Before the Yemeni Revolution in 2011 and the following civil war, Yemen was a one party dominant state in which the General People's Congress (GPC) held power.

edit

Yemen's Political Parties Law mandates that political parties be viable national organizations comprising at least 75 founders and 2,500 members and not restrict membership to a particular region.[1] The government provides financial support to political parties, including a stipend for newspaper publication.[1]

Elections 2003–2006

edit

The GPC captured 238 of 301 seats in parliament in the 2003 elections.[1] In the September 2006 elections for local and governorate councils, the GPC garnered 315 seats in the governorates (74 percent of the popular vote) and 5,078 local council seats (74 percent of the popular vote).[1] In the September 2006 presidential election, the Joint Meeting Parties (JMP) backed opposition candidate Faisal bin Shamlan, whose success in garnering 22 percent of the popular vote was viewed at the time as a first step in challenging the political stronghold of President Saleh and the GPC.[1] However, disputes between the GPC and the JMP in 2007 over election law amendments, coupled with the JMP’s opposition to President Saleh’s proposed democratic reform measures, have halted initial attempts to forge a dialogue between the two parties.[1]

List of parties

edit

For the sake of clarity, this section is divided into three lists. These are major parties, minor parties and defunct parties. Major parties are defined as parties which gained a seat in the last elections in 2003. Since there has been a long time without elections with a lot of political shift in between, parties that either control territory with their armed wing (such as Ansar Allah) or have over 10.000 likes on facebook are also taken into this category. All other operating parties are listed under minor parties. Parties that are long inactive are listed as defunct, although some might be revived at some point.

Major parties

edit
Party Acronym Leader Political position & ideologies
General People's Congress
المؤتمر الشعبي العام
al-Muʾtamar aš-Šaʿbī al-ʿĀmm
GPC
Yemeni Congregation for Reform
التجمع اليمني للإصلاح
at-Tajammu’u al-Yamanī lil-Iṣlāḥ
Al-Islah Mohammed al-Yadumi
Yemeni Socialist Party
الحزب الاشتراكي اليمني
al-Hizb al-Ishtiraki al-Yamani
YSP Abdulraham Al-Saqqaf
Nasserist Unionist People's Organisation
التنظيم الوحدوي الشعبي الناصري
at-Tanẓīm al-Waḥdawī al-Shaʿbī al-Nāṣirī
NUPO Abdulmalik Al-Mekhlafi Yemeni unionism
Nasserism

Anti-Houthi

Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي
Ḥizb al-Ba‘th al-‘Arabī al-Ishtirākī
ASBP Qassam Salam (pro-Houthi) Ba'athism
Arab socialism
Ansar Allah
أَنْصَار ٱللَّٰه
ʾAnṣār Allāh
Houthis Abdul-Malik al-Houthi
Yemeni Rashad Union
اتحاد الرشاد اليمني
Ittihād ar-Rashād al-Yamanī[2]
- Ahmad Muhammad Nasir

Muhammad Musa al-Amri

Salafism
Islamic democracy
Yemeni unity
National Solidarity Party
حزب التضامن الوطني
Ḥizb al-Taḍāmun al-Watanī[3]
Tadhamon - Centrism
Southern National Coalition
الائتلاف الوطني الجنوبي
al-I'tilāf al-Watanī al-Janūbī[4]
SNC Ahmad Salih al-Issa South Yemeni separatism
Al-Ahrar Organization
تنظيم الاحرار
Tanẓīm al-Aḥrār[5]
- Abduh Bashar Center-left
Anti-corruption
pro-Houthi
Yemen Renaissance Movement
تيار نهضة اليمن
Tayyār Nahḍah al-Yaman[6]
YRM - Anti-Zionism
Big tent
Yemeni unity
Economic liberalism
Union of Popular Forces
اتحاد القوي الشعبية
Ittiḥād al-Quwa ash-Sha'abiyah[7]
- - Arab nationalism
Islamic Democracy[8]

