This article needs more reliable medical references for verification or relies too heavily on primary sources. (April 2019) |  |
Pellotine is an alkaloid found in Lophophora species, in particular L. diffusa.[1][2] Pellotine is slightly narcotic, and has been used by Native Americans as a constituent of peyote for sacramental purposes.[3]
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| Names | |
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| Systematic IUPAC name
6,7-Dimethoxy-1,2-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-8-ol | |
| Other names
Peyotline; N-Methylanhalonidine
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChemSpider | |
PubChem CID
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| C13H19NO3 | |
| Molar mass | 237.299 g·mol−1 |
| Melting point | 110 to 113 |
| Hazards | |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose)
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10 mg/kg (intravenous, dog) |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Psychological and physiological effects
edit8-10 mg of isolated pellotine is known to cause convulsions in frogs.[4] When injected subcutaneously to humans, participants have reported drowsiness and a desire not to exert any physical or mental effort with one study reporting it to have hypnotic effects.[3] It is also reported to lower blood pressure and heart rate.[3]
Ancient use
editNative inhabitants of north-eastern Mexico around 810–1070 CE (according to carbon dating) are thought to have used a number of "mescal buttons" (peyote plant material) containing mescaline, pellotine, and other related alkaloids. While it is known that the cytisine-containing "mescal beans" were at least ornamental, it is unclear whether "mescal buttons" were ornamental or used for their psychoactive effects.[5]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Gabermann, V (1978). "Estimation of mescaline and pellotine in Lophophora coulter plants (Cactaceae) by means of the oscillographic polarography". Biokhimiia (Moscow, Russia). 43 (2): 246–51. PMID 647075.
- ^ Chan, Camilla B.; Poulie, Christian B. M.; Wismann, Simon S.; Soelberg, Jens; Kristensen, Jesper L. (27 August 2021). "The Alkaloids from Lophophora diffusa and Other "False Peyotes"". Journal of Natural Products. 84 (8): 2398–2407. doi:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00381. PMID 34264089. S2CID 235907705.
- ^ a b c Jones, Peter (2007). "The American Indian Church and its sacramental use of peyote: A review for professionals in the mental-health arena". Mental Health, Religion & Culture. 8 (4): 277–290. doi:10.1080/13674670412331304348. S2CID 144932041.
- ^ Heffter, Arthur (1894). "Ueber Pellote". Archiv für Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. 34 (1–2): 65–86. doi:10.1007/bf01864855. S2CID 28789116.
- ^ El-Seedi, Hesham R.; Smet, Peter A. G. M. De; Beck, Olof; Possnert, Göran; Bruhn, Jan G. (2005-10-03). "Prehistoric peyote use: Alkaloid analysis and radiocarbon dating of archaeological specimens of Lophophora from Texas". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 101 (1): 238–242. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2005.04.022. ISSN 0378-8741. PMID 15990261.