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Mönchengladbach

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This article is about the city in Germany. For the football club, see Borussia Mönchengladbach.

Mönchengladbach (German: [mœnçn̩ˈɡlatbax] ⓘ, Limburgish: Jlabbach [jəˈlɑbɑx])[citation needed] is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located west of the Rhine, halfway between Düsseldorf and the Dutch border.

Mönchengladbach
Jlabbach (Limburgish)
City
Clockwise from top: old market in Gladbach; Schloss Rheydt; Rheydt townhall; Gladbach Abbey; Abteiberg Museum
Flag of Mönchengladbach
Flag
Coat of arms of Mönchengladbach
Coat of arms
Location of Mönchengladbach in North Rhine-Westphalia
Mönchengladbach is located in Germany
Mönchengladbach
Mönchengladbach
Mönchengladbach is located in North Rhine-Westphalia
Mönchengladbach
Mönchengladbach
Coordinates: 51°12′N 06°26′E / 51.200°N 6.433°E / 51.200; 6.433
CountryGermany
StateNorth Rhine-Westphalia
Admin. regionDüsseldorf
DistrictUrban district
Government
 • Lord mayor (2020–25) Felix Heinrichs[1] (SPD)
Area
 • Total
170.43 km2 (65.80 sq mi)
Elevation
70 m (230 ft)
Population
 (2023-12-31)[2]
 • Total
268,943
 • Density1,600/km2 (4,100/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes
41001–41239
Dialling codes02161, 02166
Vehicle registrationMG
Websitewww.moenchengladbach.de

Geography

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Municipal subdivisions

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Map of Mönchengladbach showing the boroughs, districts and postal zones

Since 2009, the territory of Mönchengladbach has comprised four (previously ten) boroughs which are subdivided into 44 districts.[3]

The boroughs and their associated districts

History

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Name and origins

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The original name of the city was Gladbach, by which it is still often known today. To distinguish it from another town of the same name (the present Bergisch Gladbach), it took the name München-Gladbach (“Monks’ Gladbach”, in reference to the abbey[4]) in 1888. Between 1933 and 1950, it was written München Gladbach (short: M. Gladbach), without a hyphen. This spelling was seen as potentially misleading, as it could imply that Gladbach was a borough of Munich (München in German), so consequently the name was changed to Mönchen-Gladbach in 1950 (and subsequently Mönchengladbach in 1960) to avoid confusion.

The town was founded around Gladbach Abbey in 974. It was named after the Gladbach, a narrow brook which mostly runs underground today. The abbey and adjoining villages became a town in the 14th century. The town of Rheydt is located nearby and is incorporated into Mönchengladbach today.

Early history

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The first settlements in the area of Mönchengladbach are approximately 300,000–400,000 years old and show remains of Homo erectus and Neanderthal. There are numerous cairns from the Neolithic and Bronze Ages.

The history of Mönchengladbach began with the construction of the Gladbach Minster and the founding of an abbey in the year 974 by Gero, Archbishop of Cologne, and his companion, the monk Sandrad of Trier.

To improve the settlement, the monks created a market north of the church in the 12th century. Craftsmen settled near the market. Gladbach received its town charter in 1364–1366. The "town" erected a town wall made of stone, which had to be maintained by the citizens. Remains of the wall can be found at the Geroweiher, as can remains of the "Thick Tower", an old fortified tower at the Waldhausener hill. Until the end of the 18th century, the city belonged to the department of Grevenbroich within the duchy of Jülich.

On 4 October 1794, the armed forces of the French Revolution marched into the town, one day before the fortress Jülich had been handed over. When the Holy Roman Emperor Francis II ceded the left bank of the river Rhine to France with the Treaty of Lunéville in 1801, Gladbach fell under French laws suppressing religion. This was the end for the abbey, and the monastery was closed. On 31 October 1802, the last 31 monks left the monastery. The contents of the tremendous abbey library, well known outside Germany, were scattered or destroyed.

From 1798 until 1814, the Mairie Gladbach was part of Canton Odenkirchen, of the Arrondissement Krefeld, of the Roer Département.

