Walter Menzies Campbell, Baron Campbell of Pittenweem, CH, CBE, PC, KC (/ˈmɪŋɪs/; born 22 May 1941[1]), often known as Ming Campbell, is a Scottish politician, advocate and former athlete. A member of the Liberal Democrats, he was Member of Parliament (MP) for North East Fife from 1987 to 2015 and served as Leader of the Liberal Democrats from 2006 to 2007.
Campbell held the British record for the 100-metre sprint from 1967 to 1974, having run the distance in 10.2 seconds. He captained the Great Britain athletics team in 1965–66. He has been Chancellor of the University of St Andrews since 2006 and a member of the House of Lords as a life peer since 2015.
Education and early career
editBorn in Glasgow, Campbell was educated at Hillhead High School and the University of Glasgow, graduating with a Scottish Master of Arts (MA) in 1962 and a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) in 1965.[2] He was elected President of the Glasgow University Liberal Club in 1962, and of the Glasgow University Union for 1964–65.[2]
Athletics career
edit| Medal record | ||
|---|---|---|
| Men's athletics | ||
Representing  Great Britain
| ||
| Summer Universiade | ||
 |
1963 Porto Alegre | 4 x 400 m |
 |
1967 Tokyo | 200 m |
| |
1967 Tokyo | 4 x 400 m |
 |
1961 Sofia | 4 x 400 m |
| |
1965 Budapest | 200 m |
| |
1967 Tokyo | 4 x 100 m |
He was a sprinter at university and he broke Olympic gold medalist Wyndham Halswelle's 53-year-old Scottish 300 yards record in 1961.[3] Campbell competed for the Great Britain team in the 200 metres and 4×100 metres relay at the 1964 Olympic Games in Tokyo,[4] and captained the Scotland team at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Kingston, Jamaica. He also captained the Great Britain athletics team in 1965 and 1966, and held the British 100 metres record from 1967 to 1974. At one time he was known as "the fastest white man on the planet",[5] running the 100m in 10.2 seconds twice during 1967.[6] In his first 10.2-second race he beat O. J. Simpson, who was then an aspiring athlete.[7]
Member of Parliament
editLiberal Democrats frontbenches
editAs foreign affairs spokesperson, Campbell was prominent in the Liberal Democrat opposition to the 2003 Iraq War, arguing that the British government should publish the Attorney General's secret advice on the war's legality and criticising Tony Blair's support for President George W. Bush. In 2004, Campbell set out his view of the Anglo-American relationship in the context of an unjust war: "For more than 60 years we have been engaged in an intimate and rewarding relationship with the United States. We must not allow our foreign policy to be defined by that relationship. We have to recognize that the World's most powerful English-speaking nation will always be a powerful influence upon us. Given what we share, it could hardly be otherwise. But a relationship with the United States based on the flawed principle, "my ally right or wrong" is not only profoundly illiberal but will be unsustainable as well."[8]
Leader of the Liberal Democrats
editOn 7 January 2006, Campbell became interim leader following Kennedy's resignation, before winning the subsequent leadership contest. On 2 March 2006, Campbell was declared leader after winning the leadership election under the alternative vote method. The first-round votes placed him in the lead, at 23,264 to Huhne's 16,691 and Simon Hughes's 12,081. Hughes was accordingly eliminated, and his second-preference votes were split between the two remaining candidates. The final result was Campbell at 29,697 and Chris Huhne at 21,628 on a 72% membership turnout.[9]
Campbell promoted many younger MPs to his frontbench team including former MEP Nick Clegg as Home Affairs spokesperson and 26-year-old Jo Swinson as Scotland spokesperson.[10]
Questions over leadership
editCampbell's early performances at the weekly Prime Minister's Questions were criticised,[11] leading him to declare himself "perfectly confident" that he could fulfil the role of party leader.[12] Campbell regained some ground with the controversy over the US practice of "extraordinary rendition",[13] the case of the NatWest Three,[14] and the conflict in Lebanon.[15]
According to polls published in July 2006, twice as many voters preferred Charles Kennedy as leader over Campbell, which led to further criticism of Campbell's leadership.[16] However, Kennedy called rumours that he was considering challenging for the leadership as "fanciful".[17]
The University of St Andrews awarded an honorary doctorate of law to former President Mohammad Khatami of Iran, which sparked some criticism, although as Chancellor he is only the titular head and not involved in such decisions.[18][19][20] Khatami was elected as President of Iran in 1997 and 2001, both occasions on platforms of social and political reform and a "Dialogue Among Civilizations" that put Khatami significantly at odds with his conservative successor, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.
