Wikipedia

GeForce 700 series

(Redirected from NVIDIA GeForce GT 745M)
For GeForce cards with a model number of 7XX0, see GeForce 7 series.

The GeForce 700 series (stylized as GEFORCE GTX 700 SERIES) is a series of graphics processing units developed by Nvidia. While mainly a refresh of the Kepler microarchitecture (GK-codenamed chips), some cards use Fermi (GF) and later cards use Maxwell (GM). GeForce 700 series cards were first released in 2013, starting with the release of the GeForce GTX Titan on February 19, 2013, followed by the GeForce GTX 780 on May 23, 2013. The first mobile GeForce 700 series chips were released in April 2013.

GeForce 700 series

GTX Titan Z released in May of 2013; the series' flagship unit sporting dual Kepler GK110 processors and the final Nvidia graphics card supporting dual-GPU configuration on a single PCB board.
Release dateFebruary 19, 2013; 11 years ago (February 19, 2013)
Codename
  • GK110
  • GK208
  • GM108
  • GM107
Architecture
ModelsGeForce series
  • GeForce GT series
  • GeForce GTX series
Transistors
  • 292M (GF119) 40 nm
  • 585M (GF117) 28 nm
  • 1.02B (GK208) 28 nm
  • 1.27B (GK107) 28 nm
  • 2.54B (GK106) 28 nm
  • 3.54B (GK104) 28 nm
  • 7.08B (GK110) 28 nm
Fabrication process
Cards
Entry-level
  • GeForce GT 705
  • GeForce GT 710
  • GeForce GT 720
  • GeForce GT 730
  • GeForce GT 740
  • GeForce GTX 745
Mid-range
  • GeForce GTX 750
  • GeForce GTX 750 Ti
  • GeForce GTX 760 192-Bit
  • GeForce GTX 760
  • GeForce GTX 760 Ti
  • GeForce GTX 770
High-end
  • GeForce GTX 780
Enthusiast
  • GeForce GTX 780 Ti
  • GeForce GTX Titan
  • GeForce GTX Titan Black
  • GeForce GTX Titan Z
API support
DirectXDirect3D 12.0 (feature level 11_0)[2][3] Shader Model 6.7 (Maxwell), Shader Model 6.5 (Kepler) or Shader Model 5.1 (Fermi)
OpenCLOpenCL 3.0[a]
OpenGLOpenGL 4.6
VulkanVulkan 1.2[1]
SPIR-V
History
PredecessorGeForce 600 series
VariantGeForce 800M series
SuccessorGeForce 900 series
Support status
Fermi cards unsupported.
Security updates for Kepler until September 2024.
Maxwell fully supported.

Overview

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GK110 was designed and marketed with computational performance in mind. It contains 7.1 billion transistors. This model also attempts to maximise energy efficiency through the execution of as many tasks as possible in parallel according to the capabilities of its streaming processors.

With GK110, increases in memory space and bandwidth for both the register file and the L2 cache over previous models, are seen. At the SMX level, GK110's register file space has increased to 256KB composed of 64K 32bit registers, as compared to Fermi's 32K 32bit registers totaling 128 KB. As for the L2 cache, GK110 L2 cache space increased by up to 1.5MB, 2x as big as GF110. Both the L2 cache and register file bandwidth have also doubled. Performance in register-starved scenarios is also improved as there are more registers available to each thread. This goes in hand with an increase of total number of registers each thread can address, moving from 63 registers per thread to 255 registers per thread with GK110.

With GK110, Nvidia also reworked the GPU texture cache to be used for compute. With 48KB in size, in compute the texture cache becomes a read-only cache, specializing in unaligned memory access workloads. Furthermore, error detection capabilities have been added to make it safer for use with workloads that rely on ECC.[4]

Dynamic Super Resolution (DSR) was added to Kepler GPUs with the latest Nvidia drivers.[5]

Architecture

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Main articles: Fermi (microarchitecture), Kepler (microarchitecture), and Maxwell (microarchitecture)
 
GeForce GTX 780 PCB and die
 
A GTX 780M GPU with MXM socket

The GeForce 700 series contains features from both GK104 and GK110. Kepler based members of the 700 series add the following standard features to the GeForce family.

