The Movement for Democracy (Portuguese: Movimento para a Democracia, MpD) is a Christian democratic and liberal party in Cape Verde. Established in 1990, it was the ruling party from 1991 to 2001 and returned to power in the 2016 parliamentary election. Its members are nicknamed "os ventoinhas" (the wind fans) in Portuguese, a reference to the party's logo.
Movement for Democracy Movimento para a Democracia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Leader | Ulisses Correia e Silva |
| Founded | 14 March 1990 |
| Registered | 26 November 1990 |
| Headquarters | Praia, Santiago Island, Cape Verde |
| Ideology | Liberalism Christian democracy |
| Political position | Centre to centre-right |
| International affiliation | Centrist Democrat International |
| National Assembly | 38 / 72 |
| Website | |
| www.mpd.cv | |
History
editThe MpD was established on 14 March 1990 by Carlos Veiga after Prime Minister Pedro Pires of the African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV, formerly the sole legal party) allowed its creation.[1] The party was publicly launched in May 1990, and its first convention was held in November 1990.
In the January 1991 parliamentary elections, the first multi-party elections in the country's history, the MpD won 56 of the 79 seats in the National Assembly. In the presidential elections the following month, MpD candidate António Mascarenhas Monteiro defeated the incumbent PAICV President Aristides Pereira.
Following the MpD's second convention in January 1993, splits developed within the party, with two groups, List A and List B, emerging.[2] A split in 1994 led to the creation of the Democratic Convergence Party.[3] Despite losing six seats, the party retained its parliamentary majority in the 1995 elections, whilst Monteiro was re-elected unopposed in the presidential elections the following year.
The January 2001 parliamentary elections saw the party lose another 20 seats, as it was defeated by the PAICV. In the February 2001 presidential elections the MpD nominated Veiga, but he was defeated by the PAICV's Pires by just 12 votes in the second round of voting.[4]
In the 2006 parliamentary elections, the party lost another seat and was reduced to 29 MPs. Veiga was again defeated by Pires in the presidential elections later in the year.
Despite gaining three seats in the 2011 parliamentary elections, the MpD remained in opposition. However, in the presidential elections in the same year, MpD candidate Jorge Carlos Fonseca defeated the PAICV's Manuel Inocêncio Sousa by 54–46%.
In July 2013, Ulisses Correia e Silva, the mayor of the capital, Praia, became party's new chairman, following Carlos Veiga, who stepped down after five years.[5]
Fonseca was re-elected as president in the 2016 presidential election.[6] The MpD also won a majority in the National Assembly during the 2016 parliamentary elections, ending fifteen years of PAICV majorities in that body and electing its leader Ulisses Correia e Silva as Prime Minister of Cape Verde.[7]
Electoral history
editPresidential elections
edit| Election | Party candidate | Votes | % | Votes | % | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First Round | Second Round | |||||
| 1991 | António Mascarenhas Monteiro | 70,623 | 73.4% | - | - | Elected 
|
| 1996 | 81,821 | 92.1% | - | - | Elected
| |
| 2001 | Carlos Veiga | 60,719 | 45.8% | 75,815 | 50.0% | Lost 
|
| 2006 | 83,241 | 49.0% | - | - | Lost
| |
| 2011 | Jorge Carlos Fonseca | 60,887 | 37.8% | 97,735 | 54.3% | Elected
|
| 2016 | 93,010 | 74.08% | - | - | Elected
| |
| 2021 | Carlos Veiga | 78,603 | 42.39% | - | - | Lost
|
National Assembly elections
edit| Election | Party leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Position | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | Carlos Veiga | 78,454 | 66.4% | 56 / 79
|
 56
|
1st
|
Supermajority government |
| 1995 | 93,249 | 61.3% | 50 / 72
|
 6
|
 1st
|
Supermajority government | |
| 2001 | 55,586 | 40.5% | 30 / 72
|
20
|
2nd
|
Opposition | |
| 2006 | 74,909 | 44.0% | 29 / 72
|
1
|
2nd
|
Opposition | |
| 2011 | 94,674 | 42.3% | 32 / 72
|
3
|
2nd
|
Opposition | |
| 2016 | Ulisses Correia e Silva | 122,881 | 54.5% | 40 / 72
|
8
|
1st
|
Majority government |
| 2021 | 109,388 | 48.8% | 38 / 72
|
2
|
1st
|
Majority government |
References
edit- ^ Richard A Lobban Jr & Paul Khalil Saucier (2007) Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Cape Verde, Scarecrow Press, p. 159
- ^ Lobban & Saucier, p161
- ^ Lobban & Saucier, p181
- ^ Elections in Cape Verde African Elections Database
- ^ "The MPD brings in new leadership". country.eiu.com.
- ^ Reuters Staff (3 October 2016). "Cape Verde President Fonseca on track to win re-election" – via cn.reuters.com.
{{cite web}}:|author=has generic name (help) - ^ Reuters Staff (21 March 2016). "Cape Verde opposition wins back parliament" – via www.reuters.com.
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