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Miloš Forman

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Jan Tomáš "Miloš" Forman (/ˈmiːloʊʃ/;[2] Czech: [ˈmɪloʃ ˈforman]; 18 February 1932 – 13 April 2018) was a Czech-American film director, screenwriter, actor, and professor who rose to fame in his native Czechoslovakia before emigrating to the United States in 1968. Throughout Forman's career he won two Academy Awards, a BAFTA Award, three Golden Globe Awards, a Golden Bear, a César Award, and the Czech Lion.[3]

Miloš Forman
Forman in 2009
Born
Jan Tomáš Forman

(1932-02-18)18 February 1932
Čáslav, Czechoslovakia
Died13 April 2018(2018-04-13) (aged 86)
Danbury, Connecticut, US
Citizenship
Occupations
  • Actor
  • director
  • screenwriter
  • professor
Years active1953–2011
Spouses
  • ​
    ​
    (m. 1958; div. 1962)​
  • Věra Křesadlová
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1964; div. 1999)​
  • Martina Zbořilová
    ​
    (m. 1999)​
Children4
Relatives
Signature

Forman was an important figure in the Czechoslovak New Wave. Film scholars and Czechoslovak authorities saw his 1967 film The Firemen's Ball as a biting satire on Eastern European Communism. The film was initially shown in theatres in his home country in the more reformist atmosphere of the Prague Spring. However, it was later banned by the Communist government after the invasion by the Warsaw Pact countries in 1968.[4] Forman was subsequently forced to leave Czechoslovakia for the United States, where he continued making films.[5]

He received two Academy Awards for Best Director for the psychological drama One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975) and the biographical drama Amadeus (1984). During this time, he also directed notable and acclaimed films such as Black Peter (1964), Loves of a Blonde (1965), Hair (1979), Ragtime (1981), Valmont (1989), The People vs. Larry Flynt (1996) and Man on the Moon (1999).

Early life

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Miloš Forman school register 1941. (SOkA Kutná Hora)

Miloš Forman's childhood was marked by the early loss of his parents. His mother, Anna Formanová, was murdered in 1943 in the Auschwitz concentration camp, and his father, Rudolf Forman, in the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp in 1944.[6] Close relatives and friends of his parents raised him. After attending grammar school in Náchod, he went to a boarding school in Poděbrady following the end of the war; among his class-mates were Václav Havel and Jerzy Skolimowski.[7]

Career

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Along with cinematographer Miroslav Ondříček and long-time friend from school Ivan Passer, Forman filmed the silent documentary Semafor about the Semafor theater.[8] Forman's first important production was Audition, a documentary about competing singers.[9] He directed several Czech comedies in Czechoslovakia. He was in Paris negotiating the production of his first American film during the Prague Spring in 1968.[10] His employer, a Czech studio, fired him, so he decided to move to the United States.[11] He moved to New York, where he later became a professor of film at Columbia University in 1978 and co-chair (with his former teacher František Daniel) of Columbia's film department.[10] One of his protégés was future director James Mangold, whom he mentored at Columbia.[12] He regularly collaborated with cinematographer Miroslav Ondříček.[11]

1964–1971

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Black Peter is one of the first and most representative films of the Czechoslovak New Wave. It won the Golden Leopard award at the Locarno International Film Festival. It covers the first few days in the working life of a Czech teenager. In Czechoslovakia in 1964, the aimless Petr (Ladislav Jakim) starts work as a security guard in a busy self-service supermarket; unfortunately, he is so lacking in confidence that even when he sees shoplifters, he cannot bring himself to confront them. He is similarly tongue-tied with the lovely Asa (Pavla Martínková) and during the lectures about personal responsibility and the dignity of labor that his blustering father (Jan Vostrčil) delivers at home. Loves of a Blonde is one of the best–known movies of the Czechoslovak New Wave, and won awards at the Venice and Locarno film festivals. It was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1967.[13]