Derived from GK104:

  • PCI Express 3.0 interface
  • DisplayPort 1.2
  • HDMI 1.4a 4K x 2K video output
  • Purevideo VP5 hardware video acceleration (up to 4K x 2K H.264 decode)
  • Hardware H.264 encoding acceleration block (NVENC)
  • Support for up to 4 independent 2D displays, or 3 stereoscopic/3D displays (NV Surround)
  • Bindless Textures
  • GPU Boost
  • TXAA
  • Manufactured by TSMC on a 28 nm process

New Features from GK110:

  • Compute Focus SMX Improvement
  • CUDA Compute Capability 3.5
  • New Shuffle Instructions
  • Dynamic Parallelism
  • Hyper-Q (Hyper-Q's MPI functionality reserve for Tesla only)
  • Grid Management Unit
  • Nvidia GPUDirect (GPU Direct's RDMA functionality reserve for Tesla & Quadro only)
  • GPU-Boost 2.0

Compute focus SMX improvement

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With GK110, Nvidia opted to increase computational performance. The single biggest change from GK104 is that rather than 8 dedicated FP64 CUDA cores, GK110 has up to 64, giving it 8x the FP64 throughput of a GK104 SMX. The SMX also sees an increase in space for register file. Register file space has increased to 256KB compared to Fermi. The texture cache are also improved. With a 48KB space, the texture cache can become a read-only cache for compute workloads.[4]

New shuffle Instructions

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At a low level, GK110 sees additional instructions and operations to further improve performance. New shuffle instructions allow for threads within a warp to share data without going back to memory, making the process much quicker than the previous load/share/store method. Atomic operations are also overhauled, speeding up the execution speed of atomic operations and adding some FP64 operations that were previously only available for FP32 data.[4]

NVENC

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Main article: Nvidia NVENC

Hyper-Q

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Hyper-Q expands GK110 hardware work queues from 1 to 32. The significance of this being that having a single work queue meant that Fermi could be under occupied at times as there wasn't enough work in that queue to fill every SM. By having 32 work queues, GK110 can in many scenarios, achieve higher utilization by being able to put different task streams on what would otherwise be an idle SMX. The simple nature of Hyper-Q is further reinforced by the fact that it's easily map to MPI, a common message passing interface frequently used in HPC. As legacy MPI-based algorithms that were originally designed for multi-CPU systems that became bottlenecked by false dependencies now have a solution. By increasing the number of MPI jobs, it's possible to utilize Hyper-Q on these algorithms to improve the efficiency all without changing the code itself.[4]

Microsoft DirectX support

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Nvidia Kepler GPUs of the GeForce 700 series fully support DirectX 11.0. All GeForce 700 series card also support DirectX 12.0 with feature level 11_0.

Dynamic parallelism

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Dynamic parallelism ability is for kernels to be able to dispatch other kernels. With Fermi, only the CPU could dispatch a kernel, which incurs a certain amount of overhead by having to communicate back to the CPU. By giving kernels the ability to dispatch their own child kernels, GK110 can both save time by not having to go back to the CPU, and in the process free up the CPU to work on other tasks.[4]

Products

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GeForce 700 (7xx) series

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MSI low-profile GeForce 710

The GeForce 700 series was designed for desktop architecture. Cheaper and lower performing products were expected to be released over time. Kepler supports 11.1 features with 11_0 feature level through the DirectX 11.1 API, however Nvidia did not enable four non-gaming features in Hardware in Kepler (for 11_1).[6][7]

