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Michigan Womyn's Music Festival

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The Michigan Womyn's Music Festival, often referred to as MWMF or Michfest,[1] was a lesbian feminist women's music festival held annually from 1976 to 2015 in Oceana County, Michigan, on privately owned woodland near Hart Township referred to as "The Land" by Michfest organizers and attendees.[2][3] The event was built, staffed, run, and attended exclusively by women, with girls, young boys and toddlers permitted.[4][5][2]

Michigan Womyn's Music Festival
GenreWomen's music
DatesAugust
Location(s)Hart Township, Michigan
Years active1976–2015
Websitehttps://www.michfest.com (MWMF Archive)

From 1991, the festival excluded trans women, adopting a "womyn-born womyn" policy,[6] which drew increasing criticism. The festival was picketed by Camp Trans starting in the 1990s for its exclusionary policy. LGBTQ advocacy group Equality Michigan boycotted the event in 2014.[7] Michfest drew criticism from the Human Rights Campaign,[8] GLAAD,[9] the National Center for Lesbian Rights, and the National LGBTQ Task Force, among others. The festival held its final event in August 2015.[10][11]

History

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Background

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The first women's music festivals in the United States were founded in the early 1970s, starting with day festivals at the Sacramento State and San Diego State University campuses, the Midwest Women's Festival in Missouri, the Boston Women's Music Festival, and the National Women's Music Festival at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. These first regional women-only events exposed audiences to feminist and openly lesbian artists, most of whom operated independently of the mainstream recording industry. Festival gatherings offered an alternative to urban bars, coffeehouses and protest marches, which were some of the few opportunities for lesbians to meet one another in the early 1970s. The feminist separatism of the spaces was a direct outgrowth of, and solidarity with, the activism created by black power and other racial solidarity movements.[12]

1970s

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In 1976, Lisa Vogel, along with sister Kristie Vogel and friend Mary Kindig,[13] founded the Michigan Womyn's Music Festival after attending an indoor festival of women's music in Boston the year before. They were joined by local businesswoman Susan Alborell. When their application to form a non-profit collective was denied, the We Want the Music Corporation was structured as the parent company of MWMF. Michfest was initially conceptualized as an event attended by women and feminist men; however, it became a women-only festival when the characteristics of outdoor camping were taken into consideration. MWMF was thereafter established as "an event for lesbians".[14] Years later, author and feminist scholar Bonnie Morris would describe Michfest as "an entire city run by and for lesbian feminists. Utopia revealed. And Eden—built by Eves."[15]

1980s

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In 1982, Michfest moved to what would become its long-term 650-acre location near Hart, Michigan. In subsequent years it would add an acoustic stage and an open mic stage, in addition to day stage and night stage programming. Cement-paved walkways were added to ease access for women with mobility challenges and baby strollers. Barbara "Boo" Price became Vogel's business partner after the 1985 festival and was increasingly involved with production until the two parted ways in 1994. A 10th-anniversary double album was produced in 1985, and in 1986, the festival expanded to five days. The festival was hampered by an outbreak of shigella in 1988.[16][17]

1990s and 2000s

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In the 1990s, Michfest added a runway to the Night Stage and a mosh pit.[18] Notable artists invited to the event during this era included the Indigo Girls and Tribe 8.[19]

Exclusion controversy

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In 1991, trans woman Nancy Jean Burkholder was asked to leave the festival.[20][21] This was retroactively justified by the instatement of a "womyn-born-womyn" policy, as named by Vogel.[22][23] Vogel stated in 2013 that Michfest was intended for "womyn who at birth were deemed female".[6] The practical effect was that trans women were excluded from the festival, which became the subject of increasing criticism.

In 1992, Burkholder had a survey circulated at Michfest that asked, "Do you think male-to-female transsexuals should be welcome at Michigan?"[24] Although the sample was not "randomly selected", the results were interpreted as indicating that the greater number of those who attended MWMF would be against the exclusion of transsexual women, and "strongly suggest[ed] that the majority of Festigoers would support a 'no penis' policy that would allow postoperative male-to-female transsexuals" to attend Michfest.[24] At the 2000 event, staff gave arrivals a sheet saying that the festival may deny "admission to individuals who self-declare as male-to-female transsexuals or female-to-male transsexuals now living as men (or [ask] them to leave if they enter)."[20]

Critics argued that the womyn-born womyn intention constituted discrimination against transgender people and in 1995, Camp Trans, an annual protest event held concurrently with Michfest that operated adjacent to the festival venue, was launched.[25][26]

