Nazran (Russian: Назра́нь; Ingush: Наьсаре, romanized: Näsare) is the largest city in Ingushetia, Russia. It served as the republic's capital from 1991 to 2000, until it was replaced by Magas, which was built for this purpose. It is the most populous city in the republic: 122,350 (2021 Census);[8] 93,335 (2010 Census);[1] 125,066 (2002 Census);[9] 18,246 (1989 Soviet census).[10]
Nazran
Назрань | |
|---|---|
| Other transcription(s) | |
| • Ingush | Наьсаре |
Skyline of the town from the side of the Nazran pond Memorial of memory and glory Nazran Train Station A view of the Matt-loam from the side of Nazran The Zavodskoy raion of Nazran Gamurzievo | |
 Flag .svg) Coat of arms | |
Location of Nazran  | |
  Nazran Location of Nazran  Nazran Nazran (Republic of Ingushetia) | |
| Coordinates: 43°13′N 44°46′E / 43.217°N 44.767°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Ingushetia[1] |
| Founded | 1781[a] |
| City status since | 1967[4] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 80 km2 (30 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 200 m (700 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 93,335 |
| • Rank | 183rd in 2010 |
| • Density | 1,200/km2 (3,000/sq mi) |
| • Subordinated to | city of republic significance of Nazran[4] |
| • Capital of | Nazranovsky District, city of republic significance of Nazran[4] |
| • Urban okrug | Nazran Urban Okrug[5] |
| • Capital of | Nazran Urban Okrug,[5] Nazranovsky Municipal District[5] |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK  [6]) |
| Postal code(s)[7] | 386100–386106, 386700, 386899 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 87322 |
| OKTMO ID | 26706000001 |
| Website | www |
Etymology
editThe name of the town, possibly, derives from the name of the legendary first settler Nyasar (Ingush: Наьсар, also referred as Närt-Näsar Ingush: Наьрт-Наьсар, lit. 'Hero Näsar').[11][12][b]
The town is associated by some scholars like Leonid Lavrov with the Arabic word "al nasaraa" (النصارى),[c] meaning "Christian", thus explaining that the name was gotten from the fact that supposedly Christianity held on for longer in Nazran unlike in other neighboring places in Ingushetia. Although author explains that Muslims already were present here in 1405–1406.[13] Vladimir Markovin also stated that the name of Nazran has an Arabic origin while quoting Lavrov.[14][d]
History
edit18th–20th centuries
edit
The aul of Nazran was founded in the late 18th century,[15] with the official date of the foundation being considered 1781.[4] This is based on the report of L. L. Shteder, who during his expedition to Caucasus in 1781, noticed Ingush outposts on the river of Nazranka.[16] After becoming a military fortress in 1817, Nazran saw large numbers of Ingush population moving into it. It was granted town status in 1967.[4]
During the Russian Empire, the settlement was the administrative capital of the Nazranovsky Okrug of the Terek Oblast. During the Soviet period, Nazran was the administrative center of Nazranovsky District within the Chechen–Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. After the Republic of Ingushetia and the Chechen Republic were separated in 1991, the town became the republic's capital. This brought about a sharp increase in population: while counting 18,246 inhabitants according to the 1989 Census,[17] during the 2002 Census Nazran had as many as 125,056 inhabitants.[18]
21st century
edit2004 rebel raid on Nazran
editIn 2004, a group of Chechen and Ingush militants[19] carried out a large-scale raid on Ingushetia, led by Shamil Basayev. The overnight attacks targeted fifteen official buildings in Nazran, and at least three towns and villages located on the Baku-Rostov highway that crosses the republic from east to west.
The raid lasted nearly five hours, and the assailants - said to number 200 to 300 - withdrew almost unscathed; the raiders apparently lost only two men during the attacks. The rebels killed 67 members of security forces, including the republic's Interior Minister Abukar Kostoyev, his deputy Zyaudin Kotiev, top prosecutors, and other officials; they also captured and looted the MVD's armory and police depots. 25 civilians, including a local United Nations worker, were killed in the crossfire.
Federal Interior Minister Rashid Nurgaliyev met with General Vyacheslav Tikhomirov, the commander of Russia's Interior Ministry forces, and blamed them for the high number of deaths. Tikhomirov decided to resign after the meeting.
2008 protests
editWidespread protests erupted in January 2008, with a strong government response. The disturbances appear to have been fueled by heavy-handed government and para-military activity, including abductions, arrests and murders.[20] Protesters demanded the resignation of President Zyazikov.
