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My Bonnie Lies over the Ocean

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"My Bonnie Lies over the Ocean", or simply "My Bonnie", is a traditional Scottish folk song and children’s song that is popular in Western culture. It is listed in Roud Folk Song Index as No. 1422.[1] The song has been recorded by numerous artists since the beginning of the 20th century, and many parody versions also exist.

My Bonnie Lies over the Ocean
GenreScottish folk music
My Bonnie Lies over the Ocean
A MIDI recording of the song's melody
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My Bonnie Lies over the Ocean
A 1901 recording of the song by the Haydn Quartet
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The best known recording of the song may be a rock and roll version titled "My Bonnie" by Tony Sheridan and The Beatles, recorded in the first ever commercial recording session that featured The Beatles. The resulting single is generally regarded as the Beatles' first single.[2]

History

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Although the song's origin is uncertain, its original subject could be Charles Edward Stuart ('Bonnie Prince Charlie'):[3] after the defeat of the Prince at the Battle of Culloden in 1746 and his subsequent exile, his Jacobite supporters could have sung this song or one like it in his honour; and thanks to the ambiguity of the term "Bonnie", which can refer to a woman as well as to a man, they could pretend it was a love song.

In 1881, under the duo of pseudonyms H. J. Fuller and J. T. Wood, Charles E. Pratt published sheet music for "Bring Back My Bonnie to Me".[4][5][6] Theodore Raph, in his 1964 book American Song Treasury: 100 Favorites, writes people were requesting the song at sheet music stores in the 1870, and Pratt was convinced to publish a version of it under the pseudonyms. The song became a big hit, especially popular with college singing groups, but also for any group singing.[5]

Another song from the English tradition titled "My Barney Lies over the Ocean" has a slightly different melody, and it is said to be an antecedent of "My Bonnie". In the liner notes for 1975 album "For Pence and Spicy Ale" where the English traditional singing group The Watersons recorded a version, the musicologist A. L. Lloyd says about "My Barney": "A stage song favoured by Irish comedians from the 1860s on. During the 1880s, apparently on American university campuses, close harmony groups remade it into the better-known—and even more preposterous—'My Bonny Lies over the Ocean'. Watersons had this from Bob Davenport who learnt it from a Frank Quinn 78."[7]

Early recordings

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Many early recordings were recorded under the title "Bring Back My Bonnie to Me", such as the recording released by the vocal group Haydn Quartet in 1901.[8] Others with the same title include an instrumental version by The Taylor Trio (1916),[9] and a vocal version by Alma Gluck and Orpheus Quartet (1918).[10] The song was recorded in many different musical styles; for example, the country group The Leake County Revelers recorded a country version in 1927 with the title "My Bonnie Lies over the Ocean",[11] a big band version was recorded by Glen Gray and the Casa Loma Orchestra in 1938,[12] and a calypso-style version by Ella Fitzgerald with Bobby Orton's Teen-Aces in 1952,[13][14] released as the flip side of "Trying".[15]

In 1919, Billy Murray released a different song titled "My Barney Lies Over the Ocean (Just the Way He Lied to Me)", where a few modified lines of "My Bonnie" was used as the chorus. It was sung from a female perspective where she suspected her significant other (the "Barney" of the title) of cheating and lying.[16]

There have been a handful of field recordings of traditional versions. Birmingham resident Cecilia Costello was recorded singing a version by Peter Kennedy in 1951, whilst the "East Grinstead Old People's Club" of East Grinstead, Sussex, England sang a version to Ken Stubbs in 1960, which can be heard online via the Vaughan Williams Memorial Library website.[17] Traditional versions of the song have also been recorded in the United States[18] and Canada.[19]

Lyrics

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My Bonnie lies over the ocean,
My Bonnie lies over the sea,
My Bonnie lies over the ocean,
Oh, bring back my Bonnie to me.

[Chorus]
Bring back, bring back,
Oh, bring back my Bonnie to me, to me.
Bring back, bring back,
Oh, bring back my Bonnie to me.

Oh, blow ye winds over the ocean,
Oh, blow ye winds over the sea,
Oh, blow ye winds over the ocean,
And bring back my Bonnie to me.

