The Navaly Church bombing refers to the bombing of the Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul in Navaly (or Navali) in the Jaffna Peninsula by the Sri Lankan Air Force during the Sri Lankan Civil War on 9 July 1995. It is estimated that at least 147 Tamil civilians, who had taken refuge from the fighting inside the church, died as a result of this incident. The victims included men, women and children.[1][2]
| Navaly church bombing | |
|---|---|
  | |
| Location | Navaly, Sri Lanka |
| Coordinates | 09°42′40″N 79°59′16″E / 9.71111°N 79.98778°E |
| Date | 9 July 1995 (+6 GMT) |
| Target | Sri Lankan Tamils |
Attack type | Aerial bombardment |
| Weapons | Bomb |
| Deaths | 147 |
| Injured | Unknown but many |
| Perpetrators | Sri Lankan Air Force |
Background
editOn 19 April 1995, the LTTE broke the on going cease-fire and blew up two gunboats, SLNS Sooraya and SLNS Ranasuru of the Sri Lanka Navy thereby beginning the next phase of the Sri Lankan Civil War.[3] On 9 July 1995, the government forces launched Operation Leap Forward, which was the first stage of an offensive to retake the Jaffna Peninsula. This operation was already highlighted by the use of intense artillery shelling and aerial bombardment.[4] As part of precautions to avoid civilian casualties the military had distributed leaflets requesting local population take shelter at places of worship. For their safety hundreds of civilians had taken refuge in the Roman Catholic church in Navaly.[5]
Incident
editThe Church of St. Peter and Paul in Navaly (also spelled Navali) on the Jaffna Peninsula was bombed by a Sri Lankan military aircraft on the afternoon of 9 July 1995.[6][7] Several hundred Tamil civilians were taking refuge at the church and surrounding environs at the time.[citation needed]
According to Daya Somasundaram, senior professor of psychiatry at University of Jaffna, the church was well away from the fighting. He termed this attack a war crime committed by the Sri Lankan Air Force.[2][8]
Initial reports
editThe news of the incident was first broken by the International Committee of the Red Cross, which at the time was the only aid agency working in the Tamil areas. The ICRC helped evacuate many of the wounded by ambulance to the Jaffna Teaching Hospital.[citation needed]
Immediate casualties were given as 65 killed and over 150 injured, including men, women and children. Eventually this figure rose to 147 killed, as many succumbed to their injuries, partly because the hospital was unable to cope with so many casualties at one time.[1][6][7]
Aftermath
editThe Sri Lankan government initially denied any knowledge of the bombing, and then claimed it could have been LTTE mortars that caused the damage. The Commander of the Sri Lankan Air Force stated they exploded LTTE ammunition trucks or underground ammunition storage and that the deaths of the civilians were caused by secondary explosions of underground LTTE ammunition dumps.[9] However, in a later report, the ICRC head in Sri Lanka, Marco Altherr, said that it was indeed bombs that had fallen on the area; he further included eyewitness accounts from civilians in the area, including a priest from another church in the vicinity, that also supported this claim. Eventually the government agreed to investigate the incident.[4][10]
The Red Cross protested in the aftermath of the attack. However, this protest was brought to a close after the members involved in the protest were summoned to the Foreign Office and asked to give it up.[2] The Sri Lankan foreign minister Lakshman Kadirgamar denied that the armed forces committed the attack and rebuked the Red Cross for issuing a statement on the basis of "so-called eye witness accounts".[11]
Government investigation
editOn 11 July, Sri Lankan President Chandrika Kumaratunga released a statement that expressed "sorrow at the loss of lives" and ordered the investigation of the bombing. On 18 July 1995, the military confirmed that the church was badly damaged but said that they could not confirm the origin of the bombs that destroyed it.[5] In 2020, Kumaratunga admitted that it was an Air Force bombing, albeit a mistake, and claimed that she had criticized the Air Force for it at the time.[12]
See also
edit- List of attacks on civilians attributed to Sri Lankan government forces
- 2017 al-Jinah airstrike – Airstrike by the United States Armed Forces
- Church of Saint Porphyrius airstrike – 2023 bombing of a church in Gaza City, Palestine
- Aerial bombardment and international law
References
edit- ^ a b 1995 Human Rights report – South Asia Archived 20 March 2005 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c Somasundaram, D. (1997). "Abandoning Jaffna hospital: Ethical and moral dilemmas". Medicine, Conflict and Survival. 13 (4): 333–347. doi:10.1080/13623699708409357.
- ^ "SRI LANKA Human Rights Developments". Retrieved 23 October 2014.
- ^ a b UTHR Bulletin # 17
- ^ a b 1995 HRW report – Sri Lanka
- ^ a b Roland, Niranjani (3 August 2018). "Sri Lanka Sri Lanka church bombing not forgotten by survivors". Union of Catholic Asian News. Hong Kong. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
- ^ a b "Tenth anniversary of Navaly church massacre observed". TamilNet. 9 July 2005. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
- ^ War more traumatic than tsunami
- ^ "SRI LANKA". Amnesty International. 14 August 1996. Archived from the original on 11 March 2007. Retrieved 21 August 2007.
- ^ ICRC Document
- ^ Sivanayagam, S. Sri Lanka: Witness to History - A Journalist's Memoirs (1930-2004). 2005. p.483
- ^ "'I denounced air force for Navaly bombing' claims Chandrika". Tamil Guardian. Tamil Guardian Ltd. 10 July 2020. Retrieved 30 May 2021.