2009 bombing
editIn August 2009, a suicide bomber drove a truck filled with explosives into the Nazran police headquarters. Russian news agencies reported that 25 were killed in the attack, and roughly 140 were wounded. It is believed that more bodies may still be in the rubble, yet to be found. The police headquarters was completely destroyed in the attack, including up to 30 police vehicles and munition stores.[21]
Geography
editLocation
edit
Nazran is located in the western area of Ingushetia, at the borders with Prigorodny Raion of North Ossetia-Alania. It also borders the raion of Nazranovsky; and the nearest settlements are Ekazhevo, the new town of Magas, and Barsuki. It is 27 km from the North Ossetian-Alanian capital city, Vladikavkaz, 19 from Karabulak and 54 from Malgobek.
Administrative and municipal status
editWithin the framework of administrative divisions, Nazran serves as the administrative center of Nazranovsky District, even though it is not a part of it.[citation needed] As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the city of republic significance of Nazran—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[citation needed] As a municipal division, the city of republic significance of Nazran is incorporated as Nazran Urban Okrug.[5]
Climate
editNazran has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfb).
| Climate data for Nazran | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 0.3 (32.5) |
1.7 (35.1) |
7.2 (45.0) |
15.2 (59.4) |
21.2 (70.2) |
24.9 (76.8) |
27.3 (81.1) |
26.8 (80.2) |
21.8 (71.2) |
15.3 (59.5) |
7.8 (46.0) |
2.6 (36.7) |
14.3 (57.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.6 (25.5) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
2.6 (36.7) |
9.1 (48.4) |
15.0 (59.0) |
18.7 (65.7) |
21.2 (70.2) |
20.6 (69.1) |
15.8 (60.4) |
9.9 (49.8) |
3.8 (38.8) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
9.1 (48.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −7.5 (18.5) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
3.1 (37.6) |
8.9 (48.0) |
12.6 (54.7) |
15.2 (59.4) |
14.5 (58.1) |
9.8 (49.6) |
4.6 (40.3) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
4.0 (39.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 26 (1.0) |
28 (1.1) |
41 (1.6) |
67 (2.6) |
106 (4.2) |
130 (5.1) |
99 (3.9) |
79 (3.1) |
59 (2.3) |
45 (1.8) |
39 (1.5) |
31 (1.2) |
750 (29.4) |
| Source: [22] | |||||||||||||
Transportation
editNazran is located on the M29 federal highway and has a railway station on the Rostov-on-Don–Baku line. Magas Airport serves the city and the near town of Magas.
Sport
editFC Angusht Nazran is the city's association football club. Its home ground is the Rashid Aushev Central Stadium.
Twin cities
edit
Gallery
edit-
Memorial for the memory of victims of political oppressions in Nazran -
Panoramic view -
Railway station building -
Cinema "Matritsa"
.png)
Notes
edit- ^ The official founding date of Nazran considered 1781 which is based on the fact that Russian officer L. L. Shteder mentioned the Ingush post on a high cape between the Sunzha and Nazranka rivers in that year. The decision on this historical determination of the date of the founding of the city was made at the conference held by the Nazran city administration on July 15, 2000.[2] However the aul Nazran has been mentioned earlier as Nasranova in the year 1774 on the map "Carte de la partie septentrionale de l'empire otoman" made by Giovanni Antonio Rizzi Zannoni. Overall, in the documents of 1780s, there has been mentioned various times about an Ingush village on the Nazranka river as well as the mention of the Nazran by its name.[3]
- ^ Alimbek Kurkiev who held this point of view, did not rule out the possibility of certain connection of 'Nazran' with the mineral water Narzan, found in present-day Stavropol Krai, or with the Kabardian name of Kislovodsk, Nartsanē/Nartsana (Kabardian: Нарцанэ/Нартсана).[12]
- ^ In Russian transliteration of Leonid Lavrov насрāнӣй.
- ^ Markovin used this as one of the arguments that the spread Christianity by Georgians had strong influence on Chechens and Ingush, in particularly their culture and language.[14]
References
edit- ^ a b c d Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ Администрация города Назрань 2024.
- ^ Гаджиев 2019, pp. 188–189.
- ^ a b c d e "General Information" (in Russian). Irkutsk Oblast. Retrieved September 3, 2017.
- ^ a b c d Law #5-RZ
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ Kurkiev 1978, p. 21.
- ^ a b Kurkiev 1979, p. 217.
- ^ Lavrov 1966, p. 200.
- ^ a b Markovin 1987, p. 39.
