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RRH Portreath

(Redirected from Nancekuke)

Remote Radar Head Portreath or RRH Portreath is an air defence radar station operated by the Royal Air Force. It has a coastal location at Nancekuke Common, approximately 1.25 kilometres (0.78 mi) north east of the village of Portreath in Cornwall, England.

RRH Portreath
Part of RAF St Mawgan
Near Portreath, Cornwall in England
Radar dome at RRH Portreath
RRH Portreath is located in Cornwall
RRH Portreath
RRH Portreath
Shown within Cornwall
Coordinates50°16′17″N 005°15′48″W / 50.27139°N 5.26333°W / 50.27139; -5.26333
TypeRemote Radar Head
Area351 hectares (870 acres)[1]
Site information
OwnerMinistry of Defence
OperatorRoyal Air Force
Controlled byNo. 1 Group (Air Combat)
ConditionOperational
Radar typeBAE Systems Type 102 Air Defence Radar
Site history
Built1940 (1940)
In use1941–1950 (Royal Air Force)
c.1950–1980 (Chemical Defence Establishment)
1980 – present (Royal Air Force)
Garrison information
OccupantsRadar Flight (South)

Its radar (housed in a fibre glass or golf ball protective dome) provides long-range coverage of the south western approaches to the United Kingdom.

Second World War

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Handley Page Halifax of No. 295 Squadron RAF based at Holmesley South, getting airborne from Portreath, Cornwall, towing Airspeed Horsa glider to Tunisia, during Operation Beggar, 1943

Previously known as RAF Portreath, the station was built during 1940, opened in March 1941 and had a varied career during the Second World War, initially as a RAF Fighter Command station, from October 1941 as a ferry stop-over for aircraft bound to/from North Africa and the Middle East,[2] as a temporary stop-over for United States Army Air Forces and Royal Canadian Air Force units, and then as a RAF Coastal Command station. By the end of the war, it had run down and in May 1950 was handed back to the government by the RAF.[3]

The following squadrons were here at some point:[3]

Units:

Chemical weapons centre

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The base reverted to its local name Nancekuke and became an outstation of Chemical Defence Establishment (CDE) Porton Down. Manufacture of the nerve agent Sarin in a pilot production facility commenced there in the early 1950s, producing about 20 tons of the nerve agent from 1954 until 1956. Nancekuke became an important factory for stockpiling the UK's Chemical Defences during the Cold War. Periodically, small amounts of VX were also produced at Nancekuke. Production of VX agent was intended mainly for laboratory test purposes, but also to validate plant designs and optimise chemical processes for potential mass-production. However, full-scale mass-production of VX agent never took place. In the late 1950s, the chemical weapons production plant at Nancekuke was mothballed, but was maintained through the 1960s and 1970s in a state whereby production of chemical weapons could easily re-commence if required.[22]

In 2000 it was reported that former workers at the Nancekuke base had died as a result of exposure to nerve gas, and the matter was raised in the Houses of Parliament.[23] It was alleged by The Independent that toxic materials had been dumped in nearby mineshafts.[24] Works to cleanse the site began in 2003.[25]

Further uses

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Many of the CDE buildings were demolished in 1979–1980. From 1978 to 1981, some buildings on the site were used by Pattern Recognition Munitions for small arms ammunition development. The company also constructed a 100-yard firing range for ammunition testing. The RAF re-opened parts of the site as a manned radar station in October 1980, a Control and Reporting Post (CRP) for UK Air Surveillance. In 1986 an underground CRP was built as part of the new UKADGE (United Kingdom Air Defence and Ground Environment) project. New mobile radar systems manufactured by Marconi Electronic Systems, including an S723 Martello (RAF Type 91), and telecommunication installations were added during the mid-1980s. In the late 1990s, the installation became remote operation, and the primary radar was replaced with the British Aerospace (BAe) Type 101. The radar now in use at Portreath is a Type 102 Air Defence Radar.[26] During May 1995, ceased as an independent RAF station and became a satellite of RAF St Mawgan.[27]

As part of a major upgrade of RRH sites around the U.K. the MOD began a programme titled HYDRA in 2020 to install new state of the art communications buildings, radar towers and bespoke perimeter security.[28][29]

The surrounding area is occasionally used for rallying. Although data is sent and used by the UK's Control and Reporting centres, Portreath's parent station was RAF St. Mawgan for administration.[30]

See also

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References

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Citations

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  1. ^ "Defence Estates Development Plan 2009 – Annex A". GOV.UK. Ministry of Defence. 3 July 2009. p. 44. Retrieved 30 April 2019.
  2. ^ O'Connor, Bernard (August 2010). RAF Tempsford: Churchill's Most Secret Airfield. Amberley Publishing Ltd. p. 34. ISBN 9781445610412. Retrieved 28 December 2018.
  3. ^ a b "Portreath". Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  4. ^ Jefford 1988, p. 45.
  5. ^ Jefford 1988, p. 59.
  6. ^ Jefford 1988, p. 61.
  7. ^ Jefford 1988, p. 62.
  8. ^ Jefford 1988, p. 63.
  9. ^ a b Jefford 1988, p. 75.
  10. ^ Jefford 1988, p. 77.
  11. ^ Jefford 1988, p. 78.
  12. ^ a b Jefford 1988, p. 80.
  13. ^ a b c Jefford 1988, p. 82.
  14. ^ Jefford 1988, p. 83.
  15. ^ Jefford 1988, p. 86.
  16. ^ Jefford 1988, p. 89.
  17. ^ Jefford 1988, p. 90.
  18. ^ Jefford 1988, p. 100.
  19. ^ Jefford 1988, p. 101.
  20. ^ Lake 1999, p. 91.
  21. ^ Lake 1999, p. 153.
  22. ^ "Nancekuke Remediation Project". Ministry of Defence (Archived by The National Archives). Archived from the original on 8 December 2010. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
  23. ^ "Workers 'poisoned' at nerve gas base". BBC News.
  24. ^ Ministry admits chemical war dump [dead link]
  25. ^ "Chemical base area considered safe". 28 August 2003.
  26. ^ "Freedom of Information Request (Ministry of Defence) 2016/02644" (PDF). What Do They Know. 9 March 2016.
  27. ^ March 1996, p. 79.
  28. ^ "Upgrading RAF Remote Radar Heads". 17 June 2021.
  29. ^ "Behind the scenes of Programme HYDRA". 23 June 2021.
  30. ^ "About St Mawgan". RAF St Mawgan. Retrieved 18 February 2022.

Bibliography

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  • Jefford, C. G. (1988). RAF Squadrons. A comprehensive record of the movement and equipment of all RAF squadrons and their antecedents since 1912. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife. ISBN 1-85310-053-6.
  • Lake, Alan (1999). Flying units of the RAF. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife. ISBN 1-84037-086-6.
  • March, Peter R. (1996). Royal Air Force Yearbook 1996. Fairford, UK: Royal Air Force Benevolent Fund.
  • Smith, Graham (2000). Devon and Cornwall airfields in the Second World War. Countryside Books, 288pp, ISBN 1-85306-632-X.
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