  • 1 Shader Processors : Texture mapping units : Render output units
  • 2 Pixel fillrate is calculated as the number of ROPs multiplied by the base core clock speed
  • 3 Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of TMUs multiplied by the base core clock speed.
  • 4 Single precision performance is calculated as 2 times the number of shaders multiplied by the base core clock speed.
  • 5 Double precision performance of the GTX Titan and GTX Titan Black is either 1/3 or 1/24 of single-precision performance depending on a user-selected configuration option in the driver that boosts single-precision performance if double-precision is set to 1/24 of single-precision performance,[8] while other Kepler chips' double precision performance is fixed at 1/24 of single-precision performance.[9] GeForce 700 series Maxwell chips' double precision performance is 1/32 of single-precision performance.[10]
  • 6 SLI supports connecting up to 4 identical graphics cards for a 4-way SLI configuration. Those supporting 4-way SLI can support 3-way & 2-way SLI, however a dual-GPU card already implements 2-way SLI internally, thus only 2 dual-GPU cards can be used in SLI to give a 4-way SLI configuration.

GeForce 700M (7xxM) series

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Some implementations may use different specifications.

Model Launch Code name Fab (nm) Bus interface Core config1 Clock speed Fillrate Memory API support (version) Processing power2
(GFLOPS) 		TDP (watts) Notes
Core (MHz) Shader (MHz) Memory (MT/s) Pixel (GP/s) Texture (GT/s) Size (MB) Bandwidth (GB/s) Type Bus width (bit) DirectX OpenGL OpenCL Vulkan
GeForce 705M[11] June 1, 2013 GF119[b] 40 PCIe 2.0 x16 48:8:4 775 1550 1800 1.48 5.9 up to 2048 ? DDR3 64 12.0 (11_0) 4.6 1.1 1.3 141.7 12 Rebadged 520M
GeForce 710M[12] April 1, 2013 GF117[b] 28 96:16:4 775 1550 1800 3.1 12.4 up to 2048 14.4 64 297.6 15
GeForce GT 720M[13] April 1, 2013 96:16:4 800 1600 1600 2.5 10 up to 2048 12.8 64 240 33
December 25, 2013 GK208 192:16:8 800 2.9 11.5 1.2 276 33
GeForce GT 730M[14] April 1, 2013 GK107 PCIe 3.0 x16 384:32:16 725 725 1800 5.8 23 up to 2048 14.4 – 64.0 DDR3 GDDR5 128 1.1 552.2 33
March 6, 2014 GK208 PCIe 2.0 x8 384:16:8 5.8 11.5 64
GeForce GT 735M[15] April 1, 2013 PCIe 2.0 x8 384:32:8 889 889 2000 4.6 9.2 up to 2048 16.0 DDR3 64 1.2 441.6 33
GeForce GT 740M[16] April 1, 2013 GK107 PCIe 3.0 x16 384:32:16 810-1033 810-1033 1800/3600 6.48 25.9 up to 2048 14.4 – 57.6 DDR3 GDDR5 128 1.1 622.1 45
June 20, 2013 GK208 PCIe 3.0 x8 384:32:8 980-1033 980-1033 8.3 33.1 64 1.2 752.6 33
GeForce GT 745M[17] April 1, 2013 GK107 PCIe 3.0 x16 384:32:16 837 837 2000 – 5000 4.39 17.6 up to 2048 32.0 – 80.0 128 642.8 45
GeForce GT 750M[18] April 1, 2013 384:32:16 967 967 2000 – 5000 7.53 30.1 up to 4096 32 – 80 128 1.1 722.7 50
GeForce GT 755M[19] Un­known 384:32:16 1020 1020 5400 15.7 31.4 up to 2048 86.4 GDDR5 128 752.6 50
GeForce GTX 760M[20] May 30, 2013 GK106 768:64:16 657 657 4008 10 40.2 2048 64.1 128 964.6 55
GeForce GTX 765M[21] May 30, 2013 768:64:16 850 850 4008 12.8 51 2048 64.1 128 1.2 1224 75
GeForce GTX 770M[22] May 30, 2013 960:80:24 811 811 4008 14.1 56.5 3072 96.2 192 1356 75
GeForce GTX 780M[23] May 30, 2013 GK104 1536:128:32 823 823 5000 24.7 98.7 4096 160.0 256 2369 100
  1. ^ In OpenCL 3.0, OpenCL 1.2 functionality has become a mandatory baseline, while all OpenCL 2.x and OpenCL 3.0 features were made optional.
  2. ^ a b Lacks hardware video encoder