In 1967, he directed The Firemen's Ball an original Czechoslovak–Italian co-production; this was Forman's first color film. It is one of the best–known movies of the Czechoslovak New Wave. On the face of it a naturalistic representation of an ill-fated social event in a provincial town, the film has been seen by both film scholars and the then-authorities in Czechoslovakia as a biting satire on East European Communism, which resulted in it being banned for many years in Forman's home country.[14] The Czech term zhasnout (to switch lights off), associated with petty theft in the film, was used to describe the large-scale asset stripping that occurred in the country during the 1990s.[11] It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Film.[15]

"When Soviet tanks rumbled into Prague in August 1968, Forman was in Paris negotiating for the production of Taking Off (1971), his first American film. Claiming that he was out of the country illegally, his Czech studio fired him, forcing Forman to emigrate to New York"[16]

The first movie Forman made in the United States, Taking Off, shared the Grand Prix (ex aequo)(second prize)[17] with Johnny Got His Gun at the 1971 Cannes Film Festival.[18] The film starred Lynn Carlin and Buck Henry, and also featured, as Jeannie, Linnea Heacock, discovered, with friends, in Washington Square Park.[19] It was critically panned and left Forman struggling to find work.[9] Forman later said that it did so poorly he ended up owing the studio $500.[10]

1975–1989

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Bo Goldman (left) and Michael Douglas on the set "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest" (1975)

His next film was One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975). Despite the failure of Taking Off, producers Michael Douglas and Saul Zaentz hired him to direct the adaptation of Ken Kesey's cult novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest. Forman later said they hired him because he was in their price range.[10] Starring Jack Nicholson and Louise Fletcher, the adaptation was a critical and commercial success. The film won Oscars in the five most important categories: Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Picture and Best Adapted Screenplay. One of only three films in history to do so (alongside It Happened One Night and The Silence of the Lambs), it firmly established Forman's reputation.[9]

Arthur Knight, film critic of The Hollywood Reporter declared in his review, "With One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, Forman takes his rightful place as one of our most creative young directors. His casting is inspired, his sense of milieu is assured, and he could probably wring Academy Award performances from a stone."[20] The success of One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest allowed Forman to direct his long-planned film version of Hair in 1979, a rock musical based on the Broadway musical by James Rado, Gerome Ragni and Galt MacDermot. The film starred Treat Williams, John Savage and Beverly D'Angelo. It was disowned by the writers of the original musical, and, although it received positive reviews, it did not do well financially.[11]

In 1981, he directed Ragtime, the American drama based on the 1975 historical novel Ragtime by E.L. Doctorow. Forman's next important achievement was Amadeus (1984), an adaptation of Peter Shaffer's play of the same name. Retelling the story of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Antonio Salieri, it starred Tom Hulce, Elizabeth Berridge and F. Murray Abraham. The film was internationally acclaimed and won eight Oscars, including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Actor (for Abraham).[10] Chicago Sun-Times film critic Roger Ebert praised the film, writing: "Amadeus is a magnificent film, full and tender and funny and charming -- and, at the end, sad and angry, too, because in the character of Salieri it has given us a way to understand not only greatness, but our own lack of it".[21]

 
Forman in 2009

Forman's adaptation, Valmont (1989) of Pierre Choderlos de Laclos's novel Les Liaisons dangereuses had its premiere on 17 November 1989. Another film adaptation by Stephen Frears from the same source material had been released the previous year, and overshadowed Forman's adaptation.[10] The film starred Colin Firth, Meg Tilly and Annette Bening.[9] The film received mixed reviews with critic of the Los Angeles Times Sheila Benson, praising its gorgeous costumes, but noting its inferior quality to Dangerous Liaisons. She wrote: "Valmont is gorgeous, and for a while you can coast on its costumes and production details....But to consider Valmont in the light of Baudelaire’s words on Les Liaisons Dangereuses--”This book, if it burns, must burn like ice”—is to see just how far down this ice has been watered."[22]

1996–2006

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The 1996 biographical film, The People vs. Larry Flynt was a portrayal of pornography mogul Larry Flynt who brought Forman another directing Oscar nomination.[3] The film starred Woody Harrelson, Courtney Love, and Edward Norton. Though critically acclaimed, it grossed only $20 million at the box office.[10] The biography, Man on the Moon (1999) was of famous actor and avant-garde comic Andy Kaufman (Jim Carrey, who won a Golden Globe for his performance) premiered on 22 December 1999. The film also starred Danny DeVito, Courtney Love, and Paul Giamatti. Several actors from One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest appeared in the film, including DeVito.

