Khangai Mountains

Hangai Mountains
Hangai Mountains
	Panorama of Lake Terkhiin Tsagaan in the Khangai Mountains
Highest point
Peak	Otgontenger
Elevation	4,031 m (13,225 ft)
Naming
Native name	Mongolian: Хангай / Hangai
Geography
	Hangai Mountains
Country	Mongolia
Aimags	Arkhangai, Övörkhangai, Bayankhongor and Zavkhan
Rivers	Ider River and Orkhon River
Settlements	Tsetserleg, Bayankhongor and Uliastai
Range coordinates	47°30′N 100°0′E / 47.500°N 100.000°E

The Khangai Mountains (/kəŋˈɡaɪ/ kəng-GY)^[a] form a range in central Mongolia,^[1] some 400 km (250 mi) west of Ulaanbaatar.

Name

Two provinces of Mongolia are named after the Khangai mountains: Arkhangai (North Khangai) and Ovorkhangai (South Khangai). The mild climate area where the two provinces meet (in eastern Khangai) is known as the cradle of Mongolian and nomadic civilization. The plains at the foot of the eastern Khangai host the Orkhon Valley World Heritage Site. The Xiongnu capital Luut Khot (Lungcheng), the Xianbei capital Ordo and the Rouran capital Moomt (Mume) are said to have been located there. Later empires also established their capitals there: e.g. the Uyghur Khaganate (745–840) built their capital Ordu-Baliq in the region.

Features

The Khangai Mountains at Tsetserleg, capital of Arkhangai Province.

Khorgo extinct volcano in the northern Khangai Mountains

The tallest mountain is Otgontenger (lit. "Youngest sky"), which is about 4,000 metres tall. It is revered by the Mongols and state ceremonies are held there. Otgontenger is considered sacred by ancient Turks.

Suvraga Khairkhan, 3,117 metres tall, is another sacred mountain to the east of Tsetserleg.

Taryatu-Chulutu is an extinct volcanic field on the northern slopes of the Khangai Mountains.

The mountains feed the rivers Orkhon, Selenge, Ider, Zavkhan and the lakes Orog and Böön tsagaan. In the west, the Khangai mountains transition into the Great Lakes Depression.

The Khangai mountain region is known for its mild microclimates in certain areas. Winters there are not as harsh as in other parts of the country.^[2]

Because of strong winter inversions which have become known as a singularity of the mesoclimate of Mongolia (Gavrilova 1974) the Khangai tends to be some 10°C warmer than the surrounding areas. It is likely that even the highest mountain tops are some 5°C warmer than the sub-Khangai basins.

Location of the Khangai Mountains in Central Asia

Notes

^ Mongolian: Хангайн нуруу, romanized: Khangain nuruu, pronounced [χaɴˈɢæe̯ɴ nʊˈrʊː]

References

^ McDannell, Kalin T.; Zeitler, Peter K.; Idleman, Bruce D. (2018-07-21). "Relict topography within the Hangay Mountains in central Mongolia: Quantifying long-term exhumation and relief change in an old landscape". Tectonics. 37 (8): 2531–2558. doi:10.1029/2017TC004682. ISSN 0278-7407.
^ Vertical Variability of Climatic Conditions in the Khangai Mountains (1980). Brzezniak, Eligiusz; Niedzwiedz, Tadeusz. p.34.

[1] Mongolian: Хангайн нуруу, romanized: Khangain nuruu, pronounced [χaɴˈɢæe̯ɴ nʊˈrʊː]

[2] McDannell, Kalin T.; Zeitler, Peter K.; Idleman, Bruce D. (2018-07-21). "Relict topography within the Hangay Mountains in central Mongolia: Quantifying long-term exhumation and relief change in an old landscape". Tectonics. 37 (8): 2531–2558. doi:10.1029/2017TC004682. ISSN 0278-7407.

[3] Vertical Variability of Climatic Conditions in the Khangai Mountains (1980). Brzezniak, Eligiusz; Niedzwiedz, Tadeusz. p.34.

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