NVA is a three-letter acronym for:
- Benito Salas Airport, with IATA code NVA
- National People's Army, or Nationale Volksarmee, the military of former German Democratic Republic
- NVA (film), a German film from 2005 about the NVA
- National Volleyball Association, a men's professional volleyball league in America
- New Flemish Alliance (Dutch: Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie), a Flemish political party
- No value added, management term
- Nonivamide, an organic compound
- Normandy Veterans' Association, an association of Allied ex-servicemen who served in the 1944 Normandy invasion
- North Vietnamese army, also known as the People's Army of Vietnam
- NVA (arts organisation), based in Glasgow, Scotland
- Network Virtual Appliance, a virtual networking component