In 2000, Forman performed alongside actor Edward Norton in Norton's directorial debut, Keeping the Faith (2000), as the wise friend to Norton's conflicted priest.[14] This biography of the Spanish painter Francisco Goya (an American-Spanish co-production), Goya's Ghosts premiered on 8 November 2006. The film starred Natalie Portman, Javier Bardem, Stellan Skarsgård and Randy Quaid. It struggled at the box office.[10] The film received mixed reviews with Phillip French of The Guardian lauding it writing "This is a most engaging, thoughtful, beautifully mounted film".[23] However, Kirk Honeycut from The Hollywood Reporter wrote, "In general, the filmmakers failed to make several basic decisions before shooting...[the] Below-the-line credits are terrific, which only increases an overwhelming sense of disappointment with the film’s failed ambitions."[24]

Unfinished projects

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In the late 1950s, Forman and Josef Škvorecký started adapting Škvorecký's short story Eine kleine Jazzmusik for the screen. The script, named Kapela to vyhrála (The Band Won It), tells the story of a student jazz band during the Nazi Occupation of Czechoslovakia. The script was submitted to Barrandov Film Studios. The studio required changes and both artists continued to rewrite the script. Right before the film started shooting, the whole project was completely scrapped, most probably due to intervention from people at the top of the political scene, as Škvorecký had just published his novel The Cowards, which was strongly criticized by communist politicians.[25] The story Eine kleine Jazzmusik was dramatized as a TV film in the 1990s.[26] In the spring and summer of 1968, Škvorecký and Forman cooperated again by jointly writing a script synopsis to make a film version of The Cowards. After Škvorecký fled the Warsaw Pact invasion, the synopsis was translated into English, but no film was made.

In the mid-1960s, Forman, Passer and Papoušek were working on a script about a soldier secretly living in Lucerna Palace in Prague. They got stuck writing the script and went to a village firemen's ball. Inspired by the experience, they decided to cancel the script and write The Firemen's Ball instead.[27]

In early 1970s, Forman worked on a script with Thomas Berger based on his novel Vital Parts.[28]

In the early 1990s, Forman co-wrote a screenplay with Adam Davidson. The screenplay, titled Hell Camp, was about an American-Japanese love affair in the world of sumo wrestlers. The picture was to be funded by TriStar Pictures, and was cancelled just four days before shooting because of the disapproval of the Japan Sumo Association, while Forman refused to make the changes requested by the association.[25]

Forman was hand-picked by writer/producer Michael Crichton to direct Disclosure (1994), but subsequently left the project over creative differences with Crichton.[29]

In 1995, it was announced that Forman would direct a remake of Dodsworth (1936) for Warner Bros. starring Harrison Ford, from a script by Alfred Uhry.[29] It was postponed however, following an injury of Forman's.[30][31]

Around 2000, Forman was in talks to direct a film about the early life of Howard Hughes with screenplay by Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski, and Edward Norton in the role of the eccentric young billionaire.[32]

Around 2001, Forman was set to direct and co-write the comic crime caper Bad News, adapted from the novel by Donald E. Westlake. Forman was co-writing the script with Doug Wright.[33][34] The project never came to fruition.

