Narbuta Bek was the Khan of Kokand from c. 1764 to 1801.[1] He was the grandson of Abdul Karim Bek his only successor of not killed by Irdana Bek in a coup for power.[2] He had three sons: Alim, Umar, and Shahrukh. His son Alim succeeded him as khan until he was overthrown by Umar.
| Narbuta Bek | |
|---|---|
| Khan of Kokand | |
| Reign | c. 1764–1801 |
| Predecessor | Shahruhk Bek |
| Successor | Alim Khan |
| Born | c. 1749 Kokand |
| Died | c. 1801 Tashkent |
| Religion | Islam |
Rise to Power
editWhen Irdana Khan died in 1764, Sulayman Bek took over but only reigned or a few months, followed by Shahrukh Bek,[2] after which Narbuta was handed power at the age of 14.[3] Records indicate that Narbuta long refused to accept power but eventually caved in to pressure from nobility and representatives of Kokand.[4]
Domestic Policy
editUnder the reign of Narbuta there was substantial immigration to Kokand due to the economic stability and prosperity in the Khanate. Falus (copper coins) of the smallest denomination issued in Kokand were used during his reign.[3] No internal uprisings occurred against the Khanate.[5]
Foreign Policy
editNarbuta attempted to conquer and annex Tashkent on multiple occasions but failed, but was able to conquer the cities of Andijan, Namangan, Ush, and Margilan.[1][2] Khujand changed hands several times between Kokand and other empires but was never fully annexed to Kokand.
Diplomatic relations were also maintained with the Qing dynasty from the year 1774 until his death, with the Chinese recognizing him as Khan.
The Khanate saw itself competing with the Emirate of Bukhara, except when trying to annex Ura-Tepé.[3][5] When the armies of Kokand and Bukhara attempted to takeover Ura-Tepé from its ruler Khudayar Bek, some 20,000 of their men were killed and their heads stacked into pyramids.[2]
Relations with the Qing suffered, when the contraband trade in Fergana led to the Qing imposing sanctions on Kokandian merchants.[6]
On his last expedition to Tashkent wherein he attempted to annex the city, he was captured by the army of Yunus Khoja and beheaded.[2]
References
edit- ^ a b Sobolev, Leonid Nikolaevich (1876). Latest History of the Khanates of Bokhara and Kokand. Foreign Department Press.
- ^ a b c d e Turkistan: 1. Sampson Low, Marston, Searle &Rivington. 1876. pp. 339–341.
- ^ a b c Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Masson, Vadim Mikhaĭlovich; Unesco (2003-01-01). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Development in contrast : from the sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth century. UNESCO. ISBN 9789231038761.
- ^ History of Central Asia. Moscow: Russian panorama, 2003, pg 304
- ^ a b Starr, S. Frederick (2014-12-18). Ferghana Valley: The Heart of Central Asia. Routledge. ISBN 9781317470656.
- ^ Kim, Hodong (2004-02-25). Holy War in China: The Muslim Rebellion and State in Chinese Central Asia, 1864-1877. Stanford University Press. ISBN 9780804767231.