The State Anthem of the Republic of Belarus,[a] better known as "We Belarusians",[b] is the national anthem of Belarus. It was originally written in the 1940s and adopted in 1955 for use in the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic.[1] The music of the Belarusian SSR anthem was composed by Niescier Sakałowski and the lyrics were written by Michas Klimkovič. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the music composed by Sakalowski was kept and the lyrics were discarded. New lyrics, which were written by Klimkovič and Uładzimir Karyzna,[2] were adopted by a presidential decree issued on 2 July 2002.
| English: State Anthem of the Republic of Belarus | |
|---|---|
| Дзяржаўны гімн Рэспублікі Беларусь | |
 Sheet music | |
National anthem of Belarus | |
| Also known as | «Мы, беларусы» (English: 'We Belarusians') |
| Lyrics | Michas Klimkovič and Uladzimir Karyzna, 2002 |
| Music | Niescier Sakałowski, 1944 |
| Adopted | 24 September 1955 (music) |
| Readopted | 2 July 2002 (with current lyrics) |
| Preceded by | State Anthem of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic |
| Audio sample | |
Instrumental rendition in F major | |
Evolution
editAnthem of the Belarusian SSR
edit"My, Biełarusy" was originally used as the anthem of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic starting from 24 February 1955. The original anthem was composed by Sakałowski and the lyrics were written by Michas Klimkovič. It was presented in front of a jury in 1944, but it took 11 years of modifications before it was officially adopted.[3] When Belarus became an independent country, the national anthem was modified to drop the Communist-era lyrics. An attempt was made in 1995 to adopt Natallia Arsiennieva's poem "Mahutny Boža" as the national anthem, but the suggestion was not acted on even though it was supported by a parliamentary committee.[4]
Anthem of the Republic of Belarus
edit
After independence in 1991, the country retained the anthem of the BSSR without lyrics for official use.[4] The only legal mention of a national anthem in Belarusian law before 2002 was in the Constitution of Belarus. Section 1, Article 19 of the constitution states that "[t]he tsymbols of the Republic of Belarus as a sovereign state shall be its national flag, national emblem and national anthem." While the constitution only mentioned the use of the flag, national anthem, and arms as state symbols, each symbol had to be defined by law.[5] A law specifying a national anthem was not enacted until Presidential Decree 350 took effect on 18 July 2002, the day before Independency Day. The decree's main objective was to establish lyrics for the anthem and introduce musical notation along with the new lyrics. Moreover, the decree designated when, where, and how the anthem was to be performed.[6]
According to the newspaper Soviet Byelorussia, President Lukashenko decided on the anthem on 12 June 2002 and chose to have its first performance on Independence Day, the anniversary of the date in 1944 when the Wehrmacht was driven away from Minsk by the Red Army.[7] However, the first performance actually took place on 2 July at a concert organized by the government as part of the Belarusian independence festivities.
When Lukashenko issued his decree selecting a new national anthem, only slight changes were made to the Soviet-era hymn. While the references to Russia, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Vladimir Lenin were replaced; the overall theme of "friendship of peoples" and the original music composed by Sakałowski were preserved. The government stated that it had decided to keep Sakałowski's music in order to maintain historical continuity, and also on account of its popularity and musical quality.[8] After the national anthem was adopted, the process of adopting national symbols was completed.[8]
Reaction
editThe organization Freedom House commented on the adoption of the anthem in a report about the country, published in 2003. On page 125 of the "Country Report of Belarus", Freedom House says that President Lukashenko has "reintroduced the state symbols used by the old Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. In 2002, the president approved a streamlined version of the Soviet-era anthem "My, Biełarusy", as the country's new national anthem." The report also mentioned President Lukashenko's ban of the symbols that were used since Belarus's independence in 1991, such as the Pahonia arms and the white-red-white flag, which Lukashenko claims are associated with fascism (due to pro-Nazi Belarusian Central Rada usage during World War II).[9] In 2003, Dr. Taras Kuzio wrote in Radio Free Europe that President Lukashenko "is the quintessential Soviet Belarusian patriot who presides over a regime steeped in Soviet nostalgia." Kuzio said that the motives of Russia and Belarus in re-adopting Soviet-era symbols are part of restoring that nostalgia.[10]
Usage and regulations
editThe anthem must be performed in accordance with the lyrics and sheet music established by law. Each day, all national free to air radio stations and television networks across the country are required to play it twice; at 06:00 when going on air and again at 00:00 upon going off air. The anthem can also be performed on certain occasions, such as at government meetings, before sporting events and presidential inaugurations. While the anthem is being performed, citizens are required to stand at attention and those in military or police uniform must to be in Full Russian-style hand salute (if not in formation).[11]
National anthem proposals
edit"Vajacki Marš"
edit"Vajacki Marš" ('Warrior March') was the official anthem of the Belarusian Democratic Republic,[12] a Belarusian state that was created in 1918 but lasted only 10 months,[13] during World War I.