In the early 2000s, Forman developed a film project to be titled Embers, adapted by Jean-Claude Carrière from Hungarian novelist Sándor Márai’s novel. The film was about two men in the former Austria-Hungary Empire from different social backgrounds who become friends in military school and meet again 41 years later. Forman cast Sean Connery and Klaus Maria Brandauer as well as Winona Ryder. Several months before shooting, Sean Connery and the Italian producer had a disagreement, and Connery withdrew from the project. Forman was so convinced that Sean Connery fit the role that he didn't want to shoot the film without him and cancelled the project a few days before the shooting was due to start.[25]

In the late 2000s, the screenplay for Ghost of Munich was written by Forman, Jean-Claude Carriere and Václav Havel (the former Czech president and writer, who had studied at school with Forman), inspired by the novel by the French novelist Georges-Marc Benamou. The story takes a closer look at the events that surrounded the Munich Agreement. The role of the French Prime Minister Édouard Daladier was supposed to have been played by the French actor Mathieu Amalric, with his older self played by Gérard Depardieu. However, the production company Pathé was not able to fund the project.[25]

Personal life

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Forman gave his 18-year-old sister-in-law Hana Brejchová her first film role in Loves of a Blonde, which earned her third place in the Best Actress category at the Venice Film Festival.[35]

Forman was born in Čáslav, Czechoslovakia (now the Czech Republic) to Anna Švábová Forman who ran a summer hotel. When young, he believed his biological father to be professor Rudolf Forman.[36] His parents attended a Protestant church.[37] During the Nazi occupation, Rudolf Forman, a member of the resistance,[38] was arrested for distributing banned books, and reportedly died from typhus[39] in Mittelbau-Dora, a subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp in May 1944.[40][41][42] Another version has it that he died in Mittelbau-Dora during interrogation. Forman's mother had been murdered in Auschwitz in March the previous year.[43][44] Forman said that he did not fully understand what had happened to them until he saw footage of the concentration camps when he was 16.[42]

Forman was subsequently raised by two uncles and by family friends.[45] His older brother Pavel was a painter twelve years his senior, and he emigrated to Australia after the 1968 invasion of Czechoslovakia.[8] Forman later discovered that his biological father was in fact the Jewish architect Otto Kohn, a survivor of the Holocaust,[44][46] and Forman was thus a half-brother of mathematician Joseph J. Kohn.[8]

In his youth, Forman wanted to become a theatrical producer. After the war, he attended the King George boarding school in Poděbrady, where his fellow students included Václav Havel, the Mašín brothers, and future film-makers Ivan Passer and Jerzy Skolimowski.[47] He later studied screenwriting at the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague. He was assistant of Alfréd Radok, creator of Laterna Magika. Along with fellow filmmaker and friend Passer, he left Europe for the United States during the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in summer 1968.[48]

Forman's first wife was Czech movie star Jana Brejchová. They met while making Štěňata (1957). They divorced in 1962. Forman had twin sons with his second wife Czech actress and singer Věra Křesadlová [cs]. They separated in 1969. Their sons Petr [cs] and Matěj [cs] (b. 1964) are both involved in the theatre. Forman married Martina Zbořilová [cs] on 28 November 1999, and they also had twin sons Jim and Andy (born 1999).[10]

Forman was professor emeritus of film at Columbia University.[49] In 1996, asteroid 11333 Forman was named after him.[11] He wrote poems and published the autobiography Turnaround in 1994.[11] After a short illness, he died at Danbury Hospital near his home in Warren, Connecticut on 13 April 2018 at age 86.[50][51][52][53] He is interred at New Warren Cemetery in Warren, Connecticut.

Work

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Film

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Year English title[54] Director Writer Original title Ref.
1955 Leave It to Me No Yes Nechte to na mně [55]
1964 Black Peter Yes Yes Černý Petr [56]
1964 Audition Yes Yes Konkurz [56]
1965 Loves of a Blonde Yes Yes Lásky jedné plavovlásky [56]
1967 The Firemen's Ball Yes Yes Hoří, má panenko [57]
1971 Taking Off Yes Yes [56]
1975 One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest Yes No [56]
1979 Hair Yes No [56]
1981 Ragtime Yes No [56]
1984 Amadeus Yes No [56]
1989 Valmont Yes Yes [56]
1996 The People vs. Larry Flynt Yes No [56]
1999 Man on the Moon Yes No [56]
2006 Goya's Ghosts Yes Yes [56]

