Metamagical Themas

Metamagical Themas is an eclectic collection of articles that Douglas Hofstadter wrote for the popular science magazine Scientific American during the early 1980s. The anthology was published in 1985 by Basic Books.

Metamagical Themas: Questing for the Essence of Mind and Pattern

Cover of the first edition
Author	Douglas Hofstadter
Language	English
Subjects	Frederic Chopin, free will, Heisenberg principle, innumeracy, Lisp, memes, prisoner's dilemma, quantum mechanics, Rubik's Cube, William Safire, strange attractors, Alan Turing, etc.
Published	1985
Publisher	Basic Books
Publication place	United States
Media type	Print
Pages	852
ISBN	0-465-04566-9
OCLC	11475807

The volume is substantial in size and contains extensive notes concerning responses to the articles and other information relevant to their content. (One of the notes—page 65—suggested memetics for the study of memes.)

Contents

Major themes of the columns include self-reference in memes, language, art and logic; discussions of philosophical issues important in cognitive science/AI; analogies and what makes something similar to something else (specifically what makes, for example, an uppercase letter 'A' recognizable as such); and lengthy discussions of the work of Robert Axelrod on the prisoner's dilemma, as well as the idea of superrationality.

The concept of superrationality, and its relevance to the Cold War, environmental issues and such, is accompanied by notes on experiments conducted by the author at the time. Another notable feature is the inclusion of two dialogues in the style of those appearing in Gödel, Escher, Bach. Ambigrams are mentioned.

There are three articles centered on the Lisp programming language, in which Hofstadter first details the language itself, and then shows how it relates to Gödel's incompleteness theorem. Two articles are devoted to Rubik's Cube and similar puzzles. Many chapters open with an illustration of an extremely abstract alphabet, yet one which is still gestaltly recognizable as such.

The game of Nomic was first introduced to the public in this column, in June 1982, when excerpts from a book (still unpublished at the time) by the game's creator Peter Suber were printed and discussed.

The index of the book mentions Hofstadter's recurring alter ego, Egbert B. Gebstadter.

List of Hofstadter's "Metamagical Themas" columns

From January 1957 through December 1980, Martin Gardner's "Mathematical Games" column was a monthly feature in Scientific American magazine. In 1981, Gardner's column alternated with a new column by Hofstadter called "Metamagical Themas" (an anagram of "Mathematical Games"). Then Hofstadter's column appeared monthly from January 1982 through July 1983.

Date	Title
1981 Jan	An anagrammatic title introduces a new contributor to this column
1981 Mar	The Magic Cube's cubies are twiddled by cubists and solved by cubemeisters
1981 May	A coffeehouse conversation on the Turing test to determine if a machine can think
1981 Jul	Pitfalls of the uncertainty principle and paradoxes of quantum mechanics
1981 Sep	How might analogy, the core of human thinking, be understood by computers?
1981 Nov	Strange attractors: mathematical patterns delicately poised between order and chaos
1982 Jan	A self-referential column about last January's column about self-reference
1982 Feb	About two kinds of inquiry: "National Enquirer" and "The Skeptical Inquirer"
1982 Mar	Is the genetic code an arbitrary one, or would another code work as well?
1982 Apr	The music of Frédéric Chopin: startling aural patterns that also startle the eye
1982 May	Number numbness, or why innumeracy may be just as dangerous as illiteracy
1982 Jun	About Nomic: a heroic game that explores the reflexivity of the law
1982 Jul	Beyond Rubik's Cube: spheres, pyramids, dodecahedrons and God knows what else
1982 Aug	Undercut, Flaunt, Hruska, behavioral evolution and other games of strategy
1982 Sep	Can inspiration be mechanized?
1982 Oct	Variations on a theme as the essence of imagination
1982 Nov	"Default assumptions" and their effects on writing and thinking
1982 Dec	Sense makes more sense than nonsense, but nonsense may still have its purposes
1983 Jan	Virus-like sentences and self-replicating structures
1983 Feb	The pleasures of Lisp: the chosen language of artificial intelligence
1983 Mar	Tripping the light recursive in Lisp, the language of artificial intelligence
1983 Apr	In which a discourse on the language Lisp concludes with a gargantuan Italian feast
1983 May	Computer tournaments of the Prisoner's Dilemma suggest how cooperation evolves
1983 Jun	The calculus of cooperation is tested through a lottery
1983 Jul	Parquet deformations: patterns of tiles that shift gradually in one dimension

French edition

Metamagical Themas was also published in French, under the title Ma Thémagie (InterEditions, 1988), the translators being Jean-Baptiste Berthelin, Jean-Luc Bonnetain, and Lise Rosenbaum.

The wordplay was lost in the French title, and replaced with another one (ma Thémagie would translate to "my themagy", where "themagy" is a neologism, but could also be read as maths et magie, which translates to "maths and magic"). The translators had contemplated Le matin des métamagiciens, which would have been a play on Hofstadter's title plus Le Matin des Magiciens and Jeux malins des mathématiciens (respectively, The Dawn of the Magicians and Clever Tricks of Mathematicians); however, the publisher found that suggestion to be too elaborate.

Reception

Dave Langford reviewed Metamagical Themas for White Dwarf #88, and stated that "a heady mixture of computers, art, mathematics, philosophy, jokes and above all games."

External links

• Metamagical Themas at Google Books
• "A Person Paper on Purity in Language", one of the included essays, first published in September 1983