Shortly before Gordon Brown took over as prime minister in June 2007, Campbell was invited to a meeting with the then Chancellor of the Exchequer. Brown surprised Campbell by requesting that two Liberal Democrats (Lord Ashdown and Lady Neuberger) join his cabinet. After taking 24 hours to consult and consider, Campbell rejected the offer as unworkable, given the gulf between the parties on issues of foreign policy and civil liberties. Labour leaked news of the meeting to the media and went behind Campbell to offer the job of Secretary of State for Northern Ireland to Ashdown anyway; he turned it down.[21]
After intense speculation in late 2007, Gordon Brown announced there would be no general election in 2007. Following this announcement, Campbell's leadership again came under question, with some in the party feeling that now the heat was off the time was ripe to get a younger leader potentially more capable of connecting with voters. On 15 October, Campbell's deputy Vince Cable conceded on BBC Radio 4's The World at One programme that Campbell's position was "certainly under discussion", adding "I don't think it's under threat", but on the same programme party stalwart Sir Chris Clarke advised Campbell to "go with dignity and go back to being foreign affairs spokesman, where the world listens to you."[22] Later the same day came an announcement by the party that Campbell would step down as leader.[23][24]
Resignation of leadership
editCampbell resigned as leader of the Liberal Democrats on 15 October 2007. The announcement was made from the steps of Cowley Street by Party President Simon Hughes. Alongside him was deputy Leader Vince Cable; they praised Campbell's leadership and said the party owed him a debt of gratitude. In his letter of resignation, addressed to Hughes, Campbell stated, "It has become clear that following the Prime Minister's decision not to hold an election, questions about leadership are getting in the way of further progress by the party".[25]
Cable became acting leader of the Liberal Democrats until a leadership election could be held.[26] Campbell became the first elected leader of the Liberal Democrats who left the leadership without ever leading the party to a general election. Following the resignation, a leadership contender, Nick Clegg, alleged that Campbell had been a victim of ageism throughout his term as party leader, saying he had been treated "appallingly" and subject to "barely disguised ageism".[27]
Concerns about ageism directed at Campbell from the media had also been raised by the charity Age Concern in September 2006. Gordon Lishman, the director of the charity, said "the recent media coverage poking fun at Sir Menzies has brought to light the age discrimination that is epidemic in the media and society". Attacking media coverage that seemed to focus on his age, Lishman added "clearly the media needs to update its attitudes and get with the times; people are living and working longer and age discrimination is out dated".[28]
Expenses claims
editSir Menzies Campbell reportedly claimed around £10,000 over two years to redesign his flat in London, which included the purchasing of a king-sized bed, scatter cushions and a small flat screen television. It was also claimed that on occasions Campbell spent eight hundred pounds a month on food. Campbell said he believed that the claims were "within the spirit and letter of the rules" as the flat had not been renovated for 20 years.[29]
Retirement from the House of Commons
editOn 9 October 2013, Campbell announced that he would stand down as a Member of Parliament at the 2015 general election. He said: "It is always a regret to begin the process of retiring from the House of Commons but I believe now is the time to start".[30] Liberal Democrat Leader Nick Clegg paid tribute, saying Campbell "served this country and our party with unparalleled distinction".[31]
There was speculation in 2013 that he would be offered a seat in the House of Lords[31] – an opportunity in which, during an interview with Chat Politics, Campbell declared his interest.[30] He became a life peer and a member of the House of Lords in October 2015. Campbell has stated that he believes the House of Lords should be "mainly elected" and will continue to promote that idea "within the house itself."[32]
Political views
editCampbell promoted policies to shift taxation away from "goods" such as employment and towards "bads" such as pollution through a revenue-neutral restructuring of the tax system that maintains the current tax burden whilst lifting two-million low-paid individuals out of income tax altogether.[33]
Campbell's primary area of interest is acknowledged to be foreign policy. He strongly supports multilateral institutions such as the European Union and the United Nations but argues that the European Union must reform to become more democratic and the United Nations must develop new mechanisms for dealing with humanitarian crises.[34]
He has been critical of what he claims as the "disproportionate military action" employed by the Israeli Defence Force in Gaza and in Lebanon, contending that Israel's tactics exacerbate existing tensions and lead to human rights abuses.[15] Though a supporter of Anglo-American cooperation, Campbell has argued that the Bush-Blair relationship was one-sided and that the Labour government pursued it at the expense of Britain's standing in other international institutions, particularly the EU and UN.