[Repeat Chorus]

Last night as I lay on my pillow,
Last night as I lay on my bed,
Last night as I lay on my pillow,
I dreamt that my Bonnie was dead.

[Repeat chorus]

The winds have blown over the ocean,
The winds have blown over the sea,
The winds have blown over the ocean,
And brought back my Bonnie to me.

[Repeat chorus]

Variations and parodies

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The structure and tune of the song made it a suitable vehicle for parody, and numerous variations and parodies of the song have been created over the years.[20] Some of these may be sung as children songs,[21][22] and many have become common campfire song for organizations such as the Boy Scouts.[23][24][25] These campfire versions are occasionally accompanied by interactive movements,[26] such as sitting down or standing up every time a word that begins with the letter "b" is sung.[24] Two examples are given below, the first may be sung as additional verses or variations for the song, the second a song titled "Oh God, How the Money Rolls In" sung to the tune of "My Bonnie":[20][27]

Another variant popular in the Scouting movement goes under titles such as "My Father's a Lavatory Cleaner", "Shine Your Buttons with Brasso", and "Sweet Violets".[29][30][31] Its history is unknown, but the references to the cleaning material Brasso, its price of three ha'pence (three halfpennies), and its availability from Woolworths, suggest a possible origin in English music hall, or among British or ANZAC troops, in the early 20th century. It is Roud folk song index no. 10232.[32]

Tony Sheridan and the Beatles

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"My Bonnie"
 
Side A of the UK single
Single by Tony Sheridan and the Beatles or
the Beatles with Tony Sheridan
from the album My Bonnie
B-side"The Saints (When the Saints Go Marching In)"
Released23 October 1961 (Germany)
5 January 1962 (UK)
27 January 1964 (US)
Recorded22 June 1961
VenueFriedrich-Ebert-Halle, Hamburg, Germany
GenreRock and roll
Length2:42
LabelPolydor (Germany)
Songwriter(s)Traditional, arranged by Tony Sheridan
Producer(s)Bert Kaempfert
Tony Sheridan and the Beat Brothers singles chronology
"My Bonnie"
(1961) 		"Sweet Georgia Brown"
(1964)
The Beatles UK singles chronology
"My Bonnie"
(1962) 		"Love Me Do"
(1962)
The Beatles US singles chronology
"I Want to Hold Your Hand"
(1963) 		"My Bonnie"
(1964) 		"Twist and Shout"
(1964)
Audio video
"My Bonnie" on YouTube

A rock n' roll arrangement of the song was recorded by Tony Sheridan and the Beatles.[33] It was titled "My Bonnie",[34] and subtitled "Mein Herz ist bei dir nur"[35] ("My Heart is with You Only") in its German language version.[36] The band was credited as the Beat Brothers in its original release; their name was changed because the German producer wanted to avoid association with the similar sounding German slang "pidels" (pronounced "peedles" meaning "little willies"),[37] and the "Beat Brothers" was thought more understandable to the German audience.[38]

Recording

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Tony Sheridan and the Beatles (with Pete Best on drums) were signed by bandleader Bert Kaempfert to Polydor, and they recorded a number of songs including "My Bonnie" in their first recording session on 22 June 1961 at the Friedrich-Ebert-Halle in Hamburg, West Germany. These songs were the Beatles' first commercial recordings. Kaempfert produced the song, assisted by sound engineer Karl Hinze.[38] "My Bonnie" was said to have been chosen because it was a song known to the Germans.[39]

Tony Sheridan sang lead on the song, starting with a slow Elvis Presley style introduction. The Beatles were the backing band; Paul McCartney provided vocal harmony and shouts, Best on drums provided a constant "2-and, 4" beat on the faster part of the song, and George Harrison on guitar notably on the bridge.[39] This is how Sheridan describes his arrangement of the song: "The [slow] introduction was in A, now we did a very innovative thing, we went in to C to Rock and roll."[40] He described their preparation for their recording session of My Bonnie, in these words:

"Paul, I knew he was a natural bass player, so I said to Paul, "Can you do the second part of my solo? Can you play just C and nothing else? The low C? You just need to stay on the same note". And he did. If you listen to My Bonnie, in the second part of the solo, you will hear Paul doing exactly that, which shows he was a great bass player. He still is."[41]

