Minnesela (Lakota: mni šeyéla;[2] "red water") is a ghost town and was the first settlement in and county seat of Butte County, South Dakota, United States. Minnesela was founded in 1882 and was located three miles southeast of present-day Belle Fourche.[3] The railroad's decision to bypass Minnesela and to continue on to Belle Fourche in 1890 caused the town to be abandoned by 1901.
Minnesela | |
|---|---|
 Minnesela in 1890 | |
  Minnesela Location of Minnesela within South Dakota.  Minnesela Minnesela (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 44°38′30″N 103°51′32″W / 44.6416511°N 103.8588148°W[1] | |
| Country | United States |
| State | South Dakota |
| County | Butte |
| First settled | 1876 |
| Founded | 1882 |
| Disbanded | 1901 |
| Named for | Lakota: "red waters" |
| Elevation | 3,173 ft (967 m) |
| Population (2010) | |
• Total | 0 |
| Demonym | Minneselans |
| Time zone | UTC-7 (MST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-6 (MDT) |
| GNIS feature ID | 1173792 |
History
editSettlement and founding
editIn 1876, American pioneer John T. "Buckskin Johnny" Spaulding and his brother-in-law Thomas J. Davis built the first home, a two-story log cabin, two and a half miles southeast of present-day Belle Fourche.[3][4] It was constructed from logs felled in the Black Hills between Crook City and Deadwood; the logs were then hauled to the site. The house was made up of a living room, parlor, kitchen, children's room, and a main bedroom.
This cabin housed Spaulding; Davis; Davis's wife, Lucinda; and the Davis' children.[4] During the next five years, homesteaders gradually settled the area.[3] After Spaulding left, his cabin was used by many settlers in the area until the late 1930s.[4] Minnesela was plotted in 1881 by D. T. Harrison and Azby Chouteau.[5] In early 1882, after the population of the area reached 100, the community decided to build the town on the east bank of Redwater River, at a location one-half mile south of Spaulding's cabin.[6]
Growth
editIn 1882, Minnesela became the county seat of Butte County.[6] The town flourished, and by 1883, its residents had built a post office,[5] two saloons, about six stores, Commercial Club, school, Methodist church,[7] bank, hotel, and flour mill.[6] The school was built from the Minnesela jail.[5] Minnesela had two newspapers, one of which was known as the Butte County Star.[7] The cemetery, which has 102 interments, was created in 1887 to the north of the town.
Because it was then the only town on the prairies just north of the Black Hills, Minnesela was an ideal place for a trade center. Minneselans called their town "the future metropolis of the Black Hills and the midland city of the United States" and the "coming Chicago of the Midwest."[5]
Decline and disband
editSeth Bullock and his business partner, Sol Star, moved into the area and built the SB Ranch at the confluence of the Redwater River and the Belle Fourche River in 1879. This ranch grew to become famous throughout the West for its thoroughbred trotting horse breeding, and in the spring of 1881, Bullock planted the first crop of alfalfa in the Western United States. In 1884, the Marquis de Mores created a stage line in order to connect Deadwood, South Dakota to the Northern Pacific Railroad, which passed through Medora, North Dakota.[3] A few shacks,[6] a stage barn, and a saloon were set up on the SB Ranch. The stage line failed after only a few trips, and the line shut down; however, the saloon remained open, to the disapproval of many Minneselan women.[3] The last building on the De Mores station site burned down in 1888.[6] Minnesela experienced severe winter weather; the snow sometimes covered windows 2-stories high.[5] In 1886, a hot, dry summer and a powerful winter blizzard destroyed farmers' crops and ranchers' livestock. By 1887, the Minneselans had turned to the Fremont, Elkhorn, and Missouri Valley Railroad for expansion.
