Matvei Petrovich Bronstein (Russian: Матве́й Петро́вич Бронште́йн, December 2 [O.S. November 19] 1906 – February 18, 1938) was a Soviet theoretical physicist, a pioneer of quantum gravity,[1] author of works in astrophysics, semiconductors, quantum electrodynamics and cosmology, as well as of a number of books in popular science for children. He was married to Lydia Chukovskaya, a writer and human rights activist.
Matvei Bronstein | |
|---|---|
Матвей Бронштейн | |
 | |
| Born | Matvei Petrovich Bronstein 29 November 1906 |
| Died | 18 February 1938 (aged 31) |
| Nationality | Soviet |
| Known for | Quantum gravity cGh physics |
| Spouse | Lydia Chukovskaya |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Physics |
Career and personal life
editBronstein introduced the cGh scheme for classifying physical theories, with the aim of unifying special relativity (denoted by its constant c (the speed of light), gravitation (denoted by the gravitational constant G), and quantum mechanics (denoted by the Planck constant h).[2]
In August 1937, while he was living in his apartment at 38 Rubinstein Street, St. Petersburg, Bronstein was arrested after having had his legs broken by his captors as part of the Great Purge. He was convicted by a list trial in February 1938 and, following the breaking of his legs by his captors, executed the same day in a Leningrad prison. His wife was told that he had been sentenced to 10 years of labor camps without the right of correspondence.
Bronstein's books for children "Solar Matter" (Солнечное вещество), "X Rays" (Лучи X), "Inventors of Radio" (Изобретатели радио) were republished after his reputation had been rehabilitated posthumously on 9 May 1957. In 1990, his wife had a monument erected in the Levashovo Memorial Cemetery where he was thought to have been buried.
The Bronstein Prize in Loop Quantum Gravity is offered to post-doctoral scholars in the field,[3] the inaugural winner of which was Eugenio Bianchi in 2013.
Solar Matter
editSamuil Marshak, a children's writer and editor, scouted Bronstein to write a popular science book for teenagers. Bronstein chose to describe spectral analysis, but it took many attempts as well as Marshak's advice to determine the best plot in which the story could relate to the history of helium.
This essay, Solar Matter (Солнечное вещество), was first published in the Koster magazine in 1934 and then in book form in April 1936,.[4] whereupon Bronstein made an inscription on a copy to Lydia Chukovskaya, his copy editor, “To my dear Lida, without whom I would have never been able to write this book.” Later, Chukovskaya wrote that the history of helium had become intertwined in her and Bronstein's life, “The work on the book brought us closer. In fact, the book got us married."[5]
References
edit- ^ Bronstein, Matvei (2011). "Republication of: Quantum theory of weak gravitational fields". General Relativity and Gravitation. 44 (1): 267–283. Bibcode:2012GReGr..44..267B. doi:10.1007/s10714-011-1285-4. S2CID 122107821.
- ^ Bronstein, M. P. "K voprosu o vozmozhnoy teorii mira kak tselogo" ("On the Question of a Possible Theory of the World as a Whole"), in Uspekhiastronomitcheskihnauk. Sbornik, No. 3 (Moscow: ONTI, 1933) p. 3–30, as quoted and translated in Gorelik (2005) loc. cit.
- ^ "Bronstein Prize". bronsteinprize.org. Retrieved 2017-05-06.
- ^ Горелик Г. Е., Френкель В. Я. (1990). Матвей Петрович Бронштейн: 1906—1938 (PDF). Moscow: Наука. pp. 210–218.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Солнечное вещество". January 1989.
Further reading
edit- Gorelik Gennady, Frenkel, Victor, Матвей Петрович Бронштейн, Moscow, Nauka, 1990
- Gorelik Gennady, Frenkel, Victor, Matvei Petrovich Bronstein and Soviet Theoretical Physics in the Thirties, Birkhäuser Verlag, 1994
- Gorelik Gennady, 'Meine antisowjetische Taetigkeit...' Russische Physiker unter Stalin. Vieweg, 1995
- Gorelik Gennady, Матвей Бронштейн и квантовая гравитация. К 70-летию нерешенной проблемы, Успехи физических наук 2005, No. 10
- Gorelik, Gennadiĭ E (2005-10-31). "Matvei Bronstein and quantum gravity: 70th anniversary of the unsolved problem". Physics-Uspekhi. 48 (10): 1039–1053. doi:10.1070/PU2005v048n10ABEH005820. ISSN 1063-7869. S2CID 250754131. Retrieved 2022-01-10.
- "Solar Matter" (Solnechnoye veshestvo) chapter in the book “прочерк" (Procherk) by Lidya Chukovskaya, Vremya Время
External links
edit- Solar Matter, English translation (2020) by Maggie Kornell