Since 1919, the song has been used as an anthem of Belarus by the Belarusian diaspora in Western Europe and North America, as well as in countries like Australia and Brazil. It is still considered the official anthem used by the government-in-exile of the Belarusian Democratic Republic.[14]
"Mahutny Boža"
edit"Mahutny Boža" ('Almighty God'), a religious hymn, is also actively used by those who oppose the Lukashenko regime.[12]
"Pahonia"
editThe song "Pahonia", based on the poem by Maksim Bahdanovič and set to music by Mikałaj Ščahłow-Kulikovič, has been performed a capella during the 2020 Belarusian protests and experienced a resurged popularity following them.[15][16][17]
"Małaja Biełaruś"
editA favourite in the anthem competition was the poem called "Małaja Biełaruś" ('Young Belarus') by Janka Kupała. However, the poem was never set to a musical composition, so it could not be selected as the anthem.[18]
"Žyvie Biełaruś!"
editThe anthem "Žyvie Biełaruś!" ('Long Live Belarus!'), with lyrics by Uładzimir Niaklajew and music by Vasil Rainčyk, won a 1992 non-binding contest and was occasionally used afterwards. For the 2002 contest, a revised version with the title "Krasuj, Biełaruś" ('Flourish, Belarus!') was submitted, coming first in the vote with more than 37,300 votes.[19][20] However, the commission selected the later-adopted version, which came in third, claiming that it and the other two lower-placed songs, which all shared the BSSR anthem's melody, were selected by the total majority of voters (50,271 out of a total of 113,254).[21][22]
Lyrics
editThe first verse and chorus are the most commonly performed parts of the anthem played during official ceremonies.
| Belarusian original[23][24] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| English translation[25] | Russian translation[26][d] | Ukrainian translation |
|---|---|---|
We, Belarusians, are peaceful people, |
Мы, белорусы – мирные люди, |
Ми, білоруси — мирні люди, |
Notes
edit- ^ Belarusian: Дзяржаўны гімн Рэспублікі Беларусь, romanized: Dziaržawny himn Respubliki Bielaruś, pronounced [d͡zʲarˈʐawnɨ ɣʲimn rɛˈspublʲikʲi bʲɛɫaˈrusʲ]; Russian: Государственный гимн Республики Беларусь
- ^ Belarusian: Мы, беларусы, romanized: My, biełarusy [mɨ bʲɛɫaˈrusɨ]; Russian: Мы, белорусы, romanized: My, belorusy
- ^ See Help:IPA/Belarusian and Belarusian phonology.
- ^ Alongside Belarusian, Russian is a second state language of Belarus.
References
edit- ^ "Belarus – My Belarusy". NationalAnthems.me. Retrieved 2017-08-26.
- ^ "a page on the anthem that includes a vocal version". The Website of the President. President of the Republic of Belarus. Archived from the original on 2007-10-13.