In a 2005 interview with Amy Ray, Vogel defended the intention, stating that "having a space for women, who are born women, to come together for a week, is a healthy, whole, loving space to provide for women who have that experience. To label that as transphobic is, to me, as misplaced as saying the women-of-color tent is racist, or to say that a transsexual-only space, a gathering of folks of women who are born men is misogynist. I have always in my heart believed in the politics and the culture of separate time and space."[27] In a 2006 press release, Vogel stated that "we strongly assert there is nothing transphobic with choosing to spend one week with womyn who were born as, and have lived their lives as, womyn."[26]

Trans–bi activist Julia Serano, writing in 2007, criticized Michigan's policy as transmisogyny and pointed to a double standard: trans men were allowed at the festival, but trans women were not; in effect, this meant that trans men were treated as if they were women. She accused Michigan's policy of being inherently sexist against women and going against the very idea of a women's music festival, rebutted various statements put forth by Michfest in support of their policy, and described the preventing of pre-op trans women as phallocentric.[23]

In 2013, transgender activist Red Durkin launched a Change.org petition asking performers to boycott Michfest until the womyn-born womyn intention was abolished.[28] In response, Vogel stated that "I reject the assertion that creating a time and place for WBW to gather is inherently transphobic. This is a false dichotomy and one that prevents progress and understanding."[29] Shortly after the petition was launched, the Indigo Girls announced that 2013 would be their last year at the festival while the intention was in place, releasing a statement that "we strongly feel that the time is long overdue for a change of intention, to one that states very plainly the inclusion of Trans Womyn."[30] Another performer, Lovers, expressed their opposition to the intention but chose to perform in 2013 anyway.[31] They released a statement arguing that "MWMF responds not to external, but internal pressure, and we believe that ultimately, the women who attend the festival are the ones who will decide it’s future."[32]

In 2014, LGBT advocacy group Equality Michigan boycotted Michfest.[7] The boycott was joined by the Human Rights Campaign (HRC),[8] GLAAD,[9] the National Center for Lesbian Rights (NCLR), and the National LGBTQ Task Force. Michfest accused the boycott of being "based on misrepresentations, purposeful omissions, and selective editing of prior Festival statements on this issue,"[33] with Vogel referring to the boycott as "McCarthy-era blacklist tactics".[34] The NCLR and National LGBTQ Task Force would later withdraw their support for the boycott, as they felt it would not be "ultimately productive" in realizing its objective stating, "We have not abandoned our efforts to work for a fully inclusive Michfest. Our goal is a Michfest that fully welcomes Trans women."[35]

Protests against the intention resulted in criticism of artists who had performed or been invited to Michfest. Bitch, of the band Bitch and Animal, attracted criticism for choosing to play at MWMF, resulting in the Boston Dyke March canceling an appearance by her in 2007,[36][37] and she was also pulled or dis-invited from several other music festivals.[38] Members of The Butchies and Le Tigre claimed to have been "verbally attacked, endlessly harassed and physically threatened" for deciding to play at the festival.[39] In October 2013, filmmaker Sara St. Martin Lynne was asked to resign from the board of the Bay Area Girls Rock Camp for attending Michfest.[40]

Michfest also had the stated intention that attendees' gender should not be challenged,[22][a] and it was reported that transgender women attended the festival without revealing their status.[41] This approach by the festival was criticized as equivalent to "Don't ask, don't tell" by Emily Dievendorf of Equality Michigan,[42] Riki Wilchins of GenderPAC,[43] and Julia Serano.[23]

Closure in 2015

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Michfest celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2015. On April 21, Lisa Vogel announced via Facebook that it would also be the last festival.[10] Vogel wrote in her statement:

There have been struggles; there is no doubt about that. This is part of our truth, but it is not — and never has been — our defining story. The Festival has been the crucible for nearly every critical cultural and political issue the lesbian feminist community has grappled with for four decades. Those struggles have been a beautiful part of our collective strength; they have never been a weakness.[10]

Operations

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Activities and services

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Attendance at the Michfest ranged from 3,000 to 10,000.[44] Women built the stages, ran the lighting and sound systems, made trash collection rounds, served as electricians, mechanics, security, medical and psychological support, cooked meals for thousands over open fire pits, provided childcare, and facilitated workshops covering various topics of interest to the attendees, who were referred to as "festies". Up to one month was spent building the festival grounds, and dismantling them at the close of the event.[45]

Management decisions were made through worker community meetings. Community service support included ASL interpretation at performances, mental and physical health care, Alcoholics Anonymous meetings, camping for disabled women, as well as a tent solely for women of color.

