Mary "Moll" Davis (c. 1648 – 1708), also spelt Davies or Davys, was a courtesan and mistress of King Charles II of England. She was an actress and entertainer before and during her role as royal mistress.
Moll Davis | |
|---|---|
 Portrait after Sir Peter Lely | |
| Born | c. 1648 Westminster, London, England |
| Died | 1708 London, England |
| Burial place | St Anne's Church, Soho, London |
| Occupations |
|
| Spouse | |
| Children | Mary, Countess of Derwentwater |
Early life
editMary Davis was born in Westminster, as a presumed illegitimate child of Thomas Howard, 3rd Earl of Berkshire. The eminent diarist Samuel Pepys wrote of Mary as "… a bastard of Collonell Howard, my Lord Barkeshire."[1] Her parentage is also attributed to Thomas' elder brother Charles Howard.[2] Mary's birth date is often contradicted,[who?] though it is believed to be around 1648.[citation needed]
In 1663 Mary had installed herself as an actress in the Duke's Theatre Company and boarded with the company's manager, Sir William Davenant.[3] There she quickly became a popular singer, dancer and comedian,[4] and began using the name "Moll". Although Samuel Pepys wrote good tidings about Moll,[5][6][7] his wife Elisabeth claimed her to be "the most impertinent slut in the world".[7]
Royal mistress
edit
Moll had met King Charles II in a theatre or a coffeehouse in 1667,[citation needed] and soon became his mistress—for her beauty and charm.[citation needed] As a mistress, she was said to have flaunted the wealth she acquired from her association with Charles and gained a reputation for vulgarity and greed.[8] She showed off her "mighty pretty fine coach"[9] and a ring worth £600.[8] Moll left the stage in 1668.
Fall from affection and exile
editIn 1669 Moll gave birth to a daughter, whom she named Mary. The father was King Charles himself. Shortly after the birth of the child, Charles dismissed Moll, possibly due to some chicanery caused by Nell Gwyn; a new rival for the king's affection.[8] Nell Gwyn and Moll Davis were such rivals for the king's affection that Nell was said to have purposely dropped a powerful laxative into food Moll was to eat before she was to leave for the king's chamber.[8]
Moll, however, did not leave empty-handed: Charles awarded her an annual pension for life of £1,000. In January 1667–68, Pepys notes that the king had furnished a house specifically for Moll Davis, stating, "… in Suffolke Street most richly, which is a most infinite shame."[7] At the time this street belonged to a certain James Howard, 3rd Earl of Suffolk, a nephew of Thomas Howard, the presumed father of Moll. She is given in the home rate books of 1672-3 but not earlier.[10]
As a celebrated actress and society lady, she was the subject of many portraits by the preeminent artist Sir Peter Lely.[11]
House in St James's Square
editIn October 1673 Moll Davis bought a new house in St James's Square, paying £1800.[12] Moll, listed as "Madam Davis", first appears in the ratebook for the year 1675 and lastly appears in 1687.[12] This house (which was surveyed by John Soane in 1799) was almost square and had three storeys, each with four evenly spaced windows, all dressed with a wide architrave and cornice.[12] The staircase hall was south of a large room in front, and two smaller rooms and a secondary staircase at the rear. There was a massive cross-wall, containing a few fireplaces.[12] It would now have been Number 22, St James's Square, if it had survived.[12] It was demolished in 1847 to make way for a new club house for the Army and Navy Club, having survived longer than any other of the other original houses in the square.[12]
Marriage
editIn December 1686, Moll married the French musician and composer James Paisible—a member of James II's private musick. Sir George Etherege wrote scornfully of the marriage: "Mrs Davies has given proof of the great passion she always had for music, and Monsieur Peasible has another bass to thrum than that he played so well upon."[13]
The Paisibles joined James' court in exile at St Germain-en-Laye, but in 1693 returned to England, where Paisible became a composer to Prince George of Denmark, the husband of Princess Anne, heir to the throne.[14]
Death
editMoll died in London, at her home in Dean Street, in 1708. She was buried at St Anne's Church in Soho, on 24 February.
Moll's daughter, Mary, earned through marriage to Edward Radclyffe, 2nd Earl of Derwentwater the title of Countess, and became an actress herself.[15]
References
edit
- ^ Pepys 1955, pp. 9–24
- ^ "Mary Davies". Chantry Fine Arts.
- ^ Olive Baldwin and Thelma Wilson, Davis [Davies; married name Paisible], Mary [Moll] (c.1651–1708), actress and royal mistress in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press, 2004)
- ^ Baldwin, Olive; Wilson, Thelma (2001). Davis [Davies, Davys], Mary. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.07309.
- ^ "Samuel Pepys and the First Actresses". www.rmg.co.uk. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
- ^ Pepys, Samuel. The Diary of Samuel Pepys Part 2. ISBN 1-85998-037-6. OCLC 655643848.
- ^ a b c Samuel Pepys Diary 1668 – complete
- ^ a b c d The Mistresses of Charles II: by Brenda Ralph Lewis Archived 27 January 2006 at the Wayback Machine at Britannia.com
- ^ Samuel Pepys Diary February 1669
- ^ 'Suffolk Street and Suffolk Place', Survey of London: volume 20: St Martin-in-the-Fields, pt III: Trafalgar Square & Neighbourhood (1940), pp. 89–94. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=68418 Date. Retrieved 26 May 2010.
- ^ "Madame Davis". Grosvenor Prints.
- ^ a b c d e f 'St James's Square: Army and Navy Club', in Survey of London, volumes 29 and 30 (St James Westminster, Part 1 (1960) pp. 180–186, online at St James's Square: Army and Navy Club at british-history.ac.uk(accessed 18 January 2008)
- ^ Etherege, Sir George, Letters of Sir George Etherege, ed. Bracher, p. 118
- ^ Lasocki, David, Paisible, James [Jacques] (c.1656–1721), composer and recorder player in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (OUP, 2004)
- ^ Urban, Sylvanus (1794). The Gentleman's Magazine: And Historical Chronicle For The Year MDCCXCIV (1794). Vol. LXIV (64). London (Church Yard, Ludgate-Street): Arkose Press. p. 889.