Personnel

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Release and response

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"My Bonnie" was first released as a single in October 1961 in West Germany, with "The Saints (When the Saints Go Marching In)" its B-side. According to McCartney in 1962, it reached top 5 on the German hit parade.[2][42]

The single is said to have been instrumental in bringing the Beatles to the attention of Brian Epstein (even though Epstein was likely to have been aware of the group before then), when a customer requested the record at his music store NEMS in Liverpool. Epstein subsequently went to see the Beatles at The Cavern Club and became their manager.[38] Brian Epstein placed a large order of the single for NEMS, which persuaded the German label to release the single on 5 January 1962 in the UK, this time credited to Tony Sheridan and the Beatles.[43] However, it did not chart in the UK in 1962, but charted in 1963 at No. 48 after the Beatles became popular. In July 1963, Polydor released "My Bonnie" as an EP in the UK in order to capitalise on the success of the Beatles.[44] The single was also released in the United States during the Beatlemania, this time around with the Beatles credited as the lead artist, and it reached the No. 26 spot on the Billboard chart.[45]

John Lennon later expressed his dislike for the Beatles' recording with Sheridan, as he said: "It's just Tony Sheridan singing, with us banging in the background. It's terrible. It could be anybody."[38] George Harrison, however, was enthusiastic about the initial release of their recording, and said that he "didn't stop playing it for days". For a short while the band performed the song in shows, with Lennon taking over on lead vocals.[46]

Both "My Bonnie" and "The Saints" were included on Sheridan's My Bonnie album. Sheridan's first version of "Sweet Georgia Brown" was also recorded with the Beatles and issued on an E.P. in 1962. This was the third and last song with the Beatles to be credited to the Beat Brothers.[47] When the Beatles gained fame, all eight recordings made by the Beatles in Hamburg in 1961 and 1962 were compiled on the German album The Beatles' First! in 1964 and issued elsewhere in subsequent years. "My Bonnie", along with "Ain't She Sweet" and "Cry for a Shadow", was placed on Anthology 1 in 1995.[48]

Weekly charts

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Chart (1962–1964) Peak
position
Australia (Kent Music Report)[49] 29
Denmark (Salgshitlisterne Top 20)[50] 8
Finland (The Official Finnish Charts)[51] 17
Sweden (Kvällstoppen)[52] 19
UK Singles (OCC)[53] 48
US Billboard Hot 100[54] 26
West Germany (GfK)[55] 32

Other versions

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  • Duane Eddy and the Rebels recorded an instrumental version titled "Bonnie Come Back",[56] which reached No. 26 on the Billboard Hot 100,[57] No. 15 in Canada,[58] and No. 12 on the UK chart in 1960.[59]
  • Ray Charles released a R&B version titled "My Bonnie" [60] in 1958.[61] It was included in his 1959 album What I Say.[62]
  • Pete Seeger sang a song titled "My Children Are Seven in Number" [63] based on the tune of "My Bonnie" to promote the labour movement and show solidarity with striking workers.[64] The song was included in his 1956 album American Industrial Ballads as well as other compilations.[65]
  • "My Bonnie Lies Over the Ocean" was recorded by the American quintet Bounding Main and released on their 2011 album Kraken Up.[66]

In modern culture

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  • The Fleischer brothers filmed this song in DeForest Phonofilm, part of their Song Car-Tunes series, released 15 September 1925, and notable as the first film to use the "follow the bouncing ball" technique.[67][68]
  • My Bunny Lies Over The Sea,[69] a short Bugs Bunny cartoon film whose title parodies the song, was released by Warner Brothers in 1948.[70]
  • On December 20, 2011, JibJab released a video about the year 2011 in review with a song called "2011, Buh-Bye",[71] to the tune of the title song.[72]
  • In 2012 Hollie Steel starred and sang "My Bonnie Lies over the Ocean"[73][74] in the 55 minute musical docudrama, Children on the Titanic[75] available on Amazon Video [76] and on YouTube.[77]
  • In 1940, refugees aboard the Dunera ship "learned from their British warders" this song's tune and, in response to maltreatment, including to their luggage, they composed and sang "regularly on board the ship": "My luggage went into the ocean, My luggage went into the sea, My luggage was thrown in the ocean, Oh, bring back my luggage to me!"[78]

