Mass media in the Republic of the Congo
Mass media in the Republic of the Congo are severely restricted by many factors, including widespread illiteracy and economic underdevelopment.
The Congolese depend primarily on radio for information.[1] This is mainly due to high illiteracy rates. Access to other forms of media outside the capital is poor. Even Pointe-Noire, the second largest city and the country's economic capital, does not have its own local newspaper. Internet access is very limited, and most citizens have no access to computers in any case.[2]
The public radio and television broadcaster in the Republic of the Congo is Radiodiffusion Television Congolaise. Private radio and television stations are allowed. The country has one press agency, Agence Congolaise d'Information, which is a public agency.
Freedom of speech
editFreedom of speech is severely curtailed in the Republic of the Congo. During the 2009 national elections, a number of reporters from major international press organizations, including France 24, BBC and Radio France International, were harassed, physically attacked by police and soldiers, and had their equipment seized.[3]
There are a handful of print and online newspapers in the Republic of the Congo. All newspapers are based in Brazzaville, and publish in French:
- ACI Actualité, issued by Agence Congolaise d'Information[4] (defunct?)
- Aujourd'hui (est. 1991)[4] (defunct?)
- Brazza News [5]
- Le Choc [6]
- Les Dépêches de Brazzaville [4]
- Les Echos du Congo [6]
- La Griffe [5]
- L'Humanitaire [6]
- Journal de Brazza(fr)
- Mweti [4] (defunct?)
- Le Nouveau Regard [5]
- L'Observateur [6]
- La Semaine Africaine (est. 1952), a religious publication of the Roman Catholic Church[6]
- Talassa [5]
- Le Tam Tam [6]
- La Vérité [5]
Television
editRadio
editIn addition to Congolese radio stations, stations from nearby Kinshasa, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, can be received in the Brazzaville. Rebroadcasts of the BBC World Service, Radio France Internationale, and the Voice of America are available.[7]
- Canal FM (est. 1977), Brazzaville community station; before 2002 called Radio Rurales du Congo[4]
- Radio Brazzaville (est. 1999), government operated local station for the capitol[6][4]
- Radio Congo, government operated national station[6]
- Radio Liberté (est. 1997), privately owned[6][4]
Telecommunications
editFixed line telephone infrastructure in the Republic of the Congo is very limited; fewer than 1 in 100 citizens have a fixed telephone line. Mobile phone communication has grown rapidly, and by 2011 more than 50 in 100 citizens had a mobile phone. 245,000 citizens are estimated to be Internet users, out of a total population of more than 3,800,000.[8]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ "Republic of the Congo: Media and Publishing". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
- ^ "Republic of Congo Media Sustainability Index (MSI)". IREX. Archived from the original on May 6, 2011. Retrieved August 20, 2011.
- ^ "Foreign journalists harassed during and after presidential poll". Reporters Without Borders. Retrieved August 20, 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g Europa 2004.
- ^ a b c d e Freedom House 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Republic of Congo Profile: Media". BBC News. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
- ^ "Republic of the Congo profile". BBC. July 12, 2011. Retrieved August 20, 2011.
- ^ "Republic of the Congo". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved August 20, 2011.
Bibliography
edit- Manga Bekombo (1966). "Brazzaville à l'heure de la télévision congolaise". Revue française de sociologie (in French). 7 (2): 188–200. doi:10.2307/3319018. JSTOR 3319018 – via Persee.fr.
- "Republic of the Congo: Directory: the Press". Africa South of the Sahara 2004. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2004. p. 323. ISBN 978-1857431834.
- Jonathon Green; Nicholas J. Karolides (2005). "Republic of Congo". Encyclopedia of Censorship. Facts on File, Inc. p. 125. ISBN 978-1-4381-1001-1.
- Pierre Minkala-Ntadi (2011–2012). "La presse congolaise dans la tourmente politique: l'illustration d'une tension entre liberté d'expression et responsabilité sociale". Quaderni (in French) (77): 113–120. doi:10.4000/quaderni.569. ISSN 2105-2956 – via Revues.org.
- Gilles Alain Diamouangana (2013), Vie et mort des médias au Congo-Brazzaville (1989-2006): Contribution de La Semaine Africaine à l'émergence d'un espace public (in French), Université Bordeaux Montaigne
- "Republic of Congo (Brazzaville)", Freedom of the Press, USA: Freedom House, 2016, OCLC 57509361
External links
edit- Karen Fung, African Studies Association (ed.). "News (by country): Congo-Brazzaville". Africa South of the Sahara. USA – via Stanford University.
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