Michael George Vickers (born April 27, 1953) is an American defense official who served as the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence (USD-I).[2] As USD-I, Vickers, who was appointed by President Barack Obama in 2010, was the Defense Department's top civilian military intelligence official. Before becoming USD-I, Vickers served as Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations and Low Intensity Conflict.[3]
Michael Vickers | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence | |
| In office March 16, 2011 – April 30, 2015 | |
| President | Barack Obama |
| Preceded by | Jim Clapper |
| Succeeded by | Marcel Lettre |
| Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict | |
| In office July 23, 2007 – March 16, 2011 | |
| President | George W. Bush Barack Obama |
| Preceded by | Thomas O'Connell |
| Succeeded by | Michael Lumpkin (Acting) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Michael George Vickers April 27, 1953 Burbank, California, U.S. |
| Spouses |
|
| Children | 5 |
| Education | University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa (BA) University of Pennsylvania (MBA) Johns Hopkins University (PhD) |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  United States |
| Branch/service |  United States Army |
| Years of service | 1973–1983 |
| Rank |  Captain |
| Unit | 10th Special Forces Group 7th Special Forces Group Green Light Teams |
Prior to joining the Defense Department, Vickers served in the U.S. Army Special Forces as both a non-commissioned officer and commissioned officer, as well as a Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) paramilitary operations officer from the elite Special Activities Division. While in the CIA, he played a key role in the arming of the Islamic mujahideen against the communist government in the service of America's proxy war against Soviet Union influence in Afghanistan.[4] Parts of mujahideen groups armed by Vickers later rose to power as the Taliban and Al-Queda, other parts would become the opposition as Northern Alliance.
Early life
editVickers was born in Burbank, California,[5] and attended Hollywood High School.[6][7]
He has acknowledged earning C's in high school and scraping through junior college before finding purpose in the Army.[8] Andrew F. Krepinevich Jr., a retired Army officer who taught Vickers at Johns Hopkins and later hired him at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, described Vickers’ poor performance as a youth, "Sometimes gifted people get bored by the offerings mere mortals get."[8]
Before he served in Special Forces, his original intention was to play professional football or baseball. He was beaten out of a starting position at Pierce College by future NCIS star Mark Harmon, who went on to play for UCLA.[9]
His father, Richard, was a master carpenter working on movie sets for 20th Century Fox. He attributed this to his son's choice of career: "It was pretty easy to see it coming, he was interested in all that spy stuff."[6] The younger Vickers would also say, "I had a spirit of adventure, and probably saw too many James Bond movies as a kid."[9]
Career
editIn June 1973, Vickers enlisted in the US Army under the Special Forces Enlistment Option. He completed the Airborne Course in December 1973, and the Special Forces Qualification Course in May 1974. He was assigned to 10th Special Forces Group (Airborne) at Fort Devens after graduating from SFQC, serving as a senior weapons sergeant from June 1974 to December 1976. While at 10th SFG, Vickers attended Ranger School, the German Army Advanced Mountain Climbing Course in Mittenwald, the Special Forces Engineer/Demolitions Course, and the Special Atomic Demolitions Course. He was a combatives instructor at the United States Military Academy, deployed on a Flintlock exercise, and was attached to Detachment A, Berlin Brigade where he received advanced urban unconventional warfare training.[10][11] After completing Czech language training at the Defense Language Institute (DLI) in January 1978, Vickers was assigned to A Company, 1st Battalion, Special Forces Detachment Europe (Airborne). He completed the British Special Air Service Counterterrorism Close Battle Course in June 1978.[6][11]
After attending Officer Candidate School, Vickers was commissioned in December 1978 and assigned to 3rd Battalion, 7th Special Forces Group (Airborne) at Fort Gulick in Panama. He graduated from the Infantry Officer Basic Course, where he earned the Expert Infantryman Badge, and the DLI's Spanish language course. Vickers graduated from the Special Forces Officer Course as a Distinguished Honor Graduate in April 1980 and completed the Military Free Fall Parachutist Course. He was promoted to captain in September 1982 and commanded a classified counterterrorism (CT) unit for two years in support of CONPLAN 0300, deploying to several Latin American countries, and was a planner for special-operations forces (SOF) contingency operations against the Sandinista regime in Nicaragua. In June 1983, Vickers left the Army to join the Central Intelligence Agency.[6][9][11][12]
Vickers served in the Latin America Division, the International Activities Division (Special Operations Group) and the Near East and South Asia Division. He deployed to Grenada, established the CIA station and performed operational missions. For this, he received an award for heroism under fire from the Director of Central Intelligence. After the October 1983 Marine Barracks bombing, Vickers was selected for a special counter-terrorism assignment in Lebanon.[6][9][11]
Vickers was selected as the program officer and chief strategist for the Afghanistan Covert Action Program in October 1984, coordinating an effort that involved ten countries and providing direction to forces made up of over 500,000 anti-Soviet fighters.[6][11][13]
Later, Vickers was Senior Vice President, Strategic Studies, at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (CSBA), during which he provided advice on Iraq strategy to US President George H. W. Bush and his war cabinet.[13]
In 2004, he wrote an op-ed piece for USA Today in which he stated that the United States could be successful in Iraq by using a much smaller force modeled on its deployment in Afghanistan.[14]
In July 2007, he was confirmed by the United States Senate as Assistant Secretary of Defense, where he was the senior civilian advisor to the US Secretary of Defense on such matters as "counter-terrorism" strategy and operational employment of special operations forces, strategic forces, and conventional forces.[15][failed verification] This role saw Vickers hunting many of the former anti-Soviet fighters that he assisted during the Afghan-Soviet war.[6]
Regarding ISIS and Al-Qaeda, Vickers advocated a policy of disruption, raids intended to distract and keep militants off-balance such that they are unable to organize and execute action against the United States and its forces in Afghanistan, Iraq, and the Middle East.[16]
He retired from government service in April 2015. As of December 2015, it was announced that he had been appointed to the BAE Systems board of directors.