References

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  1. ^ "My Bonnie Lies over the Ocean". Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b Humphries, Patrick; Dogget, Peter (2010). The Beatles: The Music And The Myth. Omnibus Press. pp. 61–63. ISBN 9780857123619.
  3. ^ Herman Finer (1956). Governments of greater European powers: a comparative study of the governments and political culture of Great Britain, France, Germany, and the Soviet Union, Volume 1. Holt. p. 178.
  4. ^ Burton, Jack (1962). The Blue Book of Tin Pan Alley: A Human Interest Encyclopedia of American Popular Music. Century House. pp. 9, 47.
  5. ^ a b Raph, Theodore (1986-01-01). The American Song Treasury: 100 Favorites. Courier Corporation. pp. 201–203. ISBN 978-0-486-25222-3.
  6. ^ Herder, Ronald (1998). 500 Best-loved Song Lyrics. Dover Publications. p. 231. ISBN 978-0-486-29725-5.
  7. ^ The Watersons, "For Pence and Spicy Ale", Topic Records, catalogue no. 12TS265, 1975, UK
  8. ^ "Bring Back My Bonnie To Me by the Haydn Quartet". Internet Archive. 1901.
  9. ^ "Bring Back My Bonnie to Me". Internet Archive. 1916.
  10. ^ "Bring Back My Bonnie to Me by Alma Gluck and Orpheus Quartet". Internet Archive. 1918.
  11. ^ "My Bonnie Lies Over the Ocean by The Leake County Levelers". Internet Archive. 25 October 1927.
  12. ^ "My Bonnie Lies over the Ocean by Glen Gray the Casa Loma Orchestra, Pee Wee Hunt". Internet Archive. 1938.
  13. ^ "Teem Combo Features New Sounds". Jet. Vol. 22, no. 21. 1952. p. 60.
  14. ^ "My Bonnie Lies over the Ocean by Ella Fitzgerald with Bobby Orton's Teen-Aces". Internet Archive.
  15. ^ "The Billboard Picks". Billboard. August 23, 1952. p. 42.
  16. ^ "My Barney Lies Over the Ocean (Just the Way He Lied to Me". Archive.org. 1919.
  17. ^ "My Bonny (VWML Song Index SN29364)". The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. Retrieved 2020-10-10.
  18. ^ "Born in Hard Luck (Roud Folksong Index S414870)". The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. Retrieved 2020-10-10.
  19. ^ "My Bonny Lies Over the Ocean (Roud Folksong Index S391994)". The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. Retrieved 2020-10-10.
  20. ^ a b Abernethy, Francis Edward; Untiedt, Kenneth L. (2004). Both Sides of the Border: A Scattering of Texas Folklore. University of North Texas Press. pp. 187–188. ISBN 9781574411843.
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  24. ^ a b "Campfire Song Book - Audience participation songs". Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
  25. ^ Mechling, Jay (2004). On My Honor: Boy Scouts and the Making of American Youth. University of Chicago Press. p. 58. ISBN 9780226517056.
  26. ^ a b "Songs - Campfire Sing-a-longs". right leg, left leg, stand up, sit down
  27. ^ Cray, Ed (1999). The Erotic Muse. University of Illinois Press. p. 107. ISBN 978-0252067891.
  28. ^ Folksinger's Wordbook. Oak Publications. 1973. p. 31. ISBN 9781783234608.
  29. ^ "75 Camp Fire Songs" (PDF). barnetscouts.com. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  30. ^ "My Father's a Lavatory Cleaner". edgwarescouts.org.uk.
  31. ^ "Shine Your Buttons with Brasso". Mudcat Cafe. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  32. ^ "Phyllis Quat She Died in the Springtime". Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
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  34. ^ "My Bonnie". YouTube. 29 September 2015.
  35. ^ "My Bonnie (Mein Herz ist Bei Dir Nur)". YouTube. 23 September 2014.
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  37. ^ Van der Kiste, John (2014). A Beatles Miscellany. Fonthill Media.
