The National Socialist Party of Australia (NSPA) was a minor Australian neo-Nazi party that operated between 1967 and early 1970s. It was formed in 1967 as a more moderate breakaway from the Australian National Socialist Party (ANSP). The NSPA was led by Ted Cawthron.[6]
National Socialist Party National Socialist Party of Australia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Abbreviation | NSPA[1] |
| Founded | January 1964[2] |
| Dissolved | May 1977[3] |
| Split from | Australian National Socialist[2] |
| Headquarters | Glebe, New South Wales, Australia[4] |
| Newspaper |
|
| Membership (1972) | 200[2] |
| Ideology | |
| Political position | Far-right |
| Colours | Brown |
| Slogan | “The Nation – We Serve”[5] |
| Party flag[1] | |
.svg) | |
History
editCawthron and Frank Molnar launched the party in late 1967, explicitly rejecting the "jackbooted 'Nazi' image" associated with Arthur Smith's ANSP. They focused particularly on Smith's criminal convictions from a 1965 raid on ANSP headquarters. Although there were a number of attempts to reunite the two parties, the NSPA eventually attracted a number of other Australian national socialists disenchanted with Smith's leadership.[7]
In May 1968, Smith resigned as leader of the ANSP and his successor, Eric Wenberg, merged the ANSP into the NSPA. Wenberg was accepted into a leadership position in the party, alongside Molnar as chairman, Cawthron as director of publications, Les Ritchie, and John Stewart. Early in 1969, however, Cawthron and Molnar fell out, with Molnar accusing Cawthron of being a closet Bolshevist. Molnar was expelled from the party.[8]
In early 1970, the party's third congress in Canberra was attended by around 30 members. Later in the year, Cawthron became the first national socialist in Australia to run for public office, contesting the May 1970 ACT by-election. Cawthron came last out of seven candidates with 173 votes (0.32%),[4] but claimed to be content with the result considering the minimal nature of the NSPA's campaign.
The party also ran three Senate teams for the 1970 Senate election: John Stewart and Michael McCormick in New South Wales, Ken Gibbett and Kevin Thompson in Queensland, and Cass and Katrina Young in Victoria. The Queensland team won the first place on the ballot paper and benefited from the donkey vote and received over 10,000 votes (1.51%), while the results for the other teams were insignificant.[9] The national NSPA vote was 24,017 (0.43%).[10]
Demise
editBy 1972 the party was collapsing. The strong Queensland branch collapsed through infighting, and the involvement of three party members in a bomb attack in April on the Queensland offices of the Communist Party of Australia.[11] Establishment of a Sydney branch was frustrated by standover tactics of former members of ANSP. The Western Australian branch had collapsed and the ACT branch went into total eclipse. Only Victorian and South Australian branches survived the initial schism for a time, and even South Australia had to import a candidate from Melbourne.[9]
Jim Saleam, then only 17, was deputy leader of the party between 1972 and 1975, after Molnar was expelled from the party, under Cawthron's leadership. After the demise of NSPA, Saleam went on to co-found National Action in 1982, which existed until 1991. Saleam then joined the Australia First Party in the 2000s and would eventually take leadership of that organisation.
Federal parliament
edit| House of Representatives | ||||
| Election year | # of overall votes |
% of overall vote |
# of overall seats won |
+/– |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1972 | 1,161 | 0.02(#7/8) | 0 / 150
|
 0
|
| Senate | ||||||
| Election year | # of overall votes |
% of overall vote |
# of overall seats won |
# of overall seats |
+/– | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 24,017 | 0.43(#7) | 0 / 40
|
0 / 76
|
0
| |
| 1974 | 1,810 | 0.44(#10/12) | 0 / 40
|
0 / 76
|
 0
| |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "Rules and Constitution of the National Socialist Party of Australia". parlinfo.aph.gov.au. 8 November 1972.
- ^ a b c Saleam, James (December 1999). The Other Radicalism: An Inquiry Into Contemporary Australian Extreme Right Ideology, Politics and Organization, 1975–1995 (Thesis). University of Sydney.
- ^ "The Inside Facts: The Great Cricket Story". The Bulletin. 14 May 1977.
- ^ a b Wong, Brendan (9 May 2016). "Historic Glebe mansion Lyndhurst, once Australia's Nazi Party headquarters, on market for $7.5m". The Daily Telegraph.
- ^ Henderson, Peter Charles (2002). A History of the Australian Extreme right Since 1950 (Thesis). University of Western Sydney.
- ^ Henderson, Peter (November 2005). "Frank Browne and the Neo-Nazis". Labour History (89): 73–86. doi:10.2307/27516076. JSTOR 27516076.
- ^ Harcourt, David (1972). Everyone Wants to be Fuehrer: National Socialism in Australia and New Zealand. Angus and Robertson. pp. 25–28. ISBN 978-0207124150.
- ^ Harcourt, pp. 31-32.
- ^ a b Harcourt, David (2007). "An assault on the jew‐democratic nut‐mad house". Politics. 8: 111–112. doi:10.1080/00323267308401333.
- ^ Harcourt, pp. 36-39.
- ^ Brisbane’s Radical Books