Writing from a personal perspective for The Village Voice in fall 1994, musician and Festival kitchen worker Gretchen Phillips (co-founder of the band Two Nice Girls) said: "I had never seen so many breasts before, so many bare asses, so much damn skin on such a vast terrain. I decided to make that weekend all about studying my body issues" and "I've always used Mich as a place to charge my batteries for the rest of the year, planning my life around being there in August and learning my lessons, both fun and hard."[18]

Male children age four and under were allowed within the festival. Childcare for girls and boys under five was provided. A summer camp, Brother Sun Boys Camp, was available for boys aged 5 to 10.[46]

Production and performances

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Artists from multiple genres performed at Michfest,[47] including classical, jazz, folk, hard rock, acoustic, bluegrass and gospel.[48] The Festival created a high-tech production with three stages in a rural outdoor venue.[48][49][50] Notable performers included Margie Adam, BETTY, Bitch, Tracy Chapman, Lea DeLaria, Melissa Ferrick, Mary Gauthier, Indigo Girls, Marga Gomez, Valerie June, Holly Near, Carole Pope, Vicki Randle, Jane Siberry, Jill Sobule, Cheryl Wheeler, Dar Williams, Cris Williamson, and Sam Bettens (formerly Sarah Bettens).[51][52][53][54][55][56]

Michfest Half-Way Soirée

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In 2005, festival attendee Lisa A. Snyder created the "Michfest Half-Way Soirée" in New York City to support the local Michigan Womyn's Music Festival community, female musicians, and women-owned businesses.[57][58] Half-Way to Michfest Parties (sometimes also called Mid-Way Parties or Michfest Half-Way Parties) were subsequently held in many locations.[59]

Status of land property

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In 2017, non-profit organization We Want the Land Coalition[60] entered into a contract to purchase the land from Lisa Vogel.[61][62] WWTLC intends to make the land accessible to women who want to organize events on it. Smaller events were planned for the summer of 2019.[63] Fern Fest, an event resembling Michfest, though trans inclusive, was held in August 2022.[64]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ "It was womyn-only and we, as producers and organizers ... would have womyn come up to us and say, 'There's a man on the land,' and we'd go over and it would be a bearded womon. Or we'd walk over to check it out and really often it would be a butch black womon. And white womyn were not used to being around a diversity of black womyn.... Our intention of never questioning anyone's gender on the Land stemmed from that, and that was in the 70s, before anyone was really discussing gender [identity]. [I]t was really clear that here we were; we had this womyn-only space and womyn were getting confused — if they didn't know butch womyn or bearded womyn or black womyn, then they were IDing sisters as men. And so really our original focus on this started out as: we don't want here to be any place where a woman is questioned. Cuz we're questioned about our womonhood all the time. I mean I'm a butch womon; I've been questioned. So that was the foundation of it." – Lisa Vogel[22]

