State Anthem of the Sakha Republic
The state anthem of the Sakha Republic[a] is the regional anthem of the Sakha Republic, a federal subject of Russia. It is one of the official symbols of the Sakha Republic, along with the flag and the coat of arms of the Sakha Republic. It was originally written in the Yakut language by Savva Tarasov and Mikhail Timofeyev. The anthem was translated into Russian by Vladimir Fedorov. The music was composed by Kirill Gerasimov. It was officially adopted on 15 July 2004. The anthem's music is played in F major.[3]
| English: State Anthem of the Sakha Republic | |
|---|---|
 Music notification of the anthem with words | |
Regional anthem of Sakha Republic | |
| Lyrics | Savva Tarasov and Mikhail Timofeyev (Yakut version)[1] Vladimir Fedorov (Russian version)[2] |
| Music | Kirill Gerasimov |
| Adopted | 15 July 2004 |
Background
editCreation
editAfter the Sakha Republic became a separate constituent state of Russia, its constitution was adopted. At that time, no regional anthem of the Sakha Republic existed. The constitution only stipulates that:
The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) has the State Emblem, the National Flag and the National Anthem.
— Constitution of the Sakha Republic (1992), Article 140[4]
After the approval of the new constitution, a commission for the creation of the national anthem was formed, with the poet Savva Tarasov as the chairman. A competition for the national anthem was announced. Hundreds of submission for the national anthem was received from throughout the country, but the commission did not approved any of the submission. This caused Savva Tarasov to be replaced from her position in September 1992 by the Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Republic of Sakha, K. Koryakin.[5]
After this failure, the president of the Sakha Republic, Mikhail Nikolayev, entrusted the Ministry of Culture of the Sakha Republic, to continue the search for the anthem. In September 1995, at a meeting of the State Assembly of the Sakha Republic, a proposed anthem was presented. The lyrics of the proposed anthem was written by Dmitry Sivtsev. The music of the anthem was based on the final chorus from the opera Nyurgun Bootur, which was composed by Mark Zhirkov and Heinrich Litinsky, and was re-arranged by Y. Sheykina.[6]
In 2000, a new commission was formed under the leadership of the People's Deputy G. G. Mestnikov. The commission presented a new version of the anthem, titled "Sargı ırıata" (Саргы ырыата; "Song of the Footman"). The lyrics was written by Savva Tarasov and Mikhail Tarasov, and the music was composed by Kirill Gerasimov.[6]
Approval
editOn 26 March 2003, the President of the Sakha Republic, Vyacheslav Shtyrov, issued a decree to form a new commission to prepare the issue of the anthem, under the leadership of E.S. Nikitina. The commission chooses the work "Sargı ırıata" and recommended the work to be submitted to the State Assembly of the Sakha Republic. On 15 July 2004, the national anthem was approved by the State Assembly.[6]
On 27 April 2004 the first official performance of the anthem took place on the Day of the Republic.[6]
Previous anthems
edit"Sargılardâx saxalarbıt"
editThe song "Sargılardâx saxalarbıt" (Саргылардаах сахаларбыт; Russian: Овеянный счастьем якут; "Sakha, Covered in Happiness") was adopted as the anthem of the Tungus Republic.[7][8] The anthem itself was composed by Adam Skryabin, and the lyrics of the song was based on the poem "Iççat saxalarga" (Ыччат сахаларга) by Alampa.[9] The poem itself was written in 1917.[10]
The Internationale
editThe "Internationale" (Yakut: Интернационал, romanized: İnternatsional, Novgorodov alphabet: Internessijene:l), was the national anthem of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and the state anthem of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1922 to 1944.
The Yakut translation of the anthem was planned to be written by Semyon Novgorodov. Unfortunately, due to his nescience of the lyrics of the anthem, he handed over the task to Platon Oyunsky. It was finished on 7 December 1921. The translation was first published in the "Lena Commune" newspaper on 15 December 1921.
State Anthem of the Soviet Union
editThe "State Anthem of the Soviet Union" (Yakut: Сэбиэскэй Сойуус өрөгөйүн ырыата, romanized: Sebieskey Soyûs örögöyün ırıata; Russian: Государственный гимн Советского Союза), was the official national anthem of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and the state anthem of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1944 to 1991, replacing "The Internationale".
