Thalictrum ( /θəˈlɪktrəm/) is a genus of 120-200 species of herbaceous perennial flowering plants in the buttercup family, Ranunculaceae, native mostly to temperate regions.[1] Meadow-rue is a common name for plants in this genus.[2]
| Thalictrum | |
|---|---|
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| Thalictrum flavum | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Ranunculales |
| Family: | Ranunculaceae |
| Subfamily: | Thalictroideae |
| Genus: | Thalictrum Tourn. ex L. |
| Species | |
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See text | |
Thalictrum is a taxonomically difficult genus with poorly understood species boundaries; it is in need of further taxonomic and field research for clarification.
Despite their common name of "meadow-rue", Thalictrum species are not closely related to the true rue (family Rutaceae), but resemble its members in having compound leaves twice or thrice divided.[3]: 120
Description
editMeadow-rue leaves are alternate, bipinnately compound, and commonly glaucous blue-green in colour.[citation needed]
The flowers are small and apetalous (no petals), but have numerous long stamens, often brightly white, yellow, pink or pale purple, and are produced in conspicuous dense inflorescences. In some species (e.g. T. chelidonii, T. tuberosum), the sepals are large, brightly coloured and petal-like, but in most they are small and fall when the flower opens or soon after.[citation needed]
Habitat and distribution
editMeadow-rues are usually found in shaded or damp locations, with a sub-cosmopolitan range throughout most of the Northern Hemisphere and also south to southern Africa and tropical South America, but absent from Australasia. They are most common in temperate regions of the world; twenty-two species are found in North America.[citation needed]
Ecology
editAnemophily (wind pollination) is a characteristic of some members this genus, as seen in Thalictrum fendleri and Thalictrum dioicum. Others, such as Thalictrum sparsiflorum, are entomophilous (pollinated by insects).[4]
Thalictrum species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the Setaceous Hebrew Character moth.[citation needed]
Chemical constituents
editIn addition to alkaloids, Thalictrum species produce many other classes of metabolites, including triterpenoids and triterpenoid glycosides, flavonoids, cyanogenic glycosides, hydrocarbons, alcohols with high molecular weight, fatty acids, phenolic compounds and sterols.[5][6][better source needed] Typical natural products found in this genus are benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, such as magnoflorine, hernandezine, and the structurally related alkaloid berberine.[citation needed]
Selected species
edit- Thalictrum alpinum – alpine meadow-rue
- Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – greater meadow-rue
- Thalictrum chelidonii
- Thalictrum cooleyi – Cooley's meadow-rue
- Thalictrum coreanum
- Thalictrum clavatum - mountain meadow-rue
- Thalictrum dasycarpum
- Thalictrum delavayi – Chinese meadow-rue
- Thalictrum dioicum – early meadow-rue
- Thalictrum fendleri – Fendler's meadow-rue
- Thalictrum filamentosum
- Thalictrum flavum – yellow or common meadow-rue
- Thalictrum glaucum
- Thalictrum heliophilum – cathedral meadow-rue
- Thalictrum kiusianum – Kyushu meadow-rue, dwarf meadow-rue
- Thalictrum minus – lesser meadow-rue
- Thalictrum occidentale – western meadow-rue
- Thalictrum pubescens
- Thalictrum revolutum - waxyleaf meadow-rue
- Thalictrum rochebruneanum – lavender mist meadow-rue
- Thalictrum sparsiflorum – fewflower meadow-rue
- Thalictrum thalictroides – rue-anemone (syn. Anemonella thalictroides)
- Thalictrum tuberosum
- Thalictrum urbainii
Cultivation
editThalictrum species are valued as ornamental garden plants, with their sprays of flowers in delicate shades. The following cultivars, with mixed or unknown parents, have received the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:
Gallery
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Thalictrum aquilegiifolium -
Thalictrum chelidonii -
Thalictrum coreanum -
Thalictrum dasycarpum -
Thalictrum delavayi flowers -
Early meadow-rue (Thalictrum dioicum) -
Thalictrum filamentosum -
Thalictrum flavum leaves -
Thalictrum glaucum flowers -
Thalictrum kiusianum -
Female flowers of Thalictrum occidentale -
Thalictrum rochebrunnianum -
Rue-anemone (Thalictrum thalictroides) -
Thalictrum tuberosum -
Thalictrum urbainii
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References
edit
- ^ Park, Marilyn M.; Festerling Jr., Dennis (1997). "Thalictrum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 3. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Thalictrum". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
- ^ Stace, C. A. (2010). New Flora of the British Isles (Third ed.). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521707725.
- ^ Steven, Janet; Waller, Donald (2004). "Reproductive alternatives to insect pollination in four species of Thalictrum (Ranunculaceae)". Plant Species Biology. 19 (2): 73–80. doi:10.1111/j.1442-1984.2004.00103.x. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
- ^ Khamidullina, Elena A.; Gromova, Alexandra S.; Lutsky, Vladislav I.; Owen, Noel L. (2006). "Natural products from medicinal plants: non-alkaloidal natural constituents of the Thalictrum species". Natural Product Reports. 23 (1): 117–129. doi:10.1039/b504014k. ISSN 0265-0568. PMID 16453035.
- ^ Khamidullina, Elena A.; Gromova, Alexandra S.; Lutsky, Vladislav I.; Owen, Noel L. (2006). "Natural products from medicinal plants: non-alkaloidal natural constituents of the Thalictrum species". ChemInform. 37 (22). doi:10.1002/chin.200622292. ISSN 0931-7597.
- ^ "Thalictrum 'Black Stockings'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
- ^ "Thalictrum 'Elin'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
- ^ "Thalictrum, 'Splendide White' = 'Fr21034'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
- ^ "Thalictrum 'Tukker Princess'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.