References

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  1. ^ Edwalds, Loraine; Stocker, Midge, eds. (1995). The Woman-Centered Economy: Ideals, Reality, and the Space in Between (1st ed.). Chicago: Third Side Press. ISBN 978-1879427167.
  2. ^ a b "General Festival Information". Michigan Womyn's Music Festival. 2001. Archived from the original on 1 August 2001. Retrieved 6 April 2019.
  3. ^ Fish Without A Bicycle (23 April 2014). "Love from the Land - A love letter from the Michigan Womyn's Music Festival". Archived from the original on 7 July 2014. Retrieved 28 June 2014 – via YouTube.
  4. ^ Odahl-Ruan, Charlynn; McConnell, Elizabeth; Shattell, Mona; Kozlowski, Christine (June 15, 2015). "Empowering Women through Alternative Settings: Michigan Womyn's Music Festival". Global Journal of Community Psychology Practice. 6 (1). doi:10.7728/0601201503. ISSN 2163-8667. Archived from the original on May 25, 2018. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
  5. ^ Cox, Susan (August 5, 2016). "Women grieve the loss of Michfest online, look forward to new gatherings". Feminist Current. Archived from the original on 7 May 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
  6. ^ a b Vogel, Lisa (April 11, 2013). "Letter to the Community". Michigan Womyn's Music Festival. Archived from the original on March 30, 2015.
  7. ^ a b Equality Michigan (July 28, 2014). "End Transgender Exclusion from Michfest" (PDF). Gender Identity Watch. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 31, 2014.
  8. ^ a b Sherouse, Beth (July 30, 2014). "Michigan Womyn's Music Festival". Human Rights Campaign. Archived from the original on March 11, 2016. Retrieved July 16, 2017.
  9. ^ a b "GLAAD President/CEO Sarah Kate Ellis and wife pen op-ed supporting trans inclusion at Michfest". GLAAD. August 8, 2014. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved July 16, 2017.
  10. ^ a b c Michigan Womyn's Music Festival, Lisa Vogel (April 21, 2015). "Dear Sisters, Amazon, Festival family". Facebook. Archived from the original on 2022-02-26. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  11. ^ Brownworth, Victoria A. (April 23, 2015). "Michigan Womyn's Music Festival to End after 40 Years". Curve. Archived from the original on 29 January 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  12. ^ Levy, Ariel (February 22, 2009). "Lesbian Nation". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on June 14, 2018. Retrieved April 10, 2019.
  13. ^ Stein, Marc, ed. (2003). "Music: Women's Festivals, by Bonnie J. Morris". Encyclopedia of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender History in America. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 978-0684312613.
  14. ^ Kendall, Laurie J. (2013). The Michigan Womyn's Music Festival: An Amazon Matrix of Meaning (2nd ed.). Baltimore: The Spiral Womyn's Press. pp. 22–26. ISBN 978-0615200651.
  15. ^ Morris, Bonnie J (1999). Eden Built By Eves: The Culture of Women's Music Festivals (1st ed.). Alyson Publications. p. 60. ISBN 1-55583-477-9.
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  18. ^ a b McDonnell, Evelyn; Powers, Ann, eds. (1995). "I Moshed At Mich, by Gretchen Phillips". Rock She Wrote: Women Write About Rock, Pop, and Rap (1st ed.). New York: Dell Publishing. p. 80. ISBN 9780385312509. Originally published in The Village Voice, September 6, 1994.
  19. ^ Scauzillo, Retts (2007). "Retts Returns to the Michigan Womyn's Music Festival". About.com. Archived from the original on January 11, 2011. Retrieved February 23, 2012.
  20. ^ a b Taormino, Tristan (September 12, 2000). "Trouble in Utopia". The Village Voice. Archived from the original on 15 January 2009. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
  21. ^ Morris, Bonnie J. (2016). The Disappearing L: Erasure of Lesbian Spaces and Culture (1st ed.). Albany, New York: SUNY Press. p. 101. ISBN 978-1438461779. Archived from the original on February 3, 2023. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  22. ^ a b c Macdonald, Jocelyn (October 24, 2018). "Setting the Record Straight About MichFest". AfterEllen. Archived from the original on December 19, 2018. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
  23. ^ a b c Serano, Julia (2016). Whipping Girl: A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity (Second ed.). Berkeley, California: Seal Press. pp. 233–245. ISBN 978-1580056229. OCLC 920728057.
  24. ^ a b Nancy J. Burkholder (28 April 1993). "MWMF Anti-TS Awareness: 1992 Gender Survey Results (forwarded email message)". Google Groups. Archived from the original on 22 January 2011. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
  25. ^ "InYourFace News Interview with Riki Anne Wilchins". Camp Trans. 25 August 1999. Archived from the original on August 17, 2000. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
  26. ^ a b Press Release (August 22, 2006). "Michigan Womyn's Music Festival Sets the Record "Straight"". Michigan Womyn's Music Festival. Eminism.org. Archived from the original on May 4, 2008. Retrieved February 23, 2008.
  27. ^ Amy R. (June 2005). "Correspondence: 2005-06-13: Amy - Michigan Womyn's Fest Interviews: Interview #3". Indigo Girls. Archived from the original on March 19, 2006.
  28. ^ "Heated debate follows Michigan Fest boycott petition". Windy City Times. April 12, 2013. Archived from the original on April 23, 2013. Retrieved April 27, 2013.
  29. ^ Vogel, Lisa (April 11, 2013). "Letter to the Community". Curve. Archived from the original on September 24, 2013. Retrieved April 27, 2013.
  30. ^ Townsend, Megan (April 5, 2013). "Indigo Girls Speak Out About Anti-Trans Policy at Michigan Womyn's Music Festival". GLAAD. Archived from the original on February 5, 2022. Retrieved Feb 5, 2022.