Chipset table

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GeForce 700 (7xx) series

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See also: Comparison table of GeForce 700 Series
Model Launch Code name Fab (nm) Transistors (million) Die size (mm2) Bus interface SMX count Core config[a] Clock rate Fillrate Memory configuration Supported API version Processing power (GFLOPS)[b] TDP (Watts) Release Price (USD)
Base (MHz) Average Boost (MHz) Max Boost[c] (MHz) Memory (MHz) Pixel (GP/s) Texture (GT/s) Size (MB) Bandwidth (GB/s) DRAM type Bus width (bit) Vulkan[d] Direct3D[e] OpenGL OpenCL Single precision Double precision
GeForce GT 705[27][f] March 27, 2014 GF119-300-A1 TSMC 40 nm 292 79 PCIe 2.0 x16 1 48:8:4 810 — — 898
(1796) 		3.24 6.5 512
1024 		14.4 DDR3 64 n/a 12 4.6 1.1 155.5 19.4 29 OEM
GeForce GT 710[28] GK208-301-A1 TSMC 28 nm 1020 79 PCIe 2.0 x8 192:16:8 823 — — 900 (1800) 6.6 13.2 512 64 1.2 1.2 316.0 13.2
January 26, 2016 GK208-203-B1 PCIe 2.0 x8, PCIe x1 192:16:8 954 — — 900 (1800)
1253 (5010) 		7.6 15.3 1024
2048 		14.4
40.0 		DDR3
GDDR5 		366 15.3 19 $35–45
GeForce GT 720[29] March 27, 2014 GK208-201-B1 PCIe 2.0 x8 192:16:8 797 — — 900 (1800)
1253 (5010) 		6.4 12.8 1024
2048 		14.4
40.0 		306 12.8 $49–59
GeForce GT 730
[30][g][h] 		June 18, 2014 GK208-301-A1 2 384:16:8 902 — — 900
(1800) 		7.22 14.44 1024[31]
2048
4096 		14.4 DDR3 692.7 28.9 23 $69–79
GK208-400-A1 384:16:8 902 — — 1250
(5000) 		7.22 14.44 1024
2048[32] 		40.0 GDDR5 25
GF108 TSMC 40 nm 585 116 PCIe 2.0 x16 96:16:4 700 — — 900
(1800) 		2.8 11.0 1024
2048
4096 		28.8 DDR3 128 n/a 1.1 268.8 33.6 49
GeForce GT 740[i] May 29, 2014 GK107-425-A2 TSMC
28HP 		1270 118 PCIe 3.0 x16 384:32:16 993 — — 891
(1782) 		15.9 31.8 28.5 128 1.2 1.2 762.6 31.8 64 $89–99
384:32:16 993 — — 1252
(5008) 		15.9 31.8 80.1 GDDR5
GeForce GTX 745 February 18, 2014 GM107-220-A2 1870 148 3 384:24:16 1033 Un­known Un­known 900
(1800) 		16.5 24.8 1024
4096 		28.8 DDR3 1.3 793.3 24.8 55 OEM
GeForce GTX 750 GM107-300-A2 4 512:32:16 1020 1085 1163 1250
(5000) 		16.3 32.6 1024
2048
4096[33] 		80 GDDR5 1044.5 32.6 $119
GeForce GTX 750 Ti GM107-400-A2 5 640:40:16 1020 1085 1200 1350
(5400) 		16.3 40.8 1024
2048
4096 		86.4 1305.6 40.8 60 $149
GeForce GTX 760 192-bit October 17, 2013 GK104-200-KD-A2 3540 294 6 1152:96:24 824 888 889 1450
(5800) 		19.8 79.1 1536
3072 		139.2 192 1.2 1896.2 79.0 130 OEM
GeForce GTX 760 June 25, 2013 GK104-225-A2 1152:96:32 980 1033 1124 1502
(6008) 		31.4[j] 94 2048
4096 		192.3 256 2257.9 94.1 170 $249 ($219)
GeForce GTX 760 Ti[k] September 27, 2013[34] GK104 7 1344:112:32 915 980 1084 1502
(6008) 		29.3 102.5 2048 192.3 2459.5 102.5 OEM
GeForce GTX 770 May 30, 2013 GK104-425-A2 8 1536:128:32 1046 1085 1130 1752.5
(7010) 		33.5 134 2048 4096 224 3213.3 133.9 230 $399 ($329)
