The Tephromelataceae are a family of lichenized fungi in the order Lecanorales. The family was circumscribed by Austrian lichenologist Josef Hafellner in 1984.[2] Tephromelataceae comprises the genera Tephromela, Calvitimela, Mycoblastus and Violella, which together constitute a well-supported monophyletic group.[3][4]
| Tephromelataceae | |
|---|---|
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| Tephromela atra found in France | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Lecanorales |
| Family: | Tephromelataceae Hafellner (1984) |
| Type genus | |
| Tephromela M.Choisy (1929)
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| Genera | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Taxonomy
editThe family Mycoblastaceae, proposed by the German lichenologist Josef Hafellner to contain the genus Mycoblastus, was also published in the same 1984 publication;[2] it was later placed into synonymy with Tephromelataceae. The latter name takes precedence because of its first adopted use.[3]
Description
editTephromelataceae lichens typically form a crustose (crust-like) thallus. They mostly engage in a symbiotic relationship with chlorococcoid green algae, specifically from the genus Trebouxia, to form lichenised structures; instances of them living on other lichens (lichenicolous) are rare.[5]
The reproductive structures of Tephromelataceae lichens, called ascomata, are predominantly apotheciate, meaning they have an open, saucer-like structure. This family has two main types of apotheciate ascomata: the lecanorine type, found in the genera Calvitimela and Tephromela, which have a margin similar in colour and texture to the thallus; and the lecideine type, present in Mycoblastus and Violella, characterised by a margin that is different from the thallus.[5]
The internal structure of these reproductive bodies (the hamathecium) consists of paraphyses, which are filament-like cells that can be simple or branched and often pigmented. These structures typically have an amyloid reaction, meaning they change colour when stained with iodine. The asci, which are the spore-bearing cells, are semifissitunicate, possessing a special double-layered structure. These asci have a unique amyloid apical tholus (a dome-like structure at the top of the ascus) with amyloid walls, and contain a pale central area and a darker top.[5]
Spore production varies within this family; each ascus typically contains eight spores, but this can be reduced to just one or two. These spores are ellipsoid in shape, hyaline (translucent), and do not react to amyloid staining. For asexual reproduction, Tephromelataceae lichens produce pycnidia, which are small, flask-shaped structures that release simple, rod-like to thread-like spores called conidia.[5]
The chemical makeup of these lichens is diverse, including compounds like depsides (e.g., atranorin), depsidones, dibenzofurans, fatty acids, and lichexanthone.[5]
Genera
editAs of January 2024[update], Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) include 4 genera and 74 accepted species in the family Tephromelataceae. Following the genus name is the taxonomic authority, year of publication, and the number of species:[6]
- Calvitimela Hafellner (2001)[7] – 11 spp.
- Mycoblastus Norman (1852)[8] – 12 spp.
- Tephromela M.Choisy (1929)[9] – 49 spp.
- Violella T.Sprib. (2011)[3] – 2 spp.
References
edit- ^ Kraichak, Ekaphan; Crespo, Ana; Divakar, Pradeep K.; Leavitt, Steven D.; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2017). "A temporal banding approach for consistent taxonomic ranking above the species level". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 2297. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7.2297K. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-02477-7. PMC 5442095. PMID 28536470.
- ^ a b Hafellner, J. (1984). "Studien in Richtung einer natürlichen Gliederung der Sammelfamilien Lecanoraceae und Lecideaceae" [Studies in the direction of a natural division of the collective families Lecanoraceae and Lecideaceae]. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia (in German). 79: 241–371.
- ^ a b c Spribille, Toby; Goffinet, Bernard; Barbara, Klug; Muggia, Lucia; Obermayer, Walter; Mayrhofer, Helmut (2011). "Molecular support for the recognition of the Mycoblastus fucatus group as the new genus Violella (Tephromelataceae, Lecanorales)". The Lichenologist. 43 (5): 445–466. doi:10.1017/S0024282911000478. PMC 3428935. PMID 22936837.
- ^ Bendiksby, Mika; Haugan, Reidar; Spribille, Toby; Timdal, Einar (2015). "Molecular phylogenetics and taxonomy of the Calvitimela aglaea complex (Tephromelataceae, Lecanorales)". Mycologia. 107 (6): 1172–1183. doi:10.3852/14-062. PMID 26354804.
- ^ a b c d e Jaklitsch, Walter; Baral, Hans-Otto; Lücking, Robert; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2016). Frey, Wolfgang (ed.). Syllabus of Plant Families: Adolf Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien. Vol. 1/2 (13 ed.). Berlin Stuttgart: Gebr. Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, Borntraeger Science Publishers. p. 128. ISBN 978-3-443-01089-8. OCLC 429208213.
- ^ "Tephromelataceae". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
- ^ Hafellner, Josef; Türk, Roman (2001). "Die Lichenisierten Pilze Österreichs: Eine Checkliste der Bisher Nachgewiesenen Arten mit Verbreitungsangaben". Stapfia. 76: 3–167.
- ^ Norman, J.M. (1853). "Conatus praemissus redactionis novae generum nonullorum lichenum". NYT Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne (in Latin). 7: 213–252.
- ^ Choisy, M. (1929). "Genres nouveaux pour la lichénologie dans le groupe des Lecanoracées". Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France (in French). 76 (3): 521–527. Bibcode:1929BSBF...76..521C. doi:10.1080/00378941.1929.10837179.