- ^ БСЭ 1939.
- ^ Pallas (Shteder) 1797, p. 26.
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Редакция газеты Ежедневная Деловая Газета Рбк, ed. (December 17, 2019). Ежедневная деловая газета РБК 227-2014. Litres. p. 3. ISBN 9785457744660 – via Google Books.
- ^ "Clashes erupt at Ingushetia rally" (BBC News, 26 January 2008)
- ^ "Bombing kills 20 in Russian republic of Ingushetia" (Los Angeles Times, 18 August 2009)
- ^ "Climate: Nazran". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved December 27, 2017.
- ^ "Nazran". aksakal.info. Archived from the original on March 16, 2009. Retrieved March 25, 2023.
Bibliography
editGerman sources
edit- Peter Simon Pallas (1797). Tagebuch einer Reise die im Jahr 1781 von der Granzfestung Mosdok nach dem innern Caucasus unternommen worden [Diary of a journey made in 1781 from the Grand Fortress of Mozdok to the inner Caucasus] (in German). St. Petersburg und Leipzig: Ben Johann Zacharias Logan. pp. 1–142.
Russian sources
edit- Администрация города Назрань (April 3, 2024). "Наш город Назрань" [Our city Nazran]. www.nazrangrad.ru (in Russian).
- Алироев, И. Ю. (1978). Вопросы отраслевой лексики [Questions of industry vocabulary] (in Chechen, Ingush, and Russian). Грозный: Чечено-Ингушский гос. унив. pp. 1–131.
- Гаджиев, З. Т. (2019). Барахоева, Н. М.; Дзарахова, З. М.-Т.; Жеребило, Т. В. (eds.). "К вопросу о датировке основания города Назрань как ингушского поселения, существующего не менее 250 лет" [On the question of dating the founding of the city of Nazran as an Ingush settlement that has existed for at least 250 years] (PDF). Вестник Ингушского научно-исследовательского института гуманитарных наук им. Ч.Э. Ахриева (in Russian). No. 2. Магас. pp. 171–191.
- Жуков, Е. М.; et al., eds. (1964). "Двинск—Индонезия" [Dvinsk—Indonesia]. Советская историческая энциклопедия. Vol. 5. М.: Советская энциклопедия. col. 1–960.
- Kurkiev, A. S. (1978). "Вопросы ингушской антропонимики" [Questions of Ingush anthroponymy]. In Aliroev, I. Yu.; Selimov, A. A.; Shekurova, V. G.; Bibulatov, N. S. (eds.). Вопросы отраслевой лексики [Questions of industry vocabulary] (in Russian). Grozny: ChIGU. pp. 19–35.
- Kurkiev, A. S. (1979). Основные вопросы лексикологии ингушского языка [The main questions of the lexicology of the Ingush language] (in Russian). Grozny: ChIKI. pp. 1–254.
- Markovin, V. I. (1987). "О христианизации горцев северо-восточного Кавказа и храме Датуна в Дагестане" [On the Christianization of the Highlanders of the North-Eastern Caucasus and the Temple of Datong in Dagestan]. In Magomedov, D. M.; Mammaev, M. M. (eds.). Художественная культура средневекового Дагестана: сборник статей [Artistic culture of medieval Dagestan: collection of articles] (PDF) (in Russian). Makhachkala: DF AN SSSR. pp. 37–48.
- Lavrov, L. I. (1966). Bolshakov, O. G.; Gardanov; et al. (eds.). Эпиграфические памятники Северного Кавказа X—XVII вв. [Epigraphic monuments of the North Caucasus in the 10th-17th centuries]. Памятники письменности Востока (in Russian). Vol. 1. Moscow: Nauka. pp. 1–299.
- Поспелов, Е. М. (2008). Географические названия России. Топонимический словарь [Geographical names of Russia. Toponymic Dictionary] (in Russian). Москва: АСТ, Астрель. pp. 1–523. ISBN 978-5-17-054966-5.
- Сулейманов, А. С. (1980). Лепиев, А. С. (ed.). Часть III: (Предгорная равнина Чечено-Ингушетии) [Part 3: (Piedmont plain of Checheno-Ingushetia)]. Топонимия Чечено-Ингушетии: в IV частях (1976-1985 гг.) (in Russian). Грозный: Чечено-Ингушское Книжное Издательство. pp. 1–220.
- Твёрдый, А. В. (2008). Макаренко, Ю. Г. (ed.). Кавказ в именах, названиях, легендах: опыт топонимического словаря [Caucasus in