Minor parties

edit
Party Acronym Leader Political position & ideologies
Yemeni Republican Federal Party
الحزب الجمهوري الاتحادي اليمني
al-Ḥizb al-Jumhūrī al-Ittihādī al-Yamanī[9]
YRFP Sharifah al-Muqatari Republicanism
Yemeni unity
Abolishment of militias
Pan-Arabism
New Yemen Party
حزب اليمن الجديد
Ḥizb al-Yaman al-Jadīd[10]
- - Centrism[11]
anti-Houthi
Free Yemen Party
حزب اليمن الحر
Ḥizb al-Yaman al-Ḥurr[12]
FYP Nasir bin Yahya al-Arjali Pro-Houthi
National Accord Party
حزب الوفاق الوطني
Ḥizb al-Wafaq al-Watani[13]
- - Big Tent[14]
Pro-Houthi
Nasserist Reform Organisation
تنظيم التصحيح الشعبي الناصري
Tanzim at-Tashikh ash-Shabi an-Nasiri
NRO - Mujahed al-Quhali
Liberal Party of Yemen
الحزب الليبرالي اليمني
al-Ḥizb al-Lībrālī al-Yamanī [15]
- - Liberalism
Peace and Development Party
حزب السلم والتنمية
Ḥizb as-Salam wal-Tanmiyah[16]
SLM Murad al-Qudsi Islamic Democracy
Social Nationalist Party - Yemen
الحزب القومي الاجتماعي - اليمن
al-Ḥizb al-Qawamī al-Ijtimā'ī - al-Yaman[17]
SNPY Abdul Aziz al-Bakir Anti-Zionism
Pro-Houthi
Syncretic politics
Yemeni nationalism
Southern Arabian League Party
حزب رابطة الجنوب العربي
Ḥizb Rabitah al-Janub al-'Arabi[18]
- Muhammad 'Ajrumuh al-Awlaqi Southern Separatism
Conservatism
Yemeni Labour Party
حزب العمل اليمن
Ḥizb al-'Amal al-Yamani[19]
- Mukhtar al-Qushaybi Center-left
Social Democracy
National Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي القومي
Ḥizb al-Ba‘th al-‘Arabī al-Ishtirākī al-Qawmi
NASB Ahmad Shutri

Qasem Salam (pro-Houthi)

Ba'athism
Arab socialism
Yemenyoon Current
تيار يمنيون
Tayyār Yamaniyūn[20]
Yemenyoon - Big tent
Yemeni unity
National Democratic Front Party
حزب الجبهة الوطنية الديمقراطية
Ḥizb al-Jabhat al-Wataniyah ad-Dīmuqrātiyah[21]
NDFP Nasir an-Nasiri (pro-Houthi) Center-left
Arab nationalism
Justice and Development Youth Party
حزب شباب العدالة والتنمية
Ḥizb ash-Shabab al-'Adālah wat-Tanmiyah[22]
- Bakil al-Humayni pro-Houthi
an-Nahdhah Movement for Peaceful Change
حركة النهضة للتغيير السلمي
Ḥarakat an-Nahḍah li-t-Taghayīr as-Salamī[23]
an-Nahdhah Ali al-Ahmadi Social Conservatism
Islamic democracy
Justice and Building Party
حزب العدالة والبناء
Ḥizb al-'Adālah wal-Bināʾ[24]
JBP - Islamic democracy
Arab Hope Party
حزب الأمل العربي
Ḥizb al-Amal al-'Arabī [25]
- Layla ath-Thawr Center-left
Civic nationalism
Social Labour Party (Wazef)
حزب العمل الاجتماعي الوزف
Ḥizb al-'Amal al-Ijtimā'ī al-Wazif[26]
Wazef - Center-left to left-wing
National Progress Party
حزب التقدم الوطني
Ḥizb at-Taqadum al-Watani [27]
- - Centrism[28]
Yemeni Workers' Party
حزب العمال اليمني
Ḥizb al-'Ummāl al-Yamanī[29]
- - Left-wing
Yemeni Dignity Party
حزب الكرامة اليمني
Ḥizb al-Karamah al-Yamanī[30]
- Ahmad Abdurrahman al-'Ammari Patriotism
Centrism[31]
Militarism
pro-Houthi
Liberation Front Party
حزب جبهة التحرير
Ḥizb Jabhat at-Tahrīr
- - Arab nationalism
People's Democratic Party
حزب الشعب الديمقراطي
Hizb ash-Sha'ab ad-Dimuqrati[32]
Hashd - Center-left
Arab nationalism
pro-Houthi
Yemeni Social Peace Party
حزب السلام الاجتماعي اليمني
Ḥizb al-Salām al-Ijtimā'ī al-Yamanī[33]
- - Center-left
Party of the Democratic Union of Popular Forces
حزب الاتحاد الديمقراطي للقوى الشعبيه
Hizb al-Ittihad ad-Dimuqrati lil-Quwa ash-Sha'abiyah[34]
- - Arab nationalism
pro-Houthi
Democratic Nasserist Party
الحزب الناصري الديمقراطي
al-Ḥizb al-Nasiri al-Dimuqrati
DNP -Yassin Abdu Saeed Center-left
Nasserism
Arab nationalism
Hizb ut-Tahrir
حزب التحرير
Ḥizb at-Taḥrīr
HT Ata Abu Rashta Islamism
Caliphalism
Party of Truth
حزب الحق
Ḥizb al-Haqq
HP - Zaydi Islamism[35]
Party of the League of the Sons of Yemen
حزب رابطة أبناء اليمن
Hizb Rabitah Abna' al-Yaman[36]
Rai - Conservatism
Islamic Democracy
Unionist Popular Liberation Party
حزب التحرير الشعبي الوحدوي[37]
UPLP - Center-left
Arab nationalism
Yemeni Unionist Congregation
التجمع الوحدوي اليمني
at-Tajammu' al-Wahdawī al-Yamanī
- - Center-left
Arab nationalism[38]