Documentary

Year English title[54] Director Writer Original title Ref.
1960 Magic Lantern II Yes Yes
1964 If Only They Ain't Had Them Bands Yes Yes Kdyby ty muziky nebyly [58]
Audition Yes Yes Konkurs [56]
1973 Visions of Eight Yes No Segment: "The Decathlon" [56]

Short Films

Year English title[54] Director Writer Original title Ref.
1971 I Miss Sonia Henie Yes No Short film [59]

Television

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Year English title[54] Director Writer Original title Ref.
1966 A well paid walk Yes No Dobře placená procházka [60]

Acting credits

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Year Film[54] Role Ref.
1953 Slovo dělá ženu (A Woman as Good as Her Word) Young Worker [55]
1954 Stříbrný vítr (Silver wind) dustojník u Stanku [55]
1986 Heartburn Dmitri [56]
1989 New Year's Day Lazlo [56]
2000 Keeping the Faith Father Havel [56]
2008 Chelsea on the Rocks Himself [56]
2009 Peklo s princeznou (Hell with a Princess) Erlebub [55]
2011 Beloved (Les Bien-aimés) Jaromil [56]

Theatre

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Year Title[54] Director Writer Ref.
1958 Laterna magika No Yes [61]
1960 Laterna magika II No Yes [61]
1972 The Little Black Book Yes No [61]
2007 A Walk Worthwhile Yes No [61]

Awards and nominations

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Throughout Forman's career he won two Academy Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, Grand Prix at the Cannes Film Festival, Golden Bear at the Berlin Film Festival, a BAFTA Award, a César Award, and the Czech Lion.[3]

Year Award Category Title Result Ref.
1976 Academy Awards Best Director One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest Won [14]
1985 Amadeus Won [14]
1997 The People vs. Larry Flynt Nominated [14]
1972 British Academy Film Awards Best Direction Taking Off Nominated [62]
Best Film Nominated [62]
Best Screenplay Nominated [62]
1977 Best Direction One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest Won [62]
1986 Best Film Amadeus Nominated [62]
1976 Golden Globe Awards Best Director One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest Won [63]
1982 Ragtime Nominated [63]
1985 Amadeus Won [63]
1997 The People vs. Larry Flynt Won [63]
1971 Cannes Film Festival Grand Prix Taking Off Won [64]
Palme d'Or Nominated [64]
1997 Berlin International Film Festival Golden Berlin Bear The People vs. Larry Flynt Won [65]
2000 Man on the Moon Nominated [66]
Silver Bear for Best Director Won [66]
1977 César Awards Best Foreign Film One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest Nominated [67]
1980 Hair Nominated [67]
1985 Amadeus Won [67]
1990 Best Director Valmont Nominated [67]
1976 David di Donatello Awards Best Foreign Director One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest Won [68]
1980 Hair Won [69]
1985 Amadeus Won [70]
Best Foreign Film Won [70]

Honours and legacy

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In 1977, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States.[9] In 1985, he headed the Cannes Film Festival and in 2000 did the same for the Venice Film Festival.[14] He presided over a César Award ceremony in 1988.[71] In April 2007, he took part in the jazz opera Dobře placená procházka, itself a remake of the TV film he made in 1966.[60] It premiered at the Prague National Theatre, directed by Forman's son, Petr Forman.[60] Named 30th greatest Czech by Největší Čech[72] Forman's films One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest and Amadeus were selected for the National Film Registry as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" in 1993 and 2019 respectively[73]

Awards and nominations received by Forman's films
Year Title Academy Awards BAFTA Awards Golden Globe Awards
Nominations Wins Nominations Wins Nominations Wins
1965 Loves of a Blonde 1 1
1967 The Firemen's Ball 1
1971 Taking Off 6
1973 Visions of Eight 1 1
1975 One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest 9 5 10 6 6 6
1979 Hair 2
1981 Ragtime 8 1 7
1984 Amadeus 11 8 9 4 6 4
1989 Valmont 1 1
1996 The People vs. Larry Flynt 2 5 2
1999 Man on the Moon 2 1
Total 33 13 27 10 30 14