In 2020, Vickers, along with over 130 other former Republican national security officials, signed a statement that asserted that President Trump was unfit to serve another term, and "To that end, we are firmly convinced that it is in the best interest of our nation that Vice President Joe Biden be elected as the next President of the United States, and we will vote for him."[17]
In October 2020, Vickers signed a letter that stated the Biden laptop story "has the classic earmarks of a Russian information operation".[18] In May 2023, The New York Times reported that no evidence has emerged the laptop contained Russian disinformation, and portions of its contents have been verified as authentic, prompting House Republicans to term the signers of the letter, including Vickers, as "spies who lie".[19]
Education
editVickers originally began attending the University of Alabama in 1980, and undertook additional remote coursework through Florida State University and the University of Oklahoma. He earned credits from nine universities and colleges before graduating cum laude from UA in 1983, writing his honors thesis on U.S. intelligence policy.[9] Vickers went on to attend The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania from which he received an MBA.[20] He earned a Ph.D. in 2011 in International Relations/Strategic Studies from the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) at Johns Hopkins University under Professor Eliot A. Cohen.[21][22]
Personal life
editVickers was previously married to Phebe Novakovic, a former intelligence officer, General Dynamics CEO, and director at JP Morgan.[23][24]
He later married Melana Zyla Vickers and has five daughters: Alexandra, Natasha, Sophia, Oksana and Kalyna.[11]
Publications
edit- Vickers, Michael G. (2023). By All Means Available: Memoirs of a Life in Intelligence, Special Operations, and Strategy. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 9781101947708.
In popular culture
edit
Vickers' role at the Central Intelligence Agency during the Soviet–Afghan War was featured in George Crile's 2003 book Charlie Wilson's War, and in the 2007 movie adaptation in which he is played by actor Christopher Denham.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "The Spy in General Dynamics' Corner Office". Fortune. Retrieved 15 July 2021.
- ^ Shanker, Thom (2 May 2015). "A Secret Warrior Leaves the Pentagon as Quietly as He Entered". The New York Times – via NYTimes.com.
- ^ "Welcome to nginx". www.defense.gov. Archived from the original on 13 December 2012. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
- ^ "Sorry Charlie this is Michael Vickers's War," Washington Post, 27 December 2007
- ^ "Nominations before the Senate Armed Services Committee". Archived from the original on 6 October 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g Bumiller, Elisabeth (3 September 2011). "Soldier, Thinker, Hunter, Spy: Drawing a Bead on Al Qaeda". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
- ^ "Notable Graduates". Hollywood High School. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
- ^ a b Whitlock, Craig (29 April 2011). "Defense Department's Vickers is a national security star". The Washington Post. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
- ^ a b c d e Jones, Jessie (8 March 2012). "The Best Defense". The University of Alabama. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
- ^ Lamothe, Dan (27 October 2021) [2015-03-19]. "Mike Vickers, longtime senior intelligence official and former CIA strategist, to leave Pentagon". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. ISSN 0190-8286. OCLC 1330888409.[please check these dates]
- ^ a b c d e f "DISTINGUISHED MEMBER OF THE SPECIAL FORCES REGIMENT" (PDF). United States Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
- ^ "Michael Vickers" (PDF). Army Special Forces Regiment. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 October 2020.
- ^ a b "Biographies". U.S. Department of Defense.
- ^ "USATODAY.com - For guidance on Iraq, look to Afghanistan: Use fewer U.S. troops, not more". usatoday30.usatoday.com.
- ^ "Presidential Nomination: William H. Tobey". georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov.
- ^ "Harvard Professor Stephen Rosen on Our Geopolitical Challenges".
- ^ "Former Republican National Security Officials for Biden". Defending Democracy Together. 20 August 2020. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
- ^ "Hunter Biden story is Russian disinfo, dozens of former intel officials say". 19 October 2020.
- ^ Broadwater, Luke. "Officials Who Cast Doubt on Hunter Biden Laptop Face Questions". The New York Times.
- ^ "Telemus Group Principals". Robert Martinage. Retrieved 20 February 2017.
- ^ "Michael Vickers". The Cipher Brief.
- ^ Shanker, Thom (2 May 2015). "A Secret Warrior Leaves the Pentagon as Quietly as He Entered". The New York Times.
- ^ Robbins, Carla Anne (11 September 2015). "The Spy in General Dynamics' Corner Office". Fortune.com. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
- ^ Bobrow, Emily (25 June 2021). "General Dynamics CEO Phebe Novakovic Believes in Patriotism and Resilience". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
External links
edit- Appearances on C-SPAN
- SOF Advisor - Michael G. Vickers November 14, 2007
- U.S. adapts Cold-War Idea to Fight Terrorists NY Times March 18, 2008