GeForce GTX 780 May 23, 2013 GK110-300-A1 7080 561 12 2304:192:48 863 900 1002 1502
(6008) 		41.4[j] 160.5 3072 6144[35] 288.4 384 3976.7 165.7 $649 ($499)
GeForce GTX 780 Ti[36][37][38] November 7, 2013 GK110-425-B1 15 2880:240:48 876 928 1019 1752.5
(7010) 		42.0[j] 210.2 3072 336.5 5045.7 210.2 $699
GeForce GTX TITAN[39][40][41] February 21, 2013 GK110-400-A1 14 2688:224:48 837 876 993 1502
(6008) 		40.2 187.5 6144 288.4 4499.7 1300[42]-1499.9 $999
GeForce GTX TITAN Black February 18, 2014 GK110-430-B1 15 2880:240:48 889 980 1058 1752.5
(7010) 		42.7 213.4 336.5 5120.6 1706.9
GeForce GTX TITAN Z May 28, 2014 2x GK110-350-B1[43] 2x 7080 2x 561 2x 15 2x 2880:240:48 705 876 Un­known 1752.5
(7010) 		2x 33.8 2x 169 2x 6144 2x 336.5 2x 384 4.5 5046x2 1682x2[44] 375 $2999
Model Launch Code name Fab (nm) Transistors (million) Die size (mm2) Bus interface SMX count Core config[a] Clock rate Fillrate Memory configuration Supported API version Processing power (GFLOPS)[k] TDP (Watts) Release Price (USD)
Base (MHz) Average Boost (MHz) Max Boost[c] (MHz) Memory (MHz) Pixel (GP/s) Texture (GT/s) Size (MB) Bandwidth (GB/s) DRAM type Bus width (bit) Vulkan Direct3D[e] OpenGL OpenCL Single precision Double precision
  1. ^ a b Unified shaders: texture mapping units: render output units
  2. ^ To calculate the processing power see Maxwell (microarchitecture)#Performance, or Kepler (microarchitecture)#Performance.
  3. ^ a b Max Boost depends on ASIC quality. For example, some GTX TITAN with over 80% ASIC quality can hit 1019 MHz by default, lower ASIC quality will be 1006 MHz or 993 MHz.
  4. ^ Maxwell supports Vulkan version 1.3, while Kepler only support Vulkan version 1.2, Fermi does not support the Vulkan API at all.[24]
  5. ^ a b Kepler supports some optional 11.1 features on feature level 11_0 through the Direct3D 11.1 API, however Nvidia did not enable four non-gaming features to qualify Kepler for level 11_1.[25][26]
  6. ^ The GeForce GT 705 (OEM) is a rebranded GeForce GT 610, which itself is a rebranded GeForce GT 520.
  7. ^ The GeForce GT 730 (DDR3, 64-bit) is a rebranded GeForce GT 630 (Rev. 2).
  8. ^ The GeForce GT 730 (DDR3, 128-bit) is a rebranded GeForce GT 630 (128-bit).
  9. ^ The GeForce GT 740 (OEM) is a rebranded GeForce GTX 650.
  10. ^ a b c As a Kepler GPC is able to rasterize 8 pixels per clock, fully enabled GK110 GPUs (780 Ti/TITAN Black) can only output 40 pixels per clock (5 GPCs), despite 48 ROPs and all SMX units being physically present. For GTX 780 and GTX 760, multiple GPC configurations with differing pixel fillrate are possible, depending on which SMXs were disabled in the chip: 5/4 GPCs, or 4/3 GPCs, respectively.
  11. ^ a b The GeForce GTX 760 Ti (OEM) is a rebranded GeForce GTX 670.