See also

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References

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The Milos Forman Stories von Antonin J. Liehm (ISBN 978-1-138-65829-5)

  1. ^ "Formanová: Z dědových filmů mám nejradši Přelet nad kukaččím hnízdem". iDNES.cz. 1 June 2018. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  2. ^ "Say How: F". National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
  3. ^ a b c List of Milos Forman nominations Archived 11 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Awardsdatabase.oscars.org (29 January 2010). Retrieved on 23 June 2011.
  4. ^ Hoberman, J. "The Firemen's Ball". The Criterion Collection. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  5. ^ "Milos Forman's Filmmaker Pal Recalls Their Dramatic Czech Escape". Variety. 27 June 2018. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  6. ^ Eintrag Rudolf Forman im Gedenkbuch KZ Mittelbau-Dora
  7. ^ Náchod to krásné město Kostelec. Náchod 2004, ISBN 80-85274-30-2, p. 119.
  8. ^ a b c "The Story of Famed Czech Director Miloš Forman". Cityspy. 28 August 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  9. ^ a b c d e "The Story of Famed Czech Director Miloš Forman (Part II)". CitySpy. 6 September 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i Cieply, Michael (14 April 2018). "Milos Forman, Oscar-Winning Director of 'One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest', Dies at 86". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  11. ^ a b c d e f "Milos Forman's Masterclass". Grapevine. 6 October 2009. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  12. ^ "A Visit to James Mangold's Office". Criterion.com. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  13. ^ "The 39th Academy Awards (1967) Nominees and Winners". oscars.org. Retrieved 9 November 2011.
  14. ^ a b c d e f "Milos Forman, Oscar-Winning Director of 'One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest,' Dies at 86". Variety. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  15. ^ "The 41st Academy Awards (1969) Nominees and Winners". oscars.org. Retrieved 15 November 2011.
  16. ^ cofresi, diana (12 December 2003). "Milos Forman ~ About Milos Forman". American Masters. PBS. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
  17. ^ "TAKING OFF". Festival de Cannes. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  18. ^ "Festival de Cannes: Taking Off". festival-cannes.com. Retrieved 13 April 2009.
  19. ^ Horwitz, Jonah. "TAKING OFF: Forman's First American Film (and Last Czech Film ?)". Cinematheque. cinema.wisc.edu. Retrieved 23 October 2023. This essay on Miloš Forman's Taking Off (1971) was written by Jonah Horwitz, Ph.D Candidate in the Communication Arts Department at UW Madison. A 35mm print of Taking Off, part of our "Universal '71" series, will screen on Sunday, April 5, at 2 p.m., in the Chazen Museum of Art.
  20. ^ "'One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest': THR's 1975 Review". The Hollywood Reporter. 19 November 2018. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  21. ^ "Amadeus - Movie Review". Rogerebert.com. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  22. ^ "MOVIE REVIEW : 'Valmont': A Not So Dangerous 'Liaisons'". Los Angeles Times. 17 November 1989. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  23. ^ French, Philip (5 May 2007). "Review Goya's Ghosts". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  24. ^ "Goya's Ghosts". The Hollywood Reporter. 19 July 2007. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  25. ^ a b c d "Unrealized Projects :: Miloš Forman". milosforman.com.
  26. ^ ČSFD: Eine kleine Jazzmusik (TV film)
  27. ^ "Hoří, má panenko :: Miloš Forman". milosforman.com. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  28. ^ "Vital parts : carbon copy of a typescript with autograph corrections, signed / screenplay by Miloš Forman and Thomas Berger". The Morgan Library & Museum. 25 July 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  29. ^ a b Variety Staff (29 May 1995). "MILOS FORMAN BACK IN BIZ WITH FLYNT PIC". Variety. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  30. ^ Variety Staff (5 February 1995). "A Milos Mishap". Variety. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