In 1890, the railroad began laying track north of Whitewood, South Dakota. Minnesela expanded its town site in preparation for the arrival of the railroad, with new land ready for purchase. The new board of trade (established before the Chamber of Commerce) asked Bullock to negotiate with the railroad company on their behalf, to which he agreed.[3] At the meeting, railroad owners said that they wanted donated land and preferred an 80-acre spot south of Minnesela that was open for filing. Resident Douglas Sayre left the meeting and went to Rapid City's land office on his fastest horse. After the meeting, railway right-of-way man T. G. Carter took a locomotive from Whitewood to Rapid City. Carter met Sayre in the land office and offered Sayre $500 for the land; instead, Sayre laughed and said that his price for the "Golden 80" was climbing over $5,000. By the time Sayre raised it to $10,000, there were no takers.[3]
Seth Bullock donated a large amount of land on his ranch to allow the train depot to be built on the former site of the De Mores Station.[8] On August 14, 1890, the last rail between Whitewood and the Middle Creek stockyards was laid, and the railroad began shipping livestock. Belle Fourche was founded on May 1, 1891.[6] Bullock offered free land to Minneselans and their businesses. Despite the hostility between the two towns' residents,[9] most people accepted, and Belle Fourche grew rapidly.[8] One of the first buildings to move was the Butte County Bank.[3] In 1894, the two towns competed for the county seat. Belle Fourche offered to build a courthouse for free and collected over 100 outside voters. They kept some voters in the town by giving them work; others were kept in town by the saloons.[6] Through this strategy, Belle Fourche won the election for the county seat.[8] In celebration, a group of cowboys rode to Minnesela and stole the county books.[10] The Belle Fourche sheriff returned the books until an official transfer could be made.[6] By 1901, Minnesela was a ghost town.[3]
Later history and today
editIn 1957, the town's flour mill was torn down. In 1960, Spaulding's cabin was donated to the Tri-State Museum in Belle Fourche. The house was then remodeled by the Lions Club, and in 2006, the house was moved to the Tri-State Museum. The house was again remodeled in the spring of 2007, and the cabin opened to the public on June 14, 2007.[4]
The Minnesela Hotel is the only building still standing.[8] The townsite is now a small farming community just outside Belle Fourche.[5] In 1999, a sign was placed by the Butte County Historical Society on the former spot of the Minneselan post office and store.[3]
Geography
editMinnesela is located on the Great Plains, approximately three miles southeast of Belle Fourche, Butte County, South Dakota.[6] It is about 10 miles north of the Black Hills. The town was located on the banks of the Lower Redwater River, over which the Minnesela Bridge crosses.[3]
Demographics
editIn 1882, about 100 people were living in Minnesela.[6] The town began its steady population decline in 1891, and by 1901, the town was abandoned.[3]
References
edit- ^ a b "Township of Minnesela". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. September 23, 1986. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
- ^ Bright, William (2004). Native American Placenames of the United States. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. p. 287.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Minnesela, SD USA". Waymarking. February 5, 2007. Retrieved July 22, 2013.
- ^ a b c d "Johnny Spaulding Cabin". Tri-State Museum. Tri-State Museum, Belle Fourche, SD. 2008. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f Benedict Richards, Marjorie (1972). Minnesela: The City That Never Happened. Spearfish, SD: Northern Hills Publishing.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Lucca, Marion (July 24, 1993). "Things you thought you knew about Belle Fourche... but didn't". Belle Fourche Post & Bee. Belle Fourche, SD: Rapid City Journal.
- ^ a b Parker, Watson; Lambert, Hugh K. (1974). Black Hills Ghost Towns (1st ed.). Chicago, IL: The Swallow Press. p. 136.
- ^ a b c d "The Tale of Two Towns". Deadwood Magazine. Deadwood, SD. Winter 2000–2001. Archived from the original on May 12, 2008. Retrieved April 3, 2008.
- ^ "History of Belle Fourche". Tri-State Museum. Tri-State Museum in Belle Fourche, SD. 2008. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
- ^ Swisher, Kaija (April 5, 2013). "Gateway to the Northern Black Hills". Black Hills Pioneer. Spearfish, SD: Black Hills Pioneer (published April 3, 2013). Retrieved January 15, 2014.