Discontinued support

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Nvidia stopped releasing 32-bit drivers for 32-bit operating systems after the last Release 390.x driver, 391.35, was released in March 2018.[45]

Kepler notebook GPUs moved to legacy support in April 2019 and stopped receiving security updates in April 2020.[46] All notebook GPUs from the 7xxM family were affected by this change.

Nvidia announced that after Release 470 drivers, it would transition driver support for the Windows 7 and Windows 8.1 operating systems to legacy status and continue to provide critical security updates for these operating systems through September 2024.[47]

Nvidia announced that all remaining Kepler desktop GPUs would transition to legacy support from September 2021 onwards and be supported for critical security updates through September 2024.[48] The Nvidia GeForce GTX 745, 750 and 750 Ti from the 7xx desktop GPU family would not be affected by this change.

In Windows the last driver to fully support CUDA with 64-Bit Compute Capability 3.5 for Kepler in Windows 7 and Windows 8.1 64-bit is 388.71, tested with latest CUDA-Z and GPU-Z, after that driver, the 64-Bit CUDA support becomes broken for GeForce 700 series GK110 with Kepler architecture.

The last driver where monitor type detection is working properly on Windows XP is 352.86.[49]

See also

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Notes

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References

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  1. ^ "Vulkan Driver Support". Nvidia. February 10, 2016. Retrieved April 25, 2018.
  2. ^ Kowaliski, Cyril (March 21, 2014). "DirectX 12 will also add new features for next-gen GPUs". The Tech Report. Retrieved April 1, 2014.
  3. ^ Mujtaba, Hassan (June 5, 2015). "AMD Confirms GCN Cards Don't Feature Full DirectX 12 Support – Feature Level 11_1 on GCN 1.0, Feature Level 12_0 on GCN 1.1/1.2". WCCFtech. Retrieved June 8, 2015.
  4. ^ a b c d e "NVIDIA Launches Tesla K20 & K20X: GK110 Arrives At Last". AnandTech. November 12, 2012.
  5. ^ "GeForce Game Ready Driver For Civilization: Beyond Earth & Lords Of The Fallen Available Now". geforce.com. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  6. ^ "NVIDIA Kepler not fully compliant with DirectX 11.1". Guru3D.com. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  7. ^ Nvidia Doesn't Fully Support DirectX 11.1 with Kepler GPUs, But… - Bright Side Of News . Archived December 29, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  8. ^ "GK110: The True Tank - Nvidia GeForce GTX Titan 6 GB: GK110 On A Gaming Card". tomshardware.com. February 19, 2013. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  9. ^ "Nvidia GeForce GTX 780 Ti Review: GK110, Fully Unlocked". tomshardware.com. November 7, 2013. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  10. ^ Smith, Ryan; T S, Ganesh (February 18, 2014). "The NVIDIA GeForce GTX 750 Ti and GTX 750 Review: Maxwell Makes Its Move". AnandTech. p. 5. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
  11. ^ "NVIDIA GeForce 705M". notebookcheck.net. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  12. ^ "GeForce 710M - Specifications - GeForce". www.geforce.com. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  13. ^ "GeForce GT 720M - Specifications - GeForce". www.geforce.com. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  14. ^ "GeForce GT 730M - Specifications - GeForce". www.geforce.com. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  15. ^ "GeForce GT 735M - Specifications - GeForce". www.geforce.com. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  16. ^ "GeForce GT 740M - Specifications - GeForce". www.geforce.com. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  17. ^ "GeForce GT 745M - Specifications - GeForce". www.geforce.com. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  18. ^ "GeForce GT 750M - Specifications - GeForce". www.geforce.com. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  19. ^ "GeForce GT 755M - Specifications - GeForce". www.geforce.com. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  20. ^ "GeForce GTX 760M - Specifications - GeForce". www.geforce.com. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  21. ^ "GeForce GTX 765M - Specifications - GeForce". www.geforce.com. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  22. ^ "GeForce GTX 770M - Specifications - GeForce". www.geforce.com. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  23. ^ "GeForce GTX 780M - Specifications - GeForce". www.geforce.com. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  24. ^ "The Khronos Group". May 31, 2022.
