Monroe Bowers Morton, nicknamed Pink Morton (July 31, 1856 – February 12, 1919) was a prominent building owner, publisher, building contractor, developer, and postmaster in late 19th-century Georgia. An African American, he lived most of his life in Athens, Georgia, where he published a newspaper and built the Morton Building. The building included the Morton Theatre on its upper floors, a vaudeville venue, and offices for African-American professionals including doctors and druggists (pharmacists) on its ground floor. Occupants included Dr. Ida Mae Johnson Hiram, the first Black woman to be licensed to practice medicine (dentistry) in the state, and Dr. William H. Harris, one of the founders of the Georgia State Medical Association of Colored Physicians, Dentists and Druggists.
Early life
editMorton's mother, a former slave, was half white and half black. His father was white. He was called Pink because of his light skin-tone.[1] Morton attended a secret school led by Reverend James Sims in Savannah, Georgia before the American Civil War (1861–1865) brought emancipation to Georgia. He later attended the Knox Institute and then became a messenger for Major John J. Knox of the Freedmen's Bureau.[2]
Business career
editAfter working for Knox, Morton worked as a survey engineer on the "North Eastern Railroad" together with Bill Pledger, who also went into politics later in his life.[2] Morton eventually moved to Athens, Georgia, where he became a central figure in the black political and business community.
Morton owned between 20 and 35 buildings in Athens and was selected as a contractor for the Wilkes County Courthouse. He also worked on a Federal Building in Anniston, Alabama.[3][4] He published The Progressive Era newspaper.[1][5]
Morton building
editMorton purchased a building lot in 1909 and completed construction of the Morton Building in 1910. The building held offices of African American professionals and housed the Morton Theatre, a vaudeville venue and then a movie theater that is now restored and used as an arts center.[3][6]
His theater, sometimes referred to as Morton's Opera House, hosted many prominent African American performers including from New York City's Cotton Club.[4] Performers at the theater included Duke Ellington, Bessie Smith, Ma Rainey, Louis Armstrong and Cab Calloway. Morton owned a large two-story home on Prince Avenue at South Milledge Avenue in Athens.[4]
Political and civil service career
editMorton became politically active and was one of Athens's alternate delegates to the 1884 Republican National Convention. Next he was appointed postal agent on the Gainesville, Jefferson, and Southern railroad.[2][7] Later in 1884, he traded routes with another carrier due to fears that he might be lynched on the former route.[8]
During his political career, Morton was affiliated with Alfred Eliab Buck, although he briefly fell out of the powerful politician's favor when Morton sought to oust Madison "Matt" Davis from the position of postal agent in Athens and to gain the position for himself.[9]
In 1892, he was considered as a candidate for congress to represent the eighth district,[10] but did not run.[11] In 1896, 1900, and 1904, he was again a delegate to the Republican National Convention.[2][12] Morton was part of the Republican delegation that informed William McKinley that he was the Republican Party's nominee for president in 1896.[4]
He was appointed postmaster in Athens and was the second African American after Davis to hold the position. Davis was also a former slave and politician and served as postmaster from 1882 until 1886.[4] Both faced opposition from some whites in Georgia who opposed their holding office.[13] Other African American officials in Georgia also faced hostility including Judson Whitlocke Lyons, Matt Davis, and John Thomas Heard. In 1897, postmaster General James Albert Gary decided not to allow an African American to be postmaster in large cities in the south.[14][15] In July 1897, W. W. Foraker, a white man and relative of Ohio politician, Joseph B. Foraker, was announced as a selection for Athens,[16] but ultimately Morton was installed in Athens and Lyons in Augusta by President William McKinley. These selections, along with that of Henry A. Rucker as Internal Revenue Collector for the State of Georgia, were widely opposed.[17] Opposition continued and in 1898 Morton was accused by a mail carrier of various crimes.[18] The criticism and opposition intensified when Morton was up for renomination in late 1901 and 1902,[19] and he was not reappointed by President Theodore Roosevelt.[20][21]
Death and legacy
editMorton died in 1919 and is buried in the Morton family lot at Gospel Pilgrim Cemetery in Athens.[22][1][23]
In 2013, documentary filmmaker Keith Plummer began work on a film about the theater and the man behind it. The theater block is referred to colloquially as "Hot Corner", and was a center of Black business and culture in Athens in the early 20th century.[24] The 30 minute film premiered in 2015 at the theater and includes an interview with Morton's grandson.[25][6]
References
edit- ^ a b c Gray, Michael. Hand me my travelin'shoes: in search of Blind Willie McTell Archived 2018-02-20 at the Wayback Machine. Chicago Review Press, 2007. pp. 257–258
- ^ a b c d Enthusiastic as Ever Archived 2018-02-01 at the Wayback Machine, The Colored American (Washington, DC) 8 Mar 1902, page 4, accessed via Newspapers.com
- ^ a b Curtis, Nancy C. (1996). Black Heritage Sites: An African American Odyssey and Finder's Guide. American Library Association. ISBN 9780838906439. Archived from the original on 2016-05-06.