Campbell had stressed the need for the Liberal Democrats to provide extra support for female, disabled and ethnic minority candidates seeking to contest winnable seats.[35]
In July 2007, Campbell unveiled tax proposals that amounted to a large shift in the tax burden away from low-income and middle-income earners and onto higher-earners and pollution. This was to be implemented by cutting the basic rate of income tax from 20% to 16%, closing £13.5 billion of tax loopholes for high-earners and imposing larger green taxes on polluters. Campbell said of the proposals that "the unacceptable reality is that in Britain today the poorest pay a higher proportion of their income in tax than the super-rich" and that his aim was for "the rich and people with environmentally damaging lifestyles to pay a fairer share".
Campbell is a member of the Top Level Group of UK Parliamentarians for Multilateral Nuclear Disarmament and Non-proliferation, established in October 2009.[36]
In August 2018, Campbell spoke at a People's Vote rally in Edinburgh. People's Vote was a campaign group calling for a public vote on the final Brexit deal between the UK and the European Union.[37]
Personal life
editCampbell married Elspeth, Lady Grant-Suttie, daughter of Major General Roy Urquhart and former wife of Sir Philip Grant-Suttie, 8th Baronet, in June 1970. The couple had no children, but Lady Campbell had a son from her first marriage.[38] Lady Campbell died on 5 June 2023, aged 83.[39]
Honours
editCampbell was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1987 New Year Honours;[40] he became a Privy Counsellor in the 1999 New Year Honours;[41] and he was knighted in the 2004 New Year Honours for services to Parliament,[42] having the honour conferred by the Prince of Wales on 27 May 2004.[43]
He was appointed a Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH) in the 2013 Birthday Honours for public and political service.[44][45] He was nominated for a life peerage in the 2015 Dissolution Honours and created Baron Campbell of Pittenweem, of Pittenweem in the County of Fife, on 13 October 2015.[46]
Campbell has honorary degrees from the University of Glasgow and the University of Strathclyde. He was the only person nominated to succeed Sir Kenneth Dover after he retired as Chancellor of the University of St Andrews on 1 January 2006, so took office immediately after nominations closed on 9 January 2006. He was installed as Chancellor on 22 April 2006, at which time he also received the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws.[citation needed]
In 2010 it was reported that Campbell had been considered for the post of High Commissioner to Australia; The Guardian claimed it had been stalled as it would trigger a by-election in Campbell's constituency.[47]
References
edit- ^ "Lord Campbell of Pittenweem". parliament.uk. Archived from the original on 10 November 2015. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
- ^ a b CAMPBELL, Rt Hon. Sir (Walter) Menzies. A & C Black. December 2011.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ Doug Gillon (21 July 2008). "Hero from a forsaken generation". The Herald Scotland.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Menzies Campbell Biography and Olympic Results | Olympics at". Sports-reference.com. 22 May 1941. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
- ^ Carlin, Brendan. "On your marks, Ming" Archived 18 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine – The London Daily Telegraph – 3 March 2006
- ^ Allan Wells page Archived 18 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine – at sporting-heroes.net
- ^ "Race to the Finish". politicshome.com. 13 September 2012. Archived from the original on 28 October 2014. Retrieved 10 September 2015.
- ^ Menzies Campbell's speech Archived 26 June 2006 at the Wayback Machine, Guardian.co.uk, 24 September 2003
- ^ Ming Campbell elected Liberal Democrat leader Archived 17 July 2006 at the Wayback Machine Liberal Democrats, 2 March 2006
- ^ "Jo Swinson MP". UK Parliament. Archived from the original on 21 December 2018. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
- ^ Prime minister's questions Archived 22 August 2006 at the Wayback Machine BBC News, 11 January 2006
- ^ Sir Menzies defending his record Archived 25 December 2006 at the Wayback Machine BBC News, 14 May 2006
- ^ This was Ming's day Archived 25 June 2006 at the Wayback Machine BBC News, 7 June 2006
- ^ MPs angry at 'unfair' extradition Archived 17 July 2006 at the Wayback Machine BBC News, 12 July 2006
- ^ a b End Israel arms export – Lib Dems BBC News, 24 July 2006
- ^ Kennedy receives popularity boost Archived 30 August 2006 at the Wayback Machine BBC News, 19 July 2006
- ^ Kennedy denies leadership reports Archived 27 August 2006 at the Wayback Machine BBC News, 30 July 2006
- ^ The dishonouring of St Andrews Archived 24 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine Times Online, 25 October 2006
- ^ It isn't just Bono's U2 who are talking through their hat about tax avoidance Archived 27 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine Guardian Unlimited, 22 October 2006
- ^ Khatami's UK visit to bring tirade from Iran Guardian Unlimited, 5 October 2006
- ^ Lib Dem anger over Brown tricks Archived 3 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine BBC News, 21 June 2007
- ^ Michael White, Michael White's Political Blog Archived 6 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine for 15 October 2007 at guardian.co.uk
- ^ Sir Ming warned as Lib Dems hunt poll boost Archived 14 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine Daily Telegraph
- ^ Lib Dem leader may face challenge as poll ratings drop Archived 16 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Guardian.co.uk; accessed 12 February 2016.