  25. ^ "Nvidia Kepler not fully compliant with Direct3D 11.1". Guru3d.com. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  26. ^ Nvidia Doesn't Fully Support DirectX 11.1 with Kepler GPUs, But... - BrightSideOfNews.com Archived September 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  27. ^ "Nvidia GeForce GT 705 | techPowerUp GPU Database". Techpowerup.com. Archived from the original on June 15, 2014. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  28. ^ "Nvidia GeForce GT 710 | techPowerUp GPU Database". Techpowerup.com. Archived from the original on June 15, 2014. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  29. ^ "Nvidia GeForce GT 720 | techPowerUp GPU Database". Techpowerup.com. Archived from the original on June 15, 2014. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  30. ^ "GT 730 | Specifications". GeForce.com. Archived from the original on December 12, 2015. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  31. ^ "GeForce GT 730 1GB-ZOTAC". ZOTAC. Archived from the original on July 19, 2016. Retrieved July 12, 2017.
  32. ^ "EVGA - Products - EVGA GeForce GT 730 2GB (Low Profile) - 02G-P3-3733-KR". Archived from the original on February 15, 2017. Retrieved April 29, 2017.
  33. ^ "AFOX GTX 750 4 GB Specs". TechPowerUp. Retrieved August 11, 2021.
  34. ^ "NVIDIA GeForce GTX 760 Ti OEM Specs". Archived from the original on May 30, 2016. Retrieved August 6, 2018.
  35. ^ "Articles - EVGA GeForce GTX 780 6GB Step-Up Available Now!". EVGA. March 21, 2014. Archived from the original on January 13, 2016. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  36. ^ "GeForce GTX780 Ti. Specifications". Geforce.com. Archived from the original on December 12, 2015. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  37. ^ "Nvidia GeForce GTX 780 Ti has 2880 CUDA cores". Videocardz.com. October 31, 2013. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  38. ^ "PNY dévoile son nouveau foudre de guerre: la GeForce GTX 780 TI". Web-engage.augure.com. Archived from the original on November 9, 2013. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  39. ^ "GeForce GTX TITAN". Geforce.com. Archived from the original on December 5, 2015. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  40. ^ "TITAN Graphics Card". Nvidia.com. Archived from the original on February 24, 2013. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  41. ^ "Nvidia's GeForce GTX Titan, Part 1: Titan For Gaming, Titan For Compute". Anandtech.com. Archived from the original on December 4, 2015. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  42. ^ "Titan's Compute Performance (aka Ph.D Lust) - Nvidia's GeForce GTX Titan Review, Part 2: Titan's Performance Unveiled". Anandtech.com. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved December 11, 2015. the calculated fp64 peak of Titan is 1.5 TFlops. However, under heavy load in fp64 mode, the card may underclock below the listed 837MHz to remain within the power and thermal specifications
  43. ^ "售价21999元！NV旗舰GTX TITAN Z评测-太平洋电脑网". June 5, 2014. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
  44. ^ "NVIDIA GeForce GTX TITAN Z Specs". TechPowerUp. Retrieved February 26, 2020.
  45. ^ "Support Plan for 32-bit and 64-bit Operating Systems - NVIDIA". nvidia.custhelp.com. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  46. ^ "Support Plan for Kepler-series GeForce GPUs for notebooks | NVIDIA".
  47. ^ "Support Plan for Windows 7 and Windows 8/8.1 | NVIDIA".
  48. ^ "Support Plan for Kepler-series GeForce GPUs for Desktop | NVIDIA".
  49. ^ "Anyway to Change Monitor Type Shown in Nvidia Control Panel? \ VOGONS". www.vogons.org. Retrieved January 31, 2021.
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