- ^ СКАЛАБАН, Виталий (2001-01-09). Когда авторы будут вскрыты.... Беларусь Сегодня (in Russian). Советская Белоруссия. Archived from the original on 2012-07-30. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
- ^ a b "The National Anthem of Belarus". A Belarus Miscellany. 2005. Archived from the original on 2008-10-12.
- ^ "Constitution of Belarus, Section 1". Press Service of the President of the Republic of Belarus. Archived from the original on February 16, 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-26.
- ^ "Указ № 350 ад 2 лiпеня 2002 г." (in Belarusian). 2002-07-02. Archived from the original on 2008-03-04.
- ^ МАСЛЮКОВА, Людмила (2002-07-12). Конкурс гимна: решающее мнение. Советская Белоруссия (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2008-02-12.
- ^ a b "State System — State Symbols". President of the Republic of Belarus. Retrieved 2007-10-13.
- ^ "Country Report of Belarus" (PDF). Nations in Transit. Freedom House. 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
- ^ Kuzio, Taras (2003-08-13). "Attitudes to Soviet past reflect nostalgia, pragmatism" (PDF). Radio Free Europe. Retrieved 2017-08-27.
- ^ Law of the Republic of Belarus. On National Symbols of the Republic of Belarus. Passed 5 July 2004. Retrieved 18 July 2007.
- ^ a b "National anthems of Great Litva". Heraldica Litvaniae. 2003. Archived from the original on 2008-02-23. Retrieved 2008-02-06.
- ^ Birgerson, Susanne Michele (2002). After the Breakup of a Multi-Ethnic Empire. Praeger/Greenwood. p. 101. ISBN 0-275-96965-7.
- ^ Дзяржаўныя сымбалі Беларускай Народнай Рэспублікі [State Symbols of the Belarusian Democratic Republic] on the official website of the Rada BNR
- ^ "Pesnyary – Пагоня (Pagonya) lyrics + English translation". lyricstranslate.com. Retrieved 2020-10-01.
- ^ "Video". 8 January 2020. Retrieved 30 August 2020 – via YouTube.
- ^ "Особенности "беларускага адраджэння" в 1918–1920–х годах — Военный информационный портал Министерства обороны Республики Беларусь". mil.by. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
- ^ "Belarus — The National Anthem". 1997. Retrieved 2008-02-22.
- ^ Людмила МАСЛЮКОВА (2002-06-12). "Актуально". sb.by (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2022-11-19. Retrieved 2022-11-19.
- ^ "Красуй, Беларусь! (Леонид Пранчак) / Стихи.ру". stihi.ru (in Belarusian). Retrieved 2024-01-28.
- ^ Кур’яновіч, Аляксандр (2018-01-01). "Карызна супраць Карэнды і неўміручы Сакалоўскі". Новы Час (in Belarusian). Retrieved 2024-01-28.
- ^ National anthem of Belarus (1991-1995) — "Žyvie Biełaruś!", 24 November 2018, retrieved 2024-01-28
- ^ "Гимн Республики Беларусь текст песни(слова)".
- ^ Ванина, Ольга (2017-09-05). Герб, флаг, гимн. Государственные символы Республики Беларусь. Litres. ISBN 9785040448951.
- ^ National Symbols, Anthem Archived 2020-10-31 at the Wayback Machine (2006). Belarusian-Chinese Committee on Trade and Economic Cooperation.
- ^ "Гимн Республики Беларусь текст песни(слова)". GL5.RU, Yandex.
External links
edit
- Скачать гимн Республики Беларусь
- Belarus: My Belarusy – Audio of the national anthem of Belarus, with information and lyrics
- "a page on the anthem that includes a vocal version". The Website of the President. President of the Republic of Belarus.
- "Decree 350 (President Lukashenko's decree selecting "My Belarusy" as the official national anthem)" (in Belarusian). 2002-07-02. Archived from the original on 2008-03-04.
- "Sovetskaya Belorussiya – An article on the selection process" (in Belarusian). Archived from the original on 2012-07-30.
- "Recordings of the Belarusian anthem". Archived from the original on 2005-05-24.