Defunct parties

edit
Party Acronym Leader Political position & ideologies
Democratic Unionist Party
الحزب الوحدوي الديمقراطي
Ḥizb al-Wahdawi ad-Dimuqrati
- - Center-left
Arab nationalism
Democratic Septembrist Organization
التنظيم السبتمبري الديمقراطي
at-Tanẓīm as-Sabtambarī ad-Dīmuqrātī
- - Center-left
Arab nationalism
People's Vanguard Party (South Yemen)
حزب الطليعة الشعبية
Ḥizb at-Tali'ah ash-Sha'abiyah
- Abdallah Badhib Ba'athism
Popular Democratic Union
الاتحاد الشعبي الديمقراطي
Ittihad ash-Sha'abi ad-Dīmuqrātī
- - Center-left
Arab nationalism
Revolutionary Democratic Party of Yemen
الاتحاد الشعبي الديمقراطي اليمن
Ḥizb ad-Dīmuqrātī ath-Thawrī al-Yaman
- Sultan Omar Marxism-Leninism
Arab nationalism
Yemen Green Party
حزب الخضر الاجتماعي
Ḥizb al-Khadhr al-Ijtimā'ī
- - Green politics
Yemeni League Party
حزب الرابطة اليمنية
Ḥizb ar-Rabitah al-Yamaniyah
- - Center
Yemeni Popular Unity Party
حزب الوحدة الشعبية اليمنية
Ḥizb al-Wahdah ash-Sha'abiyah al-Yamaniyah
YPUP - Center-left
Arab nationalism
Yemeni Progressive Organization
التنظيم التقدمي اليمني
at-Tanzim at-Taqadumi al-Yamani
- - Center-left

List of coalitions

edit
  • The National Council for the Forces of the Peaceful Revolution was declared on 17 August 2011, amidst the Yemeni Revolution, to unite the opposition groups, parties, coalitions, and youth protesters. Among the 143 representatives elected to sit on it are leaders from Al-Islah, the South Yemen Movement, the Alliance of Yemeni Tribes, and the defected First Armoured Division.[39][40]
    • The Joint Meeting Parties (JMP) was formed in 2005 by five opposition parties to effect political and economic reform.[1] It includes the northern-based, tribal, and Islamist-oriented Yemeni Congregation for Reform (Islah) and the secular Yemeni Socialist Party (YSP), which represents the remnants of the former South Yemeni leadership.[1] According to Al Jazeera English, it was formed in 2002 and includes Islah, Yemeni Socialist Party (YSP), Hizb Al-Haq (a semi-religious party), the Unionist party, and the Popular Forces Union party.[41] The spokesperson as of 23 March 2011 is Muhammad Qahtan, who replaced Mohammed Al-Sabri.[42]
    • The Common Forum includes the five biggest opposition groups in Yemen, including Reform, Socialist, Nasserist, Popular Force and al-Haq.[43][44] (Likely just another name for the JMP.)