- ^ a b c d e "Monroe B. Morton, Athens, Georgia, Ex-slave Who Became One of the Wealthiest Blacks in South - al Hester I Author". Archived from the original on 2018-02-03. Retrieved 2018-02-02.
- ^ The Empire of Pink Morton: Turn of the Century African-American Mogul Archived 2017-12-06 at the Wayback Machine, Georgia Stories 209, Georgia Public Broadcasting
- ^ a b Black Meetings & Tourism Archived 2018-02-20 at the Wayback Machine SunGlo Enterprises, 2004, p60
- ^ The Colored Politician Archived 2018-02-02 at the Wayback Machine, The Atlanta Constitution (Atlanta, Georgia) 18 Jul 1884, page 2, accessed via Newspapers.com
- ^ Pink Morton's Change of Base Archived 2018-02-02 at the Wayback Machine, The Atlanta Constitution, 15 Aug 1884, page 10, accessed via Newspapers.com
- ^ Buckism in Athens Archived 2018-02-02 at the Wayback Machine, The Atlanta Constitution (Atlanta, Georgia) 16 Apr 1890, page 5, accessed via Newspapers.com
- ^ Pink Morton's Politics Archived 2018-02-02 at the Wayback Machine, The Atlanta Constitution (Atlanta, Georgia) 5 Aug 1892, page 7, accessed via Newspapers.com
- ^ Will Not Run Archived 2018-02-20 at the Wayback Machine, The Atlanta Constitution (Atlanta, Georgia) 17 Aug 1892, page 2, accessed via Newspapers.com
- ^ To National Convention Archived 2018-02-02 at the Wayback Machine, The Atlanta Constitution (Atlanta, Georgia) 19 Jun 1904, page 9, accessed via Newspapers.com
- ^ Negro Postmasters Archived 2018-02-02 at the Wayback Machine, The Atlanta Constitution (Atlanta, Georgia) 3 May 1897, page 4, accessed via Newspapers.com
- ^ Color Line Drawn Archived 2018-02-02 at the Wayback Machine, The Roanoke Times (Roanoke, Virginia) 3 Jul 1897, page 1, accessed via Newspapers.com
- ^ Athens Negro is Very Happy Archived 2018-02-02 at the Wayback Machine, The Atlanta Constitution (Atlanta, Georgia) 12 Jul 1897, page 6, accessed via Newspapers.com
- ^ White Man for Athens Postoffice Archived 2018-02-02 at the Wayback Machine, The Atlanta Constitution (Atlanta, Georgia) 21 Jul 1897, page 2, accessed via Newspapers.com
- ^ Success Archived 2018-02-02 at the Wayback Machine, The Cincinnati Enquirer (Cincinnati, Ohio) 26 Jul 1897, page 6, accessed via Newspapers.com
- ^ Charges against Morton Archived 2018-02-02 at the Wayback Machine, The Atlanta Constitution (Atlanta, Georgia) 2 Jul 1898, page 4, accessed via Newspapers.com
- ^ Crusade Against Negro in Office Archived 2018-02-02 at the Wayback Machine, The Atlanta Constitution (Atlanta, Georgia) 7 Mar 1901, page 2, accessed via Newspapers.com
- ^ Pink Morton to be Scalped Archived 2018-02-02 at the Wayback Machine, The Atlanta Constitution (Atlanta, Georgia) 22 Jan 1902, page 2, accessed via Newspapers.com
- ^ A College Town's Right Archived 2018-02-02 at the Wayback Machine, Arizona Republic (Phoenix, Arizona) 7 Mar 1902, page 8, accessed via Newspapers.com
- ^ Shearer, Lee. UGA students cleaning up historic African-American cemetery in Athens Archived 2018-02-04 at the Wayback Machine, Online Athens/Athens Banner-Herald, September 22, 2017
- ^ Morris, Emmeline E. E. (2007). Gospel Pilgrim's Progress: Rehabilitating an African American Cemetery for the Public (master's thesis). University of Georgia. p. 71. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
- ^ Denty, Red. Cool food, fun and music on Hot Corner this weekend Archived 2018-02-12 at the Wayback Machine Athens Banner-Herald, June 2, 2017
- ^ Morales, Kristin, New Documentary Digs Into the History of the Morton Theatre Archived 2018-02-02 at the Wayback Machine, Flagpole (Athens, Georgia) May 13, 2015