  31. ^ Archerd, Army (16 October 1995). "Linden returns to tuners with 'Dodsworth'". Variety. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  32. ^ McDougal, Dennis (9 January 2005). "A Movie Story as Elusive as Its Main Character". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  33. ^ Harris, Dana (18 September 2001). "Warner makes 'News'". Variety. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
  34. ^ Brodesser, Claude; McNary, Dave (8 April 2002). "Regency, Fox nearing 'News'". Variety. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
  35. ^ "Hana Brejchová". Česko-Slovenská filmová databáze. POMO Media Group. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
  36. ^ Milos Forman biography; filmreference.com; retrieved 23 June 2011.
  37. ^ New York Times Obituary, April 14, 2018
  38. ^ Flemr, Jan (14 April 2018). "Milos Forman, from orphan of Nazi camps to Oscar-winning director". Times of Israel. AFP., April 14, 2018
  39. ^ Conf. scan of document from the Arolsen Archives where the words "Fleckfieber" (German for typhus) and apparently "Dora Hosp." are mentioned
  40. ^ See entry Rudolf Forman in the memorial book of the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp
  41. ^ See (untick the "Include synonym" box) documents on Rudolf Forman, prisoner number 16209, from his detention and death in Buchenwald in the Arolsen Archives
  42. ^ a b Wakeman, John. World Film Directors, Volume 2. H. W. Wilson Company. 1988. 349–356.
  43. ^ She can be found as Anna Forman at the link (Information on Auschwitz Prisoners); her prisoner number seems to be unknown
  44. ^ a b Tugend, Tom. (19 July 2007) Milos Forman directs Natalie Portman in 'Goya's Ghosts'—film melds art tour and history | Arts. Jewish Journal. Retrieved on 23 June 2011.
  45. ^ Milos Forman Biography, Britannica.com, 14 February 2018; retrieved 25 February 2018.
  46. ^ Turnaround Review – Milos Forman – Salem on Literature. Enotes.com. Retrieved on 23 June 2011.
  47. ^ I Had a Wild Life. The Guardian; retrieved 23 June 2011.
  48. ^ Penner, John (13 December 2019). "Milos Forman, Ivan Passer and their 73-year friendship: Childhood, escaping Czechoslovakia and conquering Hollywood". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  49. ^ Milos Forman page at Columbia University. Directory.columbia.edu; retrieved 23 June 2011.
  50. ^ "Forman, Oscar-winning director of 'Cuckoo's Nest' and 'Amadeus', dies at 86". Reuters. 14 April 2018. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  51. ^ "Milos Forman, Oscar-winning director, dies at 86". The Boston Globe. 14 April 2018. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  52. ^ Piccalo, Gina (14 April 2018). "Miloš Forman, Oscar-winning Czech director of 'One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest,' dies at 86". Los Angeles Times.
  53. ^ "Forman, Oscar-winning director of "Cuckoo's Nest" and "Amadeus",..." Reuters. 14 April 2018. Archived from the original on 7 December 2018 – via uk.reuters.com.
  54. ^ a b c d e f "Miloš Forman". Česko-Slovenská filmová databáze. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  55. ^ a b c d "Filmography". MilosForman.com. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  56. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "Milos Forman". BFI. Archived from the original on 31 March 2016. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  57. ^ "Festival de Cannes: The Fireman's Ball". festival-cannes.com. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  58. ^ "Kdyby ty muziky nebyly". Zurich Film Festival. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  59. ^ "I Miss Sonia Henie". MilosForman.com. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  60. ^ a b c "A Walk Worthwhile". MilosForman.com. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  61. ^ a b c d "Theatre Projects". MilosForman.com. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  62. ^ a b c d e "BAFTA Awards Search". BAFTA. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  63. ^ a b c d "Milos Forman". Golden Globes. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  64. ^ a b "Milos FORMAN -Festival de Cannes 2018". Cannes Festival. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  65. ^ "Berlinale: 1997 Prize Winners". berlinale.de. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
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  78. ^ "University Commencement, Morningside Campus". columbia.edu. Archived from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
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