courts". The New York Times. Retrieved 2023-10-07.
  12. ^ "THE MASONIC FRATERNITY.; Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge. THE GRAND MASTER'S ADDRESS. Brilliant Display of Knights Templar. RECEPTION OF VISITING LODGES. Complete Programme of the Ceremonies Today. Grand Parade of Knights Templar. Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge. The Procession of Today--Formation of the Line and Order of March. The Ceremonics at the Laying of the Corner-Stone". The New York Times. Retrieved 2023-10-07.
  13. ^ Miller, Tom (2012-10-08). "Daytonian in Manhattan: The Lost 1875 Masonic Temple -- 23rd Street at 6th Avenue". Daytonian in Manhattan. Retrieved 2023-08-08.
  14. ^ "THE NEW MASONIC HALL". The New York Times. Retrieved 2023-10-07.
  15. ^ "THE MASONIC DEDICATION.; SKETCH OF THE DISPLAY TO-DAY". The New York Times. Retrieved 2023-10-07.
  16. ^ a b c d Holusha, John (1996-12-22). "A Secret Society Is Publicly Proud of Its Restoration". The New York Times. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
  17. ^ "CITY MASONIC UNIT NOTES 200TH YEAR; St. John's, State's Oldest Lodge, Holds Rites Today". The New York Times. December 1, 1957. Retrieved 2023-12-02.
  18. ^ "MASONIC TEMPLE TANGLE.; James Ten Eyck Resigns as Trustee -- Thinks Building Untimely". The New York Times. Retrieved 2023-05-18.
  19. ^ "The Collection of Harry P. Knowles: the great Masonic architect", New York Masonic Library. Accessed May 13. 2024.
  20. ^ "MASON HERE TO-MORROW.; The State Grand Lodge's 128th Annual Convention". The New York Times. Retrieved 2023-10-07.
  21. ^ "Venues - Masonic Hall NYC". www.masonichallnyc.org. Retrieved 2024-01-27.
  22. ^ Mendelsohn, Joyce (1998), Touring the Flatiron: Walks in Four Historic Neighborhoods, New York: New York Landmarks Conservancy, ISBN 0-964-7061-2-1, OCLC 40227695, pp. 82-83
  23. ^ Dunlap, David W. (December 14, 1996). "No, It's Not the Handshakes, But a Gilded Hall, Grand and Gleaming". The New York Times. Retrieved 2023-12-02.
  24. ^ "Jerrod Carmichael & Bo Burnham's Friendship Made 2017's Best Special". UPROXX. 2017-03-10. Retrieved 2023-10-07.
  25. ^ "Prince Hall Masonic Temple - New York City". www.nycago.org. Retrieved 2022-12-24.
  26. ^ Miller, Tom (2022-06-15). "Daytonian in Manhattan: The German Masonic Temple (Friends Seminary) - 220 East 15th Street". Daytonian in Manhattan. Retrieved 2023-10-06.
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