- ^ "Campbell's website". Mingcampbell.org.uk. Archived from the original on 14 March 2010. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
- ^ Liberal Democrat leader resigns Archived 17 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine 15 October 2007
- ^ Barnes, Eddie. "Clegg anger over 'ageism' against Campbell". Scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
- ^ Matt Weaver (21 September 2006). "Charities defend Campbell against 'ageist' media". The Guardian. London, UK. Archived from the original on 25 September 2014. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
- ^ Hope, Christopher (5 August 2006). "Daily Telegraph: Sir Menzies Campbell". London, UK: Telegraph.co.uk. Archived from the original on 14 May 2009. Retrieved 13 May 2009.
- ^ a b "Menzies Campbell MP begins 'process of retiring'". 9 October 2013. Archived from the original on 13 October 2013. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
- ^ a b "Sir Menzies Campbell to stand down as MP in 2015". BBC News. 9 October 2013. Archived from the original on 9 October 2013. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
- ^ "Sir Menzies Campbell: 'Lords should be mainly elected'". BBC News. Archived from the original on 27 August 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
- ^ Lib Dems pledge to cut income tax Archived 31 August 2006 at the Wayback Machine BBC News, 8 June 2006
- ^ Full text: Sir Menzies Campbell's speech to the Lib Dem conference Archived 27 June 2006 at the Wayback Machine Guardian Unlimited, 19 September 2005
- ^ Menzies Campbell's speech on liberal Britain Archived 6 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine Guardian Unlimited, 8 June 2006
- ^ Borger, Julian (8 September 2009). "Nuclear-free world ultimate aim of new cross-party pressure group". The Guardian. London, UK. Archived from the original on 30 June 2009. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
- ^ Staff and agencies (18 August 2018). "People's Vote backers rally in Edinburgh for say in final Brexit deal". The Guardian | Edinburgh. Archived from the original on 18 August 2018. Retrieved 19 August 2018.
- ^ Profile: Elspeth, Lady Campbell Archived 28 June 2006 at the Wayback Machine, BBC News, 2 March 2006.
- ^ Lady Campbell of Pittenweem – wife of Sir Menzies Campbell – dies aged 83
- ^ "No. 50764". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 December 1986. p. 8.
- ^ "No. 55354". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 December 1998. p. 1.
- ^ "No. 57155". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 December 2003. p. S1.
- ^ "No. 57391". The London Gazette. 24 August 2004. p. 10694.
- ^ "No. 60534". The London Gazette (Supplement). 15 June 2013. p. 4.
- ^ "Birthday Honours List 2013" (PDF). HM Government. 14 June 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 December 2016. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
- ^ "notice 2418148". The London Gazette. Archived from the original on 21 March 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
- ^ Robert Booth and Allegra Stratton (16 August 2010). "Nick Clegg's hopes of running the country dashed by prime minister". The Guardian. London, UK. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
External links
edit
- Official website
- Rt Hon Sir Menzies Campbell CBE QC MP Liberal Democrats profile
- Sir Menzies Campbell CBE QC MP Scottish Liberal Democrats profile
- Profile at Parliament of the United Kingdom
- Contributions in Parliament at Hansard
- Contributions in Parliament at Hansard 1803–2005
- Voting record at Public Whip
- Record in Parliament at TheyWorkForYou
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Menzies Campbell at World Athletics
- Menzies Campbell at Olympedia
- Menzies Campbell at Olympics.com