Recent history

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In 1815, Gladbach became part of the Kingdom of Prussia and seat of the Landkreis Gladbach, which was dissolved in 1929. In 1815 Gladbach became seat of the Bürgermeisterei (Office of mayor), which was split in 1859 into two parts: the City of Gladbach and Office of Mayor Obergeburth. The latter was renamed to München-Gladbach-Land in 1907.

From 1933 through 1975, the neighborhood of Rheydt was an independent city; the split from München-Gladbach was arranged by Joseph Goebbels, who was born locally. After reuniting with Mönchengladbach, the central station (Rheydt Hauptbahnhof) kept its original name, making Mönchengladbach the only city in Germany to have two rail stations each called Hauptbahnhof.

In response to the 10 May 1940 German invasion of Belgium, Mönchengladbach was bombed by RAF Bomber Command on the evening of 11 May. The bomber crews were attempting to interdict German troop movements on roads, intersections and rail lines in the area, especially the city's railyards. About half of the approximately 36 twin-engine Royal Air Force (RAF) bombers reportedly hit their targets, and three were shot down.[5][6] Four people were killed on the ground, including a British woman living in Germany.[7]

Eventually, the Prussian Rhine Province was dissolved after World War II, and the city became part of the new state of North Rhine-Westphalia which was formed in 1946.

Largest groups of foreign residents
Nationality Population (31.12 2022)
Turkey 6,614
Poland 4,538
Syria 4,027
Romania 3,266
Bulgaria 2,872
Ukraine 2,643
Spain 2,326
Italy 1,860
Greece 1,651
Netherlands 1,437

Climate

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Climate data for Mönchengladbach (1991-2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Daily mean °C (°F) 3.3
(37.9) 		3.8
(38.8) 		6.7
(44.1) 		10.4
(50.7) 		14.2
(57.6) 		17.1
(62.8) 		19.1
(66.4) 		18.6
(65.5) 		15.0
(59.0) 		11.0
(51.8) 		6.9
(44.4) 		4.0
(39.2) 		10.8
(51.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 60.8
(2.39) 		57.0
(2.24) 		51.5
(2.03) 		41.1
(1.62) 		58.3
(2.30) 		63.9
(2.52) 		70.9
(2.79) 		72.3
(2.85) 		59.0
(2.32) 		59.9
(2.36) 		60.6
(2.39) 		70.4
(2.77) 		725.7
(28.58)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 54.2 73.1 125.7 174 201.6 204.4 211.3 197.3 149.3 107.5 58.8 43.6 1,600.8
Source: Deutscher Wetterdienst[8][9][10]


Economy

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Hugo Junkers Hangar, aviation and event facility

Mönchengladbach's industrial ascent was mainly influenced by the development of the textile industry from the mid-19th to the mid-20th century. In addition, a textile-oriented machine industry also developed.

After the Second World War, a major structural change began, reducing the importance of the textile industry and attracting new economic sectors. At present, only 7 percent of employees work in the once dominant textile and clothing industry (for example: Van Laack and gardeur).

As part of the successful diversification of the business location, local government and representatives founded the Mönchengladbach Business Development Corporation (WFMG) in 1997. WFMG and the University of Applied Sciences Niederrhein have developed a five-pillar model for the future orientation of the business location. Thereafter textile and fashion, mechanical engineering and electrical engineering, logistics, the creative industry and the health sector are the leading sectors for the economic future of the city of Mönchengladbach. As part of an active cluster policy, the WFMG has partly initiated its own networks for these industries.[11]

The most important employer in Mönchengladbach is the Santander Consumer Bank, which has its headquarters at Aachener Straße in Mönchengladbach's city center.

The economic structure includes: tool and spinning machines (Dörries Scharmann, Monforts, Trützschler, Schlafhorst), automatic conveyor systems, signal and system technology (Scheidt & Bachmann), transformers (SMS Meer), cables (Nexans Germany formerly Kabelwerk Rheydt), printed matter and foodstuffs.