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  39. ^ a b Perone, James E. (2009). Mods, rockers, and the music of the British invasion. Praeger Publishers. pp. 61–63. ISBN 9780275998608.
  40. ^ "Tony Sheridan talks about Hamburg and The Beatles - July 2003". YouTube. 19 February 2013.
  41. ^ "RTÉ Documentary on One - Are You Tony Sheridan? - The story of a self-confessed 'Irish Vagabond', with Martin Duffy, 2010-07-17". Raidió Teilifís Éireann, Ireland's National Public Service Media. Rte.ie. 29 February 2016.
  42. ^ The Cambridge Companion to the Beatles. Cambridge University Press. 2009. p. 33. ISBN 9781139828062.
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  45. ^ Gooden, Joe (27 January 1964). "US single release: My Bonnie/The Saints". Retrieved 25 June 2021.
  46. ^ Lewisohn, Mark (2013). The Beatles - All These Years - Extended Special Edition: Volume One: Tune In. Hachette UK. ISBN 9781408705452.
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  52. ^ Hallberg, Eric (1993). Eric Hallberg presenterar Kvällstoppen i P 3: Sveriges radios topplista över veckans 20 mest sålda skivor 10. 7. 1962 - 19. 8. 1975. Drift Musik. p. 130. ISBN 9163021404.
  53. ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company.
  54. ^ "The Beatles Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved November 4, 2021.
  55. ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Tony Sheridan – My Bonnie (Mein Herz ist bei dir nur)" (in German). GfK Entertainment charts.
  56. ^ "Bonnie Came Back - Duane Eddy". YouTube. 21 November 2014.
  57. ^ "The Billboard Hot 100". Billboard. January 18, 1960.
  58. ^ "CHUM Hit Parade - January 25, 1960".
  59. ^ "Duane Eddy". The Official Charts Company.
  60. ^ "My Bonnie - Ray Charles". YouTube. 5 November 2014.
  61. ^ The Beatles: Music Roots. Wise Publications. 2011. ISBN 9781783239818.
  62. ^ The Cambridge Companion to Recorded Music. Cambridge University Press. 2009. ISBN 9780521865821.
  63. ^ "My Children Are Seven in Number - Pete Seeger". YouTube. 8 June 2018.
  64. ^ Janet Sturman, ed. (2019). The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Music and Culture. SAGE Publications. ISBN 9781506353371.
  65. ^ King Dunaway, David (2011). A Pete Seeger Discography: Seventy Years of Recordings. Scarecrow Press. pp. 24, 45, 193. ISBN 9780810877191.
  66. ^ My Bonnie Lies Over the Ocean (28 September 2019). "Bounding Main". Bounding Main. Retrieved 2024-02-29.
  67. ^ John Grant (2001). Masters of Animation. Watson–Guptill. ISBN 0-8230-3041-5.
  68. ^ Fleischer, Dave (1925-09-15), My Bonnie (Animation, Short), Out of the Inkwell Films, retrieved 2024-11-08
  69. ^ "Looney Tunes "My Bunny Lies over the Sea" Opening and Closing". YouTube. 4 February 2020.
  70. ^ Warner Brothers (1948) My Bunny Lies Over The Sea at IMDb  ; Animation, Short, Comedy
  71. ^ "JibJab Year in Review "2011, Buh-Bye!"". YouTube. 20 December 2011.
  72. ^ "Funny eCards, Personalized Birthday eCards, and Holiday Cards - JibJab.com". Archived from the original on 2013-01-21. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
  73. ^ Amazon.com 10 song 34 minute album from BB5 Records Ltd. available as mp3 download. Retrieved 20 June 2012
  74. ^ "My Bonnie Lies over the Ocean - Hollie Steel". YouTube. 3 February 2022.
  75. ^ website for "Children on the Titanic" accessed 11 August 2013.
  76. ^ Amazon listing for "Children on the Titanic" accessed 26 December 2014
  77. ^ "Children on the Titanic - Full Movie". YouTube.
  78. ^ Sephen Gabriel Rosenberg (12 December 2015). "HMT Dunera: the scandal and the salvation". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 8 March 2020.



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