HRH Princess Mishaal bint Fahd Al Saud (1958 – 15 July 1977; Arabic: الأميرة مشاعل بنت فهد بن محمد بن عبدالعزيز آل سعود) was a member of the House of Saud who was executed by shooting[1] for committing adultery[2] in 1977, at the age of 19. She was a daughter of Prince Fahd bin Muhammad and a granddaughter of Prince Muhammad bin Abdulaziz, a son of King Abdulaziz of Saudi Arabia and the older and only full brother of King Khalid.
| Mishaal bint Fahd Al Saud | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Born | 1958 | ||||
| Died | 15 July 1977 (aged 18–19) Jeddah, Saudi Arabia | ||||
| |||||
| House | House of Saud | ||||
| Father | Fahd bin Muhammad bin Abdulaziz Al Saud | ||||
Background
editPrincess Mishaal's family sent her, at her own request, to Beirut, Lebanon, to attend school. While there, she fell in love with a man, Khaled al Sha'er Muhalhal, the nephew of Ali Hassan al Shaer, the Saudi ambassador in Lebanon, and they began an affair. Upon their return to Saudi Arabia, it emerged that they had conspired to meet alone on several occasions and a charge of adultery was brought against them. She attempted to fake her own drowning[3] and was caught trying to escape from Saudi Arabia with Khaled. Although the Princess was disguised as a man, she was recognized by a passport examiner at Jeddah airport.[4] She was subsequently returned to her family.[5] Under the Sharia law current in Saudi Arabia, a person can be convicted of adultery only by the testimony of four adult male witnesses to the act of sexual penetration, or by their own admission of guilt, stating four times in court "I have committed adultery."[citation needed] Her family urged her not to confess but instead merely to promise never to see her lover again. On her return to the courtroom, she repeated her confession: "I have committed adultery. I have committed adultery. I have committed adultery. I have committed adultery."
Execution
editOn 15 July 1977, both Mishaal and Khaled were publicly executed in Jeddah by the side of the Queen's Building in the park. She was blindfolded, made to kneel, and executed on the explicit instructions of her grandfather,[6][7] a senior member of the royal family, for the dishonor that she had brought on her clan.[6][8] Khaled, after being forced to watch her execution, was beheaded with a sword by, it is believed, one of the princess's male relatives rather than by a professional executioner. Severing his head took five blows.[4][9] Both executions were conducted near the palace in Jeddah, not in Deera Square, the historic site where those sentenced to death in Saudi Arabia are publicly executed.[10]
Death of a Princess documentary
editIndependent film producer Antony Thomas came to Saudi Arabia and interviewed numerous people about the princess' story. He was met by conflicting stories, which later became the subject matter of a British documentary, Death of a Princess. The film was scheduled to show on 9 April 1980 on the ITV television network and then a month later on the public television network PBS in the United States. Both broadcasts were met with livid protests followed by strong diplomatic, economic and political pressure from the Saudis to cancel these broadcasts. After having failed to get the British broadcast cancelled, King Khalid expelled the British ambassador from Saudi Arabia.[11]
In May 1980, attention then shifted to PBS where their officials endured a month of mounting pressure from corporations and politicians. A major PBS sponsor, the Mobil Oil Corporation, took out a full-page ad in The New York Times op-ed page opposing the film and declaring it jeopardized U.S.-Saudi relations. After some stalling, it was eventually broadcast by the PBS program World in most of the US on 12 May 1980, although some PBS stations did not do so. For example, in South Carolina, the PBS affiliate cancelled broadcast of the film, a decision influenced by fact that the then US Ambassador to Saudi Arabia, John C. West, had formerly been the state's governor.[12] In 2005, PBS aired Death of a Princess on Frontline, the successor to World, to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the original broadcast.
King Khalid was said to have offered $11 million to the network to suppress the film.[6]
According to director Antony Thomas, there was no trial or official execution:[2]
It wasn't a trial. She wasn't even executed in the Square of Justice. She was just executed in a car park. I've witnessed executions in Saudi Arabia, I'm afraid. They're always done in a special square. This wasn't even done there. It wasn't done with an official executioner, not that that would make it any worse or any better. But this was not following the process of any law.
David Fanning, co-writer and executive producer of Death of a Princess, added:
The difference between the official version, which was the girl was killed because she was found guilty of adultery, and the truth of it, which turns out that she was, in fact, executed by the king's elder brother in an act of tribal vengeance in a parking lot in Jeddah, was, in fact, the heart of the controversy because that was the part that, of course, the royal family could not countenance. And that was the great outrage.
Thomas stated that the killing was "about honor" instead of being based in Islamic law.[13] Raza Ali Sayeed of Dawn wrote that "it’s probable" that her death occurred "for simply bringing dishonor to the family".[14] Lora Wildenthal, author of The Language of Human Rights in West Germany, described the event as an honor killing.[15]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Fate of another royal found guilty of adultery". The Independent. 20 July 2009. Archived from the original on 15 May 2022.
- ^ a b "A Talk With Antony Thomas - Death of A Princess". Frontline. PBS. Archived from the original on 8 July 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
- ^ Laffin, John (1979). The dagger of Islam. Sphere. p. 48. ISBN 9780722153697. Archived from the original on 3 August 2024. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
- ^ a b Laube, Lydia (1991). Behind the Veil: An Australian Nurse in Saudi Arabia. Wakefield Press. p. 156. ISBN 9781862542679. Archived from the original on 3 August 2024. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
- ^ Niblock, Tim (2015). State, Society, and Economy in Saudi Arabia. Routledge. ISBN 9781317539964. Archived from the original on 3 August 2024. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
- ^ a b c Hays, Constance L. (26 November 1988). "Mohammed of Saudi Arabia Dies; Warrior and King-Maker Was 80". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2017.
- ^ Brenchley, Frank (1 January 1989). Britain and the Middle East: Economic History, 1945-87. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 9781870915076 – via Google Books.
- ^ El-Ghonemy, Mohamad Riad (1 January 1998). Affluence and Poverty in the Middle East. Routledge. ISBN 9780415100335. Archived from the original on 3 August 2024. Retrieved 17 November 2020 – via Google Books.
- ^ Weston, Mark (28 July 2008). Prophets and Princes: Saudi Arabia from Muhammad to the Present. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780470182574. Archived from the original on 3 August 2024. Retrieved 17 November 2020 – via Google Books.
- ^ Leung, Rebecca (6 May 2005). "Saudi Justice?". CBS News. Archived from the original on 9 January 2015. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
- ^ Dixon, Cyril (21 July 2009). "Britain saves princess faced death by stoning". Express. Archived from the original on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 29 July 2010.
- ^ "South Carolina public TV cancels 'Death of Princess'". Wilmington Morning Star. 4 May 1980. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2016.
- ^ "Interview Antony Thomas". Frontline. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
- ^ Raza Ali Sayeed (5 October 2012). "Weekly Classics: Death of a princess". Dawn. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
- ^ Wildenthal, Lora (15 October 2012). The Language of Human Rights in West Germany. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 243. ISBN 9780812207293.
Further reading
edit- "Princess executed for eloping". The Observer. 22 January 1978 – via Cambridge Clarion.