  31. ^ Mirk, Sarah (October 4, 2013). "Lovers is an Uncool Band". Bitch. Archived from the original on April 14, 2022.
  32. ^ Lovers (May 29, 2013). "As the band, Lovers, we would like to voice our stance". Facebook. Archived from the original on 11 May 2024. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  33. ^ Vogel, Lisa (August 1, 2014). "Michfest Response to Equality Michigan's Call For Boycott". Michigan Womyn's Music Festival. Archived from the original on January 16, 2016.
  34. ^ BTL Staff (August 18, 2014). "Michfest Responds: We Have a Few Demands Of Our Own". Pride Source. Between The Lines. Archived from the original on September 11, 2014. Retrieved August 18, 2014.
  35. ^ Toce, Sarah (April 9, 2015). "NCLR and Task Force remove names from Michfest petition". Windy City Times. Archived from the original on August 26, 2016. Retrieved August 10, 2016.
  36. ^ Heart (June 13, 2007). "The Colonizing of Lesbian and Women's Community: Bitch Performance at Boston Dyke March Canceled by Transgender Activists". Women's Space. Archived from the original on 31 August 2020. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
  37. ^ Seelhoff, Cheryl Lindsey; Leigh, Sue; Rodgers, Melissa; Herold, Steph; Mantilla, Karla (2007). "UNITED STATES: when is a dyke not welcome at a dyke march?". Off Our Backs. 37 (2/3): 6. ISSN 0030-0071. JSTOR 20838797. OCLC 818922538. When her name is Bitch, she's a feminist and she regularly performs at the Michigan Womyn's Music Festival. A statement released by the Boston Dyke March, which recently canceled Bitch's performance, reads in part: "In the week proceeding the Dyke March, members of the Boston queer, genderqueer, and transgender community began contacting the Dyke March Committee, expressing dissatisfaction about the selection of Bitch as a featured performer...By the end of the week, it was obvious that the unhappiness had become widespread and threatened to disrupt the spirit of unity and inclusivity that the Boston Dyke March has enjoyed for so many years...we are committed to listening and responding to the voices of our LGBTQ community members." Evidently this inclusivity and unity does not extend to dykes, even dykes like Bitch who regularly perform at trans-inclusive events and who consistently support transgender activists and causes.
  38. ^ Hill-Meyer, Tobi (May 21, 2010). "Bitch Pulled From Festival Lineup". The Bilerico Project. LGBTQ Nation. Archived from the original on September 27, 2017. Retrieved September 27, 2017.
  39. ^ "Response to the violence against the Butchies and Le Tigre". Eminism.org. October 7, 2001. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
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  41. ^ Cogswell, Kelly (April 29, 2015). "Dyke-Baiting, Trans-Hating, and the MichFest Debacle". Gay City News. Archived from the original on February 22, 2018. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  42. ^ Abbey-Lambertz, Kate (July 29, 2014). "Protests Mount Against Michfest Music Festival That Excludes Trans Women". HuffPost. Archived from the original on January 18, 2022. Retrieved January 17, 2022.
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  49. ^ "Myrna Johnston". myrna johnston audio. 2015. Archived from the original on February 22, 2015.
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  51. ^ "1998 Performance Program". Michigan Womyn's Music Festival. 1998. Archived from the original on June 28, 1998.
  52. ^ "26th Michigan Womyn's Music Festival". Michigan Womyn's Music Festival. 2001. Archived from the original on December 11, 2001.
  53. ^ "2006 Performance Schedule". Michigan's Womyn's Music Festival. 2006. Archived from the original on November 2, 2006.
  54. ^ "Michigan Womyn's Music Festival turns 35". Between the Lines. July 30, 2010. Archived from the original on 11 February 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
  55. ^ "2012 Performance Schedule". Michigan Womyn's Music Festival. 2012. Archived from the original on September 19, 2012.
  56. ^ "2013 Performance Schedule". Michigan Womyn's Music Festival. 2013. Archived from the original on October 15, 2013.
  57. ^ LaCroix, Ethan (April 12, 2010). "We were there: Michigan Womyn's Music Festival Benefit". Time Out New York. Archived from the original on February 21, 2013. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
  58. ^ Schroeder, Stephanie (February 17, 2011). "The Very Best of NYC Music". GO. Archived from the original on 20 April 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
  59. ^ V Kingsley (January 26, 2009). "Half Way to Michfest Parties". Archived from the original on 30 July 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
  60. ^ "We Want the Land Coalition Inc". GuideStar. 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  61. ^ "We Want the Land Coalition". 2019. Archived from the original on 20 August 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
  62. ^ Mary (August 10, 2017). "Saving The Michigan Women's Music Festival Land". The Lesbian Story Project. Archived from the original on 23 May 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
  63. ^ "Support the 'We Want The Land Coalition'!". Epochalips. 21 March 2019. Archived from the original on 23 May 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
  64. ^ "Fern Fest | August 09, 2022 – August 14, 2022". www.michiganfernfest.com. 2022. Archived from the original on May 21, 2022. Retrieved March 24, 2022.

Further reading

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Books and journals
Thesis
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