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Nam Định () is a city in the Red River Delta of northern Vietnam. It is the capital of Nam Định Province and is well known as the birthplace of Pho. The city of Nam Định is 90 km southeast of Vietnam's capital, Hanoi. From August 18–20 of each year, there is a festival held in Nam Định called the Cố Trạch. This celebration honors General Trần Hưng Đạo, a 13th-century national hero who led Vietnamese forces to victory over the invading Mongols.
Nam Định
Thành phố Nam Định | |
|---|---|
| Nam Định City | |
 Map of Nam Dinh in 1924 | |
| Nickname(s): Côi Mountain and Vị River (Non Côi sông Vị, 孤山洧川) | |
 | |
| Population | |
| • Total | 364,181 |
| Time zone | UTC+7 (Indochina Time) |
Name
editThe name of the city, under Trần dynasty, was Thiên Trường (天長) meant "where the Sky remains for Eternity". It is first mentioned to mark the birth of the city in 1262 by Emperor Trần Thái Tông. The name Thiên Trường was probably the name for a whole phủ, which at the time would be equivalent to a special prefecture or province nowadays. Under Trần dynasty, the city was considered to be the second capital, besides Thăng Long.
Under Lê dynasty, the city belonged to the Prefecture of Sơn Nam (山南), meant "Southern Mountains" or "to the South of the Mountains" in 1466 by Emperor Lê Thánh Tông, and Sơn Nam Hạ (山南下), meant "The South Prefecture of the Southern Mountains" in compared to Sơn Nam Thượng (山南上), meant "The North Prefecture of the Southern Mountains".
The modern name of the city, Nam Định, was first mentioned in 1831 under the reign of Emperor Minh Mạng of the Nguyễn dynasty as the capital of Nam Định Province.
History
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Sports
editNam Định has two sports facilities, Thiên Trường Stadium (formerly Cuối Stadium) and Trần Quốc Toản Indoor Stadium, which are host to football and volleyball matches. Both sports centers are located on Hùng Vương Street.
Hà Nam Ninh won the National Football Champions (V.League) in 1985 with star player Nguyễn Văn Dũng. In 2001, Nam Định took second place in the National Championships, losing to Bình Định F.C. In 2007, the Nam Định football team changed its name to Đạm Phú Mỹ Nam Định and won its first National Cup under its new name. In 2009 the Nam Định Football team changed its name to Megastar Nam Định F.C and failed in standing on V.League to 1st level tournament 2010.
Main sights
edit- Trần Temple, a historical temple worshipping Emperors, Generals of Trần dynasty. It traces the 13th history of Viet Nam with three Mongol invasions.
- Phổ Minh Pagoda, a Buddhist pagoda built under Ly Dynasty in 11th century. This temple still well preserved its original architecture from 11th and 12th century AD.
- Church of Nam Định, a Christian Church built in 19th century under French Indochina colonial period.
- Church of Khoái Đồng, a Romanesque Christian Church built in 1941 by the Spanish Santo Domingo Order.
- The birth place of Pho.
Climate
edit| Climate data for Nam Định | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 32.3 (90.1) |
35.2 (95.4) |
36.7 (98.1) |
40.5 (104.9) |
39.7 (103.5) |
40.2 (104.4) |
40.0 (104.0) |
39.0 (102.2) |
36.5 (97.7) |
35.5 (95.9) |
34.0 (93.2) |
31.3 (88.3) |
40.5 (104.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 19.6 (67.3) |
20.2 (68.4) |
22.5 (72.5) |
27.0 (80.6) |
31.3 (88.3) |
33.0 (91.4) |
33.0 (91.4) |
32.0 (89.6) |
30.8 (87.4) |
28.7 (83.7) |
25.4 (77.7) |
21.8 (71.2) |
27.1 (80.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 16.5 (61.7) |
17.4 (63.3) |
19.9 (67.8) |
23.8 (74.8) |
27.4 (81.3) |
29.1 (84.4) |
29.4 (84.9) |
28.6 (83.5) |
27.4 (81.3) |
25.0 (77.0) |
21.7 (71.1) |
18.1 (64.6) |
23.7 (74.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 14.4 (57.9) |
15.6 (60.1) |
18.1 (64.6) |
21.7 (71.1) |
24.7 (76.5) |
26.4 (79.5) |
26.8 (80.2) |
26.1 (79.0) |
25.0 (77.0) |
22.5 (72.5) |
19.1 (66.4) |
15.6 (60.1) |
21.3 (70.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 4.6 (40.3) |
5.3 (41.5) |
6.4 (43.5) |
12.1 (53.8) |
17.2 (63.0) |
19.2 (66.6) |
21.3 (70.3) |
22.3 (72.1) |
16.7 (62.1) |
13.3 (55.9) |
6.7 (44.1) |
5.1 (41.2) |
4.6 (40.3) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 27.3 (1.07) |
27.4 (1.08) |
50.4 (1.98) |
85.7 (3.37) |
175.9 (6.93) |
192.1 (7.56) |
240.2 (9.46) |
298.5 (11.75) |
315.4 (12.42) |
202.3 (7.96) |
66.1 (2.60) |
27.0 (1.06) |
1,701.4 (66.98) |
| Average rainy days | 9.8 | 12.8 | 16.8 | 13.1 | 12.7 | 13.1 | 16.1 | 14.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 7.0 | 6.4 | 146.3 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 84.6 | 87.6 | 89.5 | 88.6 | 84.4 | 82.0 | 81.8 | 85.2 | 85.1 | 83.0 | 81.9 | 81.7 | 84.6 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 69.9 | 42.4 | 40.8 | 90.3 | 184.9 | 178.6 | 195.9 | 165.2 | 161.9 | 153.4 | 130.8 | 110.6 | 1,517.2 |
| Source 1: Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology[1] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: The Yearbook of Indochina[2] | |||||||||||||
International relations
editSister towns and sister cities
Notable people
editIn antiquity and the pre-modern era
edit- Trần Hưng Đạo (Chữ Nho: 陳興道, 1228 - 1300), Tran Dynasty royal prince, statesman and military commander.
- Trần Thái Tông (Chữ Nho: 陳太宗, 1218 - 1277), first Emperor of Trần dynasty, the second Grand Emperor of Trần dynasty.
- Nguyễn Hiền(Chữ Nho: 阮賢, 1234 - 1256), Vietnamese youngest trạng nguyên, achieved the highest score on highest level of the Imperial examination when he was only 13 years old, scholar, writer, politician.
- Lương Thế Vinh (Chữ Nho: 梁世榮, 1441 - 1496), prominent Vietnamese mathematician, scholar, politician.
- Đào Sư Tích (Chữ Nho: 陶師錫, 1350 - 1396), Vietnamese scholar, writer, politician.
In the modern era
edit- Trường Chinh (1907 - 1988), Vietnamese communist political leader, revolutionary and theoretician.
- Lê Đức Thọ (1911 - 1990), Vietnamese revolutionary general, diplomat, and politician. The first Asian to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, jointly with United States Secretary of State Henry Kissinger in 1973, but refused the award.
- Nguyễn Cơ Thạch (1921 – 1998), Vietnamese revolutionary, diplomat, and politician, one of the peace-maker of Paris Peace Accords.
- Trần Tế Xương (1870 - 1907), or under pen name of Tú Xương, a Vietnamese famous writer, poet.
- Văn Cao (
- Phạm Văn Thuần (born 1992), Vietnamese footballer
References
edit- ^ "Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology" (PDF).
- ^ Annual statistics of Vietnam Archived 10 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine
External links
edit- Official site of Nam Định Government Archived 2014-12-18 at the Wayback Machine