Chocolatier Heinemann is known beyond the city limits for his cakes, pralines and baked goods, which he offers in cafés on site as well as in Düsseldorf and Munich. Furthermore, beer breweries are represented in Mönchengladbach. The Oettinger brewery produces at the site of the former Hannen brewery. The Hensen brewery has been producing a lower Rhine-type Altbier since 2015 at the former spring of the river Gladbach in the Waldhausen district.

Especially in the 1970s and 1980s nightlife was attractive to young party people from Düsseldorf. In the meantime, tourism in particular is playing a certain role. Mönchengladbach has about 40 hotels (for example: Hotel Burgund) and inns as well as a youth hostel in the district Hardter Wald. In total there are about 2000 beds. The number of overnight stays is over 200,000 annually.

Mönchengladbach Airport is dominated by general aviation. There are currently no scheduled services to and from Mönchengladbach. Additionally, there are few business-charter passenger flights. In June 2015 Hugo Junkers Hangar was opened as an aviation and event facility. Airplane enthusiasts can book sightseeing flights with Junkers Ju 52 from the 1940s.[12][13] The next major international airport Düsseldorf Airport is only 20 kilometres (12 mi) away to the east.

Politics

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Mayor

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The current mayor of Mönchengladbach is Felix Heinrichs of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) since 2020. The most recent mayoral election was held on 13 September 2020, with a runoff held on 27 September, and the results were as follows:

Candidate Party First round Second round
Votes % Votes %
Felix Heinrichs Social Democratic Party 32,808 37.5 50,421 74.2
Frank Boss Christian Democratic Union 25,929 29.6 17,513 25.8
Boris Wolkowski Alliance 90/The Greens 15,304 17.5
Corina Bülow Alternative for Germany 4,706 5.4
Stefan Dahlmanns Free Democratic Party 3,149 3.6
Sebastian Merkens The Left 3,010 3.4
Chana Clarissa Lischewski Die PARTEI 1,914 2.2
Franz Josef Schiller Ecological Democratic Party 540 0.6
Sandra van den Broek National Democratic Party 186 0.2
Valid votes 87,546 97.3 67,934 99.3
Invalid votes 2,473 2.7 496 0.7
Total 90,019 100.0 68,430 100.0
Electorate/voter turnout 207,117 43.5 207,018 33.1
Source: State Returning Officer

City council

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Results of the 2020 city council election

The Mönchengladbach city council governs the city alongside the mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 13 September 2020, and the results were as follows:

Party Votes % +/- Seats +/-
Christian Democratic Union (CDU) 30,198 34.0   7.5 26   3
Social Democratic Party (SPD) 22,365 25.2   4.3 20 ±0
Alliance 90/The Greens (Grüne) 18,879 21.2   10.6 16   9
Alternative for Germany (AfD) 5,282 5.9   4.5 5   4
Free Democratic Party (FDP) 4,911 5.5   1.0 4   1
The Left (Die Linke) 3,605 4.1   0.4 3 ±0
Die PARTEI (PARTEI) 2,419 2.7   1.5 2   1
Ecological Democratic Party (ÖDP) 507 0.6 New 0 New
Alliance for Innovation and Justice (BIG) 439 0.5 New 0 New
National Democratic Party (NPD) 229 0.3   0.6 0   1
Independents 30 0.0 – 0 –
Valid votes 88,864 98.7
Invalid votes 1,160 1.3
Total 90,024 100.0 76   8
Electorate/voter turnout 207,117 43.5   0.8
Source: State Returning Officer

Points of interest

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Rheydt Castle

Twin towns – sister cities

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See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany

Mönchengladbach is twinned with:[14]

Transport

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The city has two main railway stations: Mönchengladbach Hauptbahnhof and Rheydt Hauptbahnhof, the result of the merger of the two cities, in which the deprecated name for Rheydt Hbf was never removed. Line 8 of the Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn connects the city to Düsseldorf and Hagen; an extension further westwards is being discussed. A number of regional trains serve Mönchengladbach, including regional line RE13 to the city of Venlo which is located in the Netherlands.[15] By the end of 2009 it was the largest city in Germany without regular long-distance services. With the new schedule for 2010, Mönchengladbach got an InterCity/Intercity-Express connection twice a week.[16]

The city also has a commercial airport called Düsseldorf Mönchengladbach.

