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List of metropolitan areas in the Philippines

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The Philippines has three metropolitan areas officially recognized by the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) due to their prominence, population, size, and economy: Manila, Cebu, and Davao.[1][2] The most populous is Metro Manila, which comprises the City of Manila, 15 neighboring cities, and a municipality. The largest by land area is Metro Davao in Mindanao.

Previously, NEDA recognized ten other metropolitan areas: Metro Angeles, Metro Bacolod, Metro Baguio, Metro Batangas, Metro Cagayan de Oro, Metro Dagupan, Metro Iloilo–Guimaras, Metro Naga, and Metro Olongapo. However, these ten were not included as official metropolises in the 2017–2022 Philippine Development Plan created by NEDA.[3] By 2025, the population of Metro Cagayan de Oro is expected to reach a level that would allow it to be reclassified as a metropolitan area.[4]

The official definition of each metropolitan area, as listed below, does not necessarily follow the actual extent of continuous urbanization. For example, the built-up area of Metro Manila has long spilled out of its borders into the adjacent provinces of Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, and Rizal.[5]

List

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Metro area [1] Population (2020) [6] Area [7][8] Density (2020) Managing agency
km2 sq mi /km2 /sq mi
Metro Cebu 3,165,799 1,053.19 406.64 3,000 7,800 Metro Cebu Development and Coordinating Board[9]
10°06′12″N 123°38′26″E / 10.1033°N 123.6405°E / 10.1033; 123.6405 (Carcar) Carcar 4.3% 136,453 116.78 45.09 1,200 3,100
10°18′32″N 123°53′35″E / 10.3090°N 123.8930°E / 10.3090; 123.8930 (Cebu City) Cebu City 30.5% 964,169 315.00 121.62 3,100 8,000
10°27′26″N 124°00′37″E / 10.4571°N 124.0104°E / 10.4571; 124.0104 (Compostela) Compostela 1.8% 55,874 53.90 20.81 1,000 2,600
10°22′35″N 123°57′26″E / 10.3765°N 123.9572°E / 10.3765; 123.9572 (Consolacion) Consolacion 4.7% 148,012 37.03 14.30 4,000 10,000
10°15′05″N 123°57′00″E / 10.2515°N 123.9499°E / 10.2515; 123.9499 (Cordova) Cordova 2.2% 70,595 17.15 6.62 4,100 11,000
10°31′14″N 124°01′37″E / 10.5205°N 124.0270°E / 10.5205; 124.0270 (Danao) Danao 4.9% 156,321 107.30 41.43 1,500 3,900
10°18′39″N 123°56′58″E / 10.3109°N 123.9494°E / 10.3109; 123.9494 (Lapu-Lapu) Lapu-Lapu (Opon) 15.7% 497,604 58.10 22.43 8,600 22,000
10°24′01″N 123°59′57″E / 10.4002°N 123.9993°E / 10.4002; 123.9993 (Liloan) Liloan 4.8% 153,197 45.92 17.73 3,300 8,500
10°19′28″N 123°56′34″E / 10.3245°N 123.9428°E / 10.3245; 123.9428 (Mandaue) Mandaue 11.5% 364,116 25.18 9.72 14,000 36,000
10°14′42″N 123°47′47″E / 10.2450°N 123.7964°E / 10.2450; 123.7964 (Minglanilla) Minglanilla 4.8% 151,002 65.60 25.33 2,300 6,000
10°12′33″N 123°45′24″E / 10.2093°N 123.7567°E / 10.2093; 123.7567 (Naga) Naga 4.2% 133,184 101.97 39.37 1,300 3,400
10°09′51″N 123°42′21″E / 10.1643°N 123.7058°E / 10.1643; 123.7058 (San Fernando) San Fernando 2.3% 72,224 69.39 26.79 1,000 2,600
10°14′41″N 123°50′50″E / 10.2446°N 123.8473°E / 10.2446; 123.8473 (Talisay) Talisay 8.3% 263,048 39.87 15.39 6,600 17,000
Metro Davao 3,339,284 6,492.84 2,506.90 510 1,300 Metropolitan Davao Development Authority[10]
7°21′20″N 125°42′16″E / 7.3556°N 125.7045°E / 7.3556; 125.7045 (Carmen) Carmen 2.5% 82,018 166.00 64.09 490 1,300
7°03′50″N 125°36′30″E / 7.0639°N 125.6083°E / 7.0639; 125.6083 (Davao City) Davao City 53.2% 1,776,949 2,443.61 943.48 730 1,900
6°44′39″N 125°21′23″E / 6.7443°N 125.3565°E / 6.7443; 125.3565 (Digos) Digos 5.6% 188,376 287.10 110.85 660 1,700
