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Two Thumb Range

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The Two Thumb Range (sometimes called the Two Thumbs Range) is a range of mountains in the Canterbury Region of New Zealand's South Island. It is located to the east of Lake Tekapo and has several peaks which rise to around 2,500 metres (8,200 ft).[3] The southern end of the range contains one of Canterbury's main skifields, Mount Dobson.

Two Thumb Range
The Two Thumb Range
The Two Thumb Range
Highest point
PeakMount D'Archiac, 43°27′54″S 170°34′55″E / 43.465°S 170.582°E / -43.465; 170.582
Elevation2,875 m (9,432 ft)[1]
Coordinates43°27′32″S 170°36′07″E / 43.459°S 170.602°E / -43.459; 170.602[2]
Naming
Defining authorityNew Zealand Geographic Board
Geography
Map
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Mount Burgess
Mount Edward
Mount Maude
Dobson Peak
Mount Ardmore
Sugar Loaf
Mount Misery
Round Hill
Mount Musgrave
Neutral Hill
Mount Gerald
Mount Hope
Beuzenberg Peak
Mount Toby
Captains Peak
Mount Caton
The Thumbs
Tantalus
Ajax Peak
Myrmidon
Achilles Peak
Alma
Exeter
Graf Spee
East Sentinel
Mount Earle
Mount Coates
Mount D'Archiac
Mount D'Archiac (Kahuikaupeke (Māori)
CountryNew Zealand
RegionCanterbury
The Two Thumb Range is visible at the top (east) of this satellite view of Lake Tekapo, taken from the International Space Station.

Geography

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An eastern spur of the Southern Alps, the Two Thumb Range runs in a predominantly north-south direction for approximately 45 kilometres (28 mi). It and the smaller, mostly parallel, Sibbald Range branch from the Southern Alps close to Mount D'Archaic, 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of Aoraki / Mount Cook. The two ranges are separated by the valley of the Macauley River and form a barrier between the valleys of the Godley River and Lake Tekapo to the west and the Rangitata River to the east. Much of the eastern side of Lake Tekapo is separated from the range by the lower Richmond Range branch. As for the Richmond Range branch of the range, several smaller ranges branch off towards the east including from near Archilles Low Peak the Black Mountain Range and at Mount Caton, the Brabazon Range. The Two Thumb Range's peaks diminish in size towards its southern end, which is immediately to the east of the town of Lake Tekapo, after which it splits into two less significant ranges, the Rollesby and Albury ranges. At the saddle between the Two Thumb Range and these ranges, State Highway 8 crosses Burkes Pass on its route between Lake Tekapo and Fairlie.[4]

The South Opuha, Havelock, and Coal Rivers have their sources within the Two Thumb Range, as do numerous smaller watercourses, the most notable of which is Forest Creek, a tributary of the Rangitata River.

Peaks

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Named Peaks in Two Thumb Range (from north to south):[3]
Name Height Location
Mount D'Archaic 2,875 metres (9,432 ft) 43°27′54″S 170°34′55″E / 43.465°S 170.582°E / -43.465; 170.582[1]
Mount Coates 2,400 metres (7,900 ft) 43°28′30″S 170°35′20″E / 43.475°S 170.589°E / -43.475; 170.589[5]
Mount Earle 2,410 metres (7,910 ft) 43°28′59″S 170°36′07″E / 43.483°S 170.602°E / -43.483; 170.602[6]
East Sentinel 2,133 metres (6,998 ft) 43°29′28″S 170°37′44″E / 43.491°S 170.629°E / -43.491; 170.629[7]
Graf Spee 2,267 metres (7,438 ft) 43°32′31″S 170°40′23″E / 43.542°S 170.673°E / -43.542; 170.673[8]
Exeter 2,327 metres (7,635 ft) 43°33′14″S 170°42′00″E / 43.554°S 170.700°E / -43.554; 170.700[9]
Alma 2,510 metres (8,230 ft) 43°33′18″S 170°43′37″E / 43.555°S 170.727°E / -43.555; 170.727[10]
Achilles (Low Peak) 2,450 metres (8,040 ft) 43°33′55″S 170°43′49″E / 43.56533°S 170.73026°E / -43.56533; 170.73026[11]
Achilles Peak (High Peak) 2,540 metres (8,330 ft) 43°34′09″S 170°43′27″E / 43.56903°S 170.72427°E / -43.56903; 170.72427[12]
Mount Chevalier 2,404 metres (7,887 ft) 43°34′09″S 170°39′05″E / 43.56908°S 170.65139°E / -43.56908; 170.65139[13]
Myrmidon 2,474 metres (8,117 ft) 43°34′26″S 170°43′08″E / 43.574°S 170.719°E / -43.574; 170.719[14]
Priam 2,435 metres (7,989 ft) 43°34′44″S 170°43′05″E / 43.579°S 170.718°E / -43.579; 170.718[15]
Ajax Peak 2,319 metres (7,608 ft) 43°34′48″S 170°39′11″E / 43.580°S 170.653°E / -43.580; 170.653[16]
Tantalus 2,454 metres (8,051 ft) 43°34′59″S 170°42′43″E / 43.583°S 170.712°E / -43.583; 170.712[17]
The Thumbs 2,546 metres (8,353 ft) 43°35′35″S 170°43′37″E / 43.593°S 170.727°E / -43.593; 170.727[18]
Electra Peak 2,447 metres (8,028 ft) 43°35′38″S 170°42′58″E / 43.594°S 170.716°E / -43.594; 170.716[19]
Mount Ross 2,366 metres (7,762 ft) 43°35′46″S 170°38′56″E / 43.596°S 170.649°E / -43.596; 170.649[20]
Split Peaks 2,345 metres (7,694 ft) 43°36′18″S 170°44′13″E / 43.605°S 170.737°E / -43.605; 170.737[21]
Mount Caton 2,371 metres (7,779 ft) 43°36′47″S 170°44′28″E / 43.613°S 170.741°E / -43.613; 170.741[22]
Paris 2,175 metres (7,136 ft) 43°36′50″S 170°41′42″E / 43.614°S 170.695°E / -43.614; 170.695[23]
Mount Pattisson 2,313 metres (7,589 ft) 43°37′44″S 170°43′44″E / 43.629°S 170.729°E / -43.629; 170.729[24]
Captains Peak 2,371 metres (7,779 ft) 43°38′35″S 170°42′47″E / 43.643°S 170.713°E / -43.643; 170.713[25]
Mount Toby 2,222 metres (7,290 ft) 43°40′23″S 170°42′40″E / 43.673°S 170.711°E / -43.673; 170.711[26]
Beuzenberg Peak 2,070 metres (6,790 ft) 43°42′58″S 170°41′02″E / 43.716°S 170.684°E / -43.716; 170.684[27]
Mount Hope 2,086 metres (6,844 ft) 43°43′34″S 170°41′38″E / 43.726°S 170.694°E / -43.726; 170.694[28]
Braun-Elwert Peak 2,086 metres (6,844 ft) 43°43′48″S 170°41′31″E / 43.730°S 170.692°E / -43.730; 170.692[29]
Mount Gerald 1,551 metres (5,089 ft) 43°45′00″S 170°38′06″E / 43.750°S 170.635°E / -43.750; 170.635[30]
Neutral Hill 1,763 metres (5,784 ft) 43°46′01″S 170°46′23″E / 43.767°S 170.773°E / -43.767; 170.773[31]
Mount Musgrave 2,251 metres (7,385 ft) 43°48′07″S 170°43′08″E / 43.802°S 170.719°E / -43.802; 170.719[32]
Round Hill 1,588 metres (5,210 ft) 43°49′05″S 170°39′40″E / 43.818°S 170.661°E / -43.818; 170.661[33]
Mount Misery 2,305 metres (7,562 ft) 43°50′53″S 170°43′05″E / 43.848°S 170.718°E / -43.848; 170.718[34]
Sugar Loaf 2,305 metres (7,562 ft) 43°53′38″S 170°42′40″E / 43.894°S 170.711°E / -43.894; 170.711[35]
Mount Ardmore 1,989 metres (6,526 ft) 43°54′43″S 170°37′30″E / 43.912°S 170.625°E / -43.912; 170.625[36]
Dobson Peak 2,095 metres (6,873 ft) 43°56′10″S 170°40′12″E / 43.936°S 170.670°E / -43.936; 170.670[37]
Mount Maude 1,787 metres (5,863 ft) 43°58′52″S 170°37′55″E / 43.981°S 170.632°E / -43.981; 170.632[38]
Mount Edward 1,916 metres (6,286 ft) 44°00′29″S 170°35′53″E / 44.008°S 170.598°E / -44.008; 170.598[39]
Mount Burgess 1,430 metres (4,690 ft) 44°02′56″S 170°37′59″E / 44.049°S 170.633°E / -44.049; 170.633[40]

Names

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The Thumbs twin peaks in the range have been described as "twin peaks like two giant thumbs … a famous mid-Canterbury landmark."[2] The names of several of the range's peaks, including Achilles Peak, Exeter, and Graf Spee, commemorate New Zealand's involvement in the Battle of the River Plate. There may be potential confusion over the names as for example Achilles Peak is the official name,[12] for the highest peak of Achilles, where Achilles is an unofficial name, located as the saddle between two peaks,[11] that are called High and Low peaks. Further there is a Mount Achilles in Otago.[11] Mount D'Archaic was named by Julius von Haast after the Adolphe d'Archiac.[1]

Geology

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Torlesse Composite Terrane rocks form the basement and range in age from the Jurassic near the Southern Alps to Permian in the east.[41]: 141  Most of the Two Thumb Range consists of unfoliated metagreywackes, with areas of pumpellyite-actinolite.[41]: 1412 

There is current and Quaternary displacement east of the Alpine Fault that has been ongoing for less than 5 million years that has resulted in uplift of the Two Thumb Range.[41]: 141  The northern range is uplifting as part of the Southern Alps while distinct faulting structures are known in the southern portion. To the east of the ranges are two series of north-striking Fox Peak faults and to the west the northeast-striking Forest Creek faults that parallel the Alpine Fault at about the Mount Musgrave level in the southern range.[41]: 144–7  A fault is inferred to separate the Round Hill area from the rest of the ranges.[41]: 148  It has been postulated that the southern Two Thumb Range has uplifted about 2 km (1.2 mi) in the last 1.5 to 2 million years.[41]: 150  .

Recreation

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Dobson Peak and its surrounding terrain are the home of the Mount Dobson skifield.[42] The smaller Roundhill Ski Area is also located within the range.

New Zealand's major north-to-south walking track, Te Araroa Trail, crosses the Rangitata River before following the valley of a tributary, Bush Stream, into the Two Thumb Range. It crosses the range at Stag Saddle — the trail's highest point at 1,925 metres (6,316 ft) — immediately to the north of Mount Hope, before following the eastern shore of Lake Tekapo south.[43]

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The Two Thumb Range was the setting for Desmond Bagley's 1975 novel, The Snow Tiger.

References

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  1. ^ a b c "NZGB Gazetteer – Mount D'Archiac". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. LINZ. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  2. ^ a b "NZGB Gazetteer – Two Thumb Range". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  3. ^ a b Two Thumb Range, Canterbury, NZTopoMap. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  4. ^ Dowling, P. (ed.) (2004). ’’Reed New Zealand atlas’’. Auckland: Reed Publishing. ISBN 0 7900 0952 8
  5. ^ "NZGB Gazetteer – Mount Coates". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  6. ^ "NZGB Gazetteer – Mount Earle". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  7. ^ "NZGB Gazetteer – East Sentinel". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  8. ^ "NZGB Gazetteer – Graf Spee". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  9. ^ "NZGB Gazetteer – Exeter". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  10. ^ "NZGB Gazetteer – Alma". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  11. ^ a b c "NZTopMap: Achilles". Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  12. ^ a b "NZGB Gazetteer – Achilles Peak". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  13. ^ "NZGB Gazetteer – Mount Chevalier". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  14. ^ "NZGB Gazetteer – Myrmidon". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  15. ^ "NZGB Gazetteer – Priam". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  16. ^ "NZGB Gazetteer – Ajax Peak". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  17. ^ "NZGB Gazetteer – Tantalus". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  18. ^ "NZGB Gazetteer – The Thumbs". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  19. ^ "NZGB Gazetteer – Electra Peak". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  20. ^ "NZGB Gazetteer – Mount Ross". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  21. ^ "NZGB Gazetteer – Split Peaks". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  22. ^ "NZGB Gazetteer – Mount Caton". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  23. ^ "NZGB Gazetteer – Paris". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  24. ^ "NZGB Gazetteer – Mount Pattisson". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  25. ^ "NZGB Gazetteer – Captains Peak". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  26. ^ "NZGB Gazetteer – Mount Toby". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  27. ^ "NZGB Gazetteer – Beuzenberg Peak". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  28. ^ "NZGB Gazetteer – Mount Hope". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  29. ^ "NZGB Gazetteer – Braun-Elwert Peak". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  30. ^ "NZGB Gazetteer – Mount Gerald". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  31. ^ "NZGB Gazetteer – Neutral Hill". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  32. ^ "NZGB Gazetteer – Mount Musgrave". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  33. ^ "NZGB Gazetteer – Round Hill". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  34. ^ "NZGB Gazetteer – Mount Misery". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  35. ^ "NZGB Gazetteer – Sugar Loaf". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  36. ^ "NZGB Gazetteer – Mount Ardmore". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  37. ^ "NZGB Gazetteer – Dobson Peak". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  38. ^ "NZGB Gazetteer – Mount Maude". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  39. ^ "NZGB Gazetteer – Mount Edward". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  40. ^ "NZGB Gazetteer – Mount Burgess". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  41. ^ a b c d e f Upton, Phædra; Craw, Dave; James, Zoe; Koons, Peter O. (2004). "Structure and late Cenozoic tectonics of the southern Two Thumb range, mid Canterbury,New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 47 (1): 141–153. doi:10.1080/00288306.2004.9515043.
  42. ^ "Mt Dobson Ski Area," Tekapo Tourism. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  43. ^ "Two Thumb Track," Te Araroa - New Zealand's Trail, updated 20 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
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