Local bus and rail transport is carried out by the NEW-AG under the VRR transport association regulations.

Sports

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Football

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Borussia-Park, stadium of Borussia Mönchengladbach
Main article: Borussia Mönchengladbach

Mönchengladbach has a long football tradition. Its home club, Borussia Mönchengladbach, is one of the country's most well-known, best-supported, and successful teams. The club plays on the Borussia-Park stadium with a capacity of 54,057. The club has the sixth largest fan club in Germany, "The Foals" (Die Fohlen), with more than 50,000 active members.[when?][citation needed]

Field hockey

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The city hosted three International Field Hockey world championships: the 2006 Men's World Hockey Cup, the 2008 Women's Hockey Champions Trophy, and the 2010 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy.

Harness racing

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Since 1892, Mönchengladbach has owned a harness racing track called Trabrennbahn Mönchengladbach (Trotting track Mönchengladbach).

Military

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Main article: Rheindahlen Military Complex

Until December 2013, the Rheindahlen Military Complex was located just outside Mönchengladbach, where it was home to the headquarters of the British Armed Forces in Germany.

Notable people

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Hugo Junkers
 
Franz Meyers
 
Nick Heidfeld

Sport

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Wahlergebnisse in NRW Kommunalwahlen 2020, Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, accessed 19 June 2021.
  2. ^ "Bevölkerung der Gemeinden Nordrhein-Westfalens am 31. Dezember 2023 – Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes auf Basis des Zensus vom 9. Mai 2011" (in German). Landesbetrieb Information und Technik NRW. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  3. ^ Dieter Weber (23 January 2009). "Vier Bezirke bei der Kommunalwahl". RP ONLINE GmbH. Archived from the original on 18 May 2011. Retrieved 10 March 2010.
  4. ^ "Monchengladbach". Britannica.com. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
  5. ^ Grayling, A. C. (2011). Among the Dead Cities: Is the Targeting of Civilians in War Ever Justified?. A&C Black. p. 27. ISBN 9781408827901.
  6. ^ Diefendorf, Jeffry M. (1993). In the Wake of War : The Reconstruction of German Cities after World War II: The Reconstruction of German Cities after World War II. Oxford University Press. p. 5. ISBN 9780195361094.
  7. ^ Bowman, Martin (2011). Bomber Command: Reflections of War. Casemate. pp. 41–2. ISBN 9781848844926.
  8. ^ "Lufttemperatur: vieljährige Mittelwerte 1991 - 2020" [Air Temperature: Long-term averages for 1991-2020]. dwd.de (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
  9. ^ "Niederschlag: vieljährige Mittelwerte 1991 - 2020" [Precipitation: Long-term averages for 1991-2020]. dwd.de (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
  10. ^ "Sonnenscheindauer: vieljährige Mittelwerte 1991 - 2020" [Sunshine: Long-term averages for 1991-2020]. dwd.de (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 23 February 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  11. ^ "English - WFMG - Wirtschaftsförderung Mönchengladbach GMBH". Archived from the original on 5 July 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
  12. ^ "Ju 52 Rundflüge – Ein tolles Erlebnis für groß und klein – Eine weitere WordPress-Website". Ju 52rundflug.de. 13 June 2018. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
  13. ^ "Hugo Junkers Hangar Home - Hugo Junkers Hangar". Archived from the original on 23 August 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
  14. ^ "Übersicht über die Partnerstädte der Stadt Mönchengladbach". moenchengladbach.de (in German). Mönchengladbach. Archived from the original on 19 April 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  15. ^ "RE 13". eurobahn (in Dutch). Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  16. ^ Mönchengladbach: ICE-Anbindung nach Berlin (accessed Nov. 2009)
  17. ^ "Bio". The Moseley Society Local History Group. 2012.
  18. ^ "Gottschalk, Marie Karoline Elisabeth (1912-1989)". Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland (in Dutch). Retrieved 2 January 2022.
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Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Mönchengladbach.
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