Usage of the anthem in Yakut ASSR
editAfter the creation of this anthem, the anthem itself was popularized all over the Soviet Union. In the Yakut ASSR, the Yakut Regional Committee of the CPSU ordered all district and city committees to organize the popularization of the anthem with the help of newspapers, radio, and the creation of study groups for the lyrics of the song, including in the Yakut language.[11]
The Council of People's Commissars of the Yakut ASSR also ordered the Radio Committee to record the Yakut version of the anthem and systematically broadcast it. A total of 15,000 copies of the lyrics were published and sent out on colorful flyers.[11]
Yakut translation of the anthem
editThe official translation of the anthem in Yakut was approved through a special commission. The commission consisted of the head of the APO of the Yakut regional committee Zakharov, People's Commissar of Education Chemezov, historian G.P. Basharin and composer Mark Zhirkov.[11]
The commission received nine submission of translations from all over the Yakut ASSR. Of all the lyrics submitted, only the lyrics by Nikolai Egorovich Mordinov and poet Sergey Stepanovich Vasilyev was selected. Both were instructed to combine both translation and polish them on January 12, 1944. The final translation was approved by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on 26 June 1944.[11]
"Saxa ırıata"
editThe song "Saxa ırıata" (Саха ырыата; "Sakha Song") was originally a poem written by Alampa in 1919. The poem was musicalized by Adam Skryabin.[12]
The song became a symbol of resistance against Soviet rule in the Yakut region from 1921 until 1923, so much that the writer of the poem, Alampa, was labelled as a "nationalist-bourgeoisie". Alampa was sent to the Solovki prison camp after his arrest. The composer of the song, Adam Skryabin, went abroad to evade the persecution and was given trial in absentia.[12]
After a long time, the song was allowed by the Soviet government to be performed publicly. The first public performance of this song was in the Victory Day celebration in the Yakut ASSR in 1945, from a gramophone record. The song was proposed to become the anthem of the Sakha Republic in 1990.[12]
Lyrics
editLyrics are official in both Yakut and Russian languages,[13] along with a singable English translation.[14]
Yakut version
edit| Cyrillic script | Latin script | IPA transcription[b] |
|---|---|---|
I |
I |
1 |
Russian version
edit| Cyrillic script | Latin script |
|---|---|
I |
I |
English version
editI
O Sakha land, thou dawn's shining light,
Thou bring'st us to good will and delight.
Like a fine rainbow thou shinest bright,
May thy destined victory be in sight.
Chorus:
Shine and enriched be, o native land!
Blossom and rejoice, o Sakha land!
Thy beauty and honour of Russia stand,
Blessed be thy land bountiful and grand!
II
Abundantly our Lena floweth,
Around thy wide borders with great strength.
She beareth harmony and good health,
Peace to our people she bestoweth.
Chorus
III
O Sakha land, thy sacred places
Guide and save us from peaks of aeons.
We shall uphold our forebears' path,
Their mandate we shall fulfill with faith.
Chorus
External links
editNotes
editReferences
editCitations
edit- ^ Gerasimov et al. 2005, pp. 18–19
- ^ Gerasimov et al. 2005, p. 19
- ^ Gerasimov et al. 2005, pp. 6–17
- ^ Fedorov 1994, p. 248
- ^ Degtyareva 2018, pp. 10–11
- ^ a b c d Degtyareva 2018, p. 11
- ^ Gogolev 1961, p. 25
- ^ Antonov 1995, pp. 94–95
- ^ Petrov 2011, p. 26
- ^ Sofronov 1976, p. 3
- ^ a b c d Krio (September 20, 2014). "О гимне СССР. Перевод сахалы. Блиц-сообщение" [About the USSR anthem. Yakut translation. Blitz message.]. forum.ykt.ru (in Russian).
- ^ a b c Degtyareva 2018, p. 10
- ^ Республика Саха Якутия, Государственный символы России
- ^ O Land of Sakha
Bibliography
edit- Antonov, P.E. (1995), Тунгусское восстание: ошибок можно было избежать [Tungus uprising: mistakes could be avoided] (in Russian), Yakutsk: Ilin
- Gogolev, Z.V. (1961), "Разгром антисоветских восстаний в 1924-1925 и 1927—1928 гг." [The defeat of the anti-Soviet uprisings in 1924-1925 and 1927-1928], Scientific Posts (in Russian) (6)
- Petrov, P. (2011), Адам Скрябин – первый якутский самодеятельный композитор [Adam Skryabin - the first Yakut amateur composer] (in Russian), Yakutsk
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Sofronov, A.I. (1976), А. И. СОФРОНОВ – АЛАМПА; ХОҺООННОР, ПОЭМАЛАР [A. I. Sofronov - Alampa; songs, poems] (PDF) (in Yakut), Yakutsk: Yakut Book Publishing
- Gerasimov, Kirill; Tarasov, Savva; Timofeyev, Mikhail; Fedorov, Vladimir (2005), Гимн Республики Саха (Якутия) [Anthem of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)] (in Russian and Yakut), Yakutsk: Bilchik
- Degtyareva, Eleanor (2018), Гимны как символ патриотизма [Anthem as a symbol of patriotism] (in Russian), retrieved December 17, 2018
- Fedorov, M.M. (1994), Конституции и конституционные акты Республики Саха (Якутия) [The Constitutions and Constitutional acts of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)], e.nlrs.ru (in Russian), Yakutsk: Sakha National Book Publishing, retrieved November 19, 2018
- Oyunsky, Platon (2005), БЫЛАТЫАН ОЙҮҮНҮСКАЙ; ХОҺООННОР, ТЫЛБААСТАР, ДРАМАТИЧЕСКАЙ ПОЭМАЛАР [Bılatıan Oyunsky; Songs, Translations, Dramatic Poems] (PDF) (in Yakut), Yakutsk: Bilchik
- Oyunsky, Platon (1920), saŋa ɔlɔq (PDF) (in Yakut), Moscow: Central Publishing of the People's of the USSR