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Country profile: Yemen. Library of Congress Federal Research Division (August 2008).   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  2. ^ "Rashad Union's page on facebook". facebook. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  3. ^ "Solidarity Party's page on facebook". facebook. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  4. ^ "Southern National Coalition's page on facebook". facebook. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  5. ^ "Al-Ahrar Organization's page on facebook". facebook. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
  6. ^ "YRM's page on facebook". facebook. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  7. ^ "Popular Forces's page on facebook". facebook. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
  8. ^ "Party's program and history". Sawt Shoura Online. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  9. ^ "New Yemen Party's page on facebook". facebook. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  10. ^ "New Yemen Party's page on facebook". facebook. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  11. ^ Staff member. "Tomorrow, the national political party "New Yemen" will be founded (in Arabic)". Radfan Press. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
  12. ^ "FYP's page on facebook". facebook. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  13. ^ "National Accord Party's page on facebook". facebook. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  14. ^ Wasil, Abdurrahman (4 April 2013). "Sana'a: The National Accord Party was announced (in Arabic)". Retrieved 15 September 2022.
  15. ^ "Liberal Party's page on facebook". facebook. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  16. ^ "SLM's page on facebook". facebook. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  17. ^ "SNPY's page on facebook". facebook. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  18. ^ "Southern Arabian League Party's page on facebook". facebook. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
  19. ^ "Labour Party's page on facebook". facebook. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
  20. ^ "Yemenyoon's page on facebook". facebook. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  21. ^ "NDFP's page on facebook". facebook. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  22. ^ "Justice and Development Youth Party's page on facebook". facebook. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  23. ^ "Nahdhah Movement's page on facebook". facebook. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  24. ^ "JBP's page on facebook". facebook. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  25. ^ "Arab Hope Party's page on facebook". facebook. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  26. ^ "Wazef's page on facebook". facebook. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
  27. ^ "National Progress Party's page on facebook". facebook. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  28. ^ Staff member (4 April 2017). "The National Progress Party is being announced on thursday in San'a". al-Wahda News. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
  29. ^ "Workers' Party's page on facebook". facebook. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  30. ^ "Dignity Party's page on facebook". facebook. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  31. ^ Staff member. "حزب الكرامة اليمني يعقد مؤتمره التأسيسي، وينتخب الحجري أميناً عاماً للحزب". Huna Aden. Archived from the original on August 21, 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  32. ^ "Hashd's page on facebook". facebook. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
  33. ^ "Social Peace Party's page on facebook". facebook. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
  34. ^ "PDUPF's page on facebook". facebook. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
  35. ^ Quinn Mecham & Julie Chernov Hwang (2014) Islamist Parties and Political Normalization in the Muslim World, University of Pennsylvania Press, p140
  36. ^ "Rai's page on facebook". facebook. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
  37. ^ "UPLP's page on facebook". facebook. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  38. ^ "حزب التجمع اليمني يعلن تأييده لانتفاضة المواطنين ضد ارتفاع الأسعار". Mashhad al-Yemeni. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  39. ^ "Yemen's National Council". Notes by Noon. 17 August 2011. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  40. ^ "Yemen opposition forms council to lead transition". Khaleej Times. 17 August 2011. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  41. ^ Who's who in Yemen's opposition? Archived March 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Al Jazeera English, 28 February 2011
  42. ^ Yemen passes emergency laws to quell protests, The Guardian, 23 March 2011
  43. ^ Yemen activists breaking new ground, BBC News, 2 February 2011
  44. ^ Yemeni police struggle to break up clashing protesters, Al Arabiya News Channel, 14 February 2011