6°44′39″N 125°21′23″E / 6.7443°N 125.3565°E / 6.7443; 125.3565 (Hagonoy) Hagonoy 1.7% 56,919 114.28 44.12 500 1,300
6°44′39″N 125°21′23″E / 6.7443°N 125.3565°E / 6.7443; 125.3565 (Maco) Maco 2.5% 83,237 342.23 132.14 240 620
6°44′39″N 125°21′23″E / 6.7443°N 125.3565°E / 6.7443; 125.3565 (Malalag) Malalag 1.2% 40,158 186.12 71.86 220 570
6°44′39″N 125°21′23″E / 6.7443°N 125.3565°E / 6.7443; 125.3565 (Malita) Malita 3.5% 118,197 883.37 341.07 130 340
6°34′12″N 126°07′48″E / 6.5700°N 126.1300°E / 6.5700; 126.1300 (Mati) Mati 4.4% 147,547 588.63 227.27 250 650
6°56′N 126°58′E / 6.94°N 126.97°E / 6.94; 126.97 (Padada) Padada 0.9% 29,878 83.00 32.05 360 930
7°18′01″N 125°40′57″E / 7.3004°N 125.6826°E / 7.3004; 125.6826 (Panabo) Panabo 6.3% 209,230 251.23 97.00 830 2,100
7°04′28″N 125°42′31″E / 7.0744°N 125.7086°E / 7.0744; 125.7086 (Samal) Samal 3.5% 116,771 301.30 116.33 390 1,000
6°50′02″N 125°24′55″E / 6.8340°N 125.4154°E / 6.8340; 125.4154 (Santa Cruz) Santa Cruz 3.0% 101,125 319.91 123.52 320 830
6°50′02″N 125°24′55″E / 6.8340°N 125.4154°E / 6.8340; 125.4154 (Santa Maria) Santa Maria 1.7% 57,526 175.00 67.57 330 850
6°50′02″N 125°24′55″E / 6.8340°N 125.4154°E / 6.8340; 125.4154 (Santa Maria) Sulop 1.1% 35,151 155.26 59.95 230 600
7°26′48″N 125°48′34″E / 7.4468°N 125.8095°E / 7.4468; 125.8095 (Tagum) Tagum 8.9% 296,202 195.80 75.60 1,500 3,900
Metro Manila 13,484,462 633.11 244.45 21,000 54,000 Metropolitan Manila Development Authority
14°39′26″N 120°59′03″E / 14.6571°N 120.9841°E / 14.6571; 120.9841 (Caloocan) Caloocan 12.3% 1,661,584 53.20 20.54 31,000 80,000
14°28′50″N 120°58′55″E / 14.4806°N 120.9819°E / 14.4806; 120.9819 (Las Piñas) Las Piñas 4.5% 606,293 32.02 12.36 19,000 49,000
14°33′24″N 121°01′25″E / 14.5568°N 121.0235°E / 14.5568; 121.0235 (Makati) Makati 4.7% 629,616 27.36 10.56 23,000 60,000
14°40′31″N 120°57′26″E / 14.6752°N 120.9573°E / 14.6752; 120.9573 (Malabon) Malabon 2.8% 380,522 15.96 6.16 24,000 62,000
14°34′39″N 121°02′00″E / 14.5774°N 121.0334°E / 14.5774; 121.0334 (Mandaluyong) Mandaluyong 3.2% 425,758 11.06 4.27 38,000 98,000
14°35′26″N 120°58′48″E / 14.5906°N 120.9799°E / 14.5906; 120.9799 (Manila) Manila 13.7% 1,846,513 42.88 16.56 43,000 110,000
14°37′59″N 121°05′57″E / 14.6331°N 121.0993°E / 14.6331; 121.0993 (Marikina) Marikina 3.4% 456,059 22.64 8.74 20,000 52,000
15°42′47″N 120°54′15″E / 15.7131°N 120.9041°E / 15.7131; 120.9041 (Muntinlupa) Muntinlupa 4.0% 543,445 41.67 16.09 13,000 34,000
14°39′25″N 120°56′52″E / 14.6569°N 120.9478°E / 14.6569; 120.9478 (Navotas) Navotas 1.8% 247,543 11.51 4.44 22,000 57,000
14°30′03″N 120°59′29″E / 14.5007°N 120.9915°E / 14.5007; 120.9915 (Parañaque) Parañaque 5.1% 689,992 47.28 18.25 15,000 39,000
14°32′37″N 120°59′43″E / 14.5437°N 120.9954°E / 14.5437; 120.9954 (Pasay) Pasay 3.3% 440,656 18.64 7.20 24,000 62,000
14°33′38″N 121°04′36″E / 14.5605°N 121.0767°E / 14.5605; 121.0767 (Pasig) Pasig 6.0% 803,159 31.46 12.15 26,000 67,000
14°32′32″N 121°03′55″E / 14.5421°N 121.0654°E / 14.5421; 121.0654 (Pateros) Pateros 0.5% 65,227 1.76 0.68 37,000 96,000
14°39′03″N 121°02′55″E / 14.6509°N 121.0486°E / 14.6509; 121.0486 (Quezon City) Quezon City 22.0% 2,960,048 165.33 63.83 18,000 47,000
14°36′17″N 121°01′48″E / 14.6047°N 121.0299°E / 14.6047; 121.0299 (San Juan) San Juan 0.9% 126,347 5.87 2.27 22,000 57,000
14°31′36″N 121°04′28″E / 14.5266°N 121.0744°E / 14.5266; 121.0744 (Taguig) Taguig 6.6% 886,722 45.18 17.44 20,000 52,000
14°42′28″N 120°56′46″E / 14.7077°N 120.9462°E / 14.7077; 120.9462 (Valenzuela) Valenzuela 5.3% 714,978 45.75 17.66 16,000 41,000

History

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In 2020, 54% of the Philippine population lived in urban areas[11] encompassing many cities. Growth in some cities has led to urban spillover in adjacent municipalities.

Metro Manila was created in 1975 with the establishment of the Metro Manila Commission. This commission, reorganized in 1986 as the Metro Manila Authority, was renamed in 1995 as the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA). While MMDA has no power over the local government units (LGUs) it covers, it has worked with the LGUs to solve issues that affect all of them such as traffic management.

The practice of creating an intercity board or agency to determine the limits of a metropolitan area has become common.[citation needed] A number of proposals have been created to create similar metropolitan arrangements in other areas of the country. In 1997, Cebu created the Metropolitan Cebu Development Council (MCDC), which was renamed the Metropolitan Cebu Development and Coordinating Board (MCDCB) in 2011. In 2022, Baguio[12] and Davao created their own metropolitan boards. Other proposed metropolitan boards include ones for Bulacan and Bataan.

List of built-up urban areas

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The following table lists urban areas in the Philippines, with a population of over 500,000, according to Demographia's "World Urban Areas" study as of 2023. Demographia defines an urban area as a continuously built up land mass of urban development that is within a labor and housing market, without regard for administrative boundaries.[13]

Rank Urban Area Est. Population Built-up Area (sq miles) Built-up Area (sq km) Pop. Density (per sq miles) Pop. Density (per sq km)
1 Manila 24,156,000 738 1,911 32,732 12,638
2 Cebu City 2,482,000 79 205 31,418 12,130
3 Davao City 1,379,000 50 130 27,580 10,649
4 Cagayan de Oro 723,000 27 70 26,778 10,339
5 Angeles City 712,000 72 186 9,889 3,818
6 Bacolod 611,000 32 83 19,094 7,372
7 Iloilo City 542,000 35 91 15,486 5,979
8 Zamboanga City 539,000 21 54 25,667 9,910
9 General Santos 529,000 36 93 14,694 5,674
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  •  
    Metro Manila
  •  
    Metro Cebu
  •  
    Metro Davao

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Chapter 3: Overlay of Economic Growth, Demographic Trends, and Physical Characteristics" (PDF). Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022. National Economic and Development Authority: 37–38. 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 25, 2020. Retrieved August 1, 2020.
  2. ^ "Overlay of Economic Growth, Demographic Trends, and Physical Characteristics" (PDF). National Economic Development Authority of the Philippines.
  3. ^ "Building Globally Competitive Metro Areas in the Philippines" (PDF). National Economic and Development Authority. August 30, 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 4, 2013. Retrieved February 6, 2014.
  4. ^ Encarnacion, Ronnie; Magnaye, Dina; Castro, Annlouise Genevieve (January 4, 2023). "Spatial Analysis of Local Competitiveness: Relationship of Economic Dynamism of Cities and Municipalities in Major Regional Metropolitan Areas in the Philippines" (PDF). Sustainability. 15 (2): 4. doi:10.3390/su15020950 – via ResearchGate.
  5. ^ "Demographia World Urban Areas, 12th Annual Edition: 2016:04" (PDF). 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 21, 2017. Retrieved March 24, 2017. Higher than other estimates, which are largely limited to the National Capital Region. Continuous urbanization extends into Cavite, Laguna, Bulucan [sic] and Rizal.
  6. ^ Census of Population (2020). Table B - Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City, and Municipality - By Region. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  7. ^ "Philippine Standard Geographic Code". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority. Archived from the original on July 6, 2016. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
  8. ^ "Philippine Standard Geographic Code". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority. Archived from the original on July 6, 2016. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
  9. ^ "What is MCDCB?". Mega Cebu Blog. March 2, 2014. Retrieved January 11, 2017.
  10. ^ Joviland Rita (April 27, 2022). "Duterte OKs creation of Metropolitan Davao Development Authority". GMA News Online. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
  11. ^ "Urban Population of the Philippines (2020 Census of Population and Housing)". Philippine Statistics Authority. 5 July 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  12. ^ Keith, Gaby B. "Metro Baguio Devt Authority now a law". The Manila Times. Manila Times Publishing Corp. Retrieved May 28, 2023.
  13. ^ Cox, Wendell (August 2023). "World Urban Areas 19th Annual: 2023" (PDF). Demographia. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
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