The National Royalist Movement (French: Mouvement national royaliste or MNR, Dutch: Nationale Koninklijke Beweging, NKB) was a group within the Belgian Resistance in German-occupied Belgium during World War II. It was active chiefly in Brussels and Flanders and was the most politically right-wing of the major Belgian resistance groups.[1]
| National Royalist Movement Mouvement National Royaliste Nationale Koninklijke Beweging | |
|---|---|
 Insignia of the MNR, based on the monogram of Leopold III | |
| Leaders | Eugène Mertens de Wilmars (1940-42) Ernest Graff |
| Dates of operation | 1940-1944 |
| Active regions | Brussels and Flanders |
| Ideology | Royalism Belgian nationalism Authoritarianism |
| Size | 8,527 (total) |
| Battles and wars | the Belgian Resistance (World War II) |
Background
editThe MNR was founded in German-occupied Belgium soon after the Belgian defeat of May 1940 by former members of the far-right Catholic, authoritarian Rexist Party. As an organisation, it had a strongly nationalist stance and was led by Eugène Mertens de Wilmars, a former admirer of the fascist, Leon Degrelle. The MNR wanted Belgium to become an authoritarian dictatorship under the rule of King Leopold III.[1]
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In July 1941, the German occupation authorities became suspicious of the MNR and it was forced into hiding.[1] After the arrest of Mertens de Wilmars in May 1942, it became overtly anti-German and began to engage in resistance activities.[2] The group produced underground newspapers (including the Dutch language newspaper Vrije Volk) and collected military intelligence. The MNR also provided help to Jews hiding from German persecution, Allied pilots shot down in occupied Europe and Belgian workers avoiding labour service in Germany.[1]
In collaboration with the Secret Army and the Witte Brigade, the MNR participated in the capture of the Port of Antwerp shortly before the Allied liberation in September 1944.[2] The operation prevented the Germans from destroying the installations and provided the Allies with access to their first intact deep-sea port.
160 members of the MNR were executed or died in Nazi camps. Around 100 were killed in action during the liberation of the Port of Antwerp in September 1944.[2] A monument to five members of the group killed during the liberation of Brussels is visible next to the Royal Museums of Fine Arts.[3]
References
edit- ^ a b c d Dujardin & Van den Wijngaert 2010, p. 74.
- ^ a b c dossier pédagogique: Le fort de Breendonk: le camp de la terreur nazie en Belgique pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, éd. Lannoo (2006) 63 pages
- ^ "Monument: National Royalists Monument". Brussels Remembers. Archived from the original on 2013-04-19. Retrieved 2013-03-29.
Bibliography
edit- Dujardin, Vincent; Van den Wijngaert, Mark (2010). La Belgique sans Roi, 1940–1950. Nouvelle Histoire de Belgique. Brussels: Le Cri édition. ISBN 978-2-8710-6520-3.
- van de Vijver, Herman, van Doorslaer, Rudi and Verhoeyen, Etienne (1988). België in de Tweede Wereldoorlog. Deel 6: Het verzet 2. DNB/Uitgeverij Peckmans, Kapellen. ISBN 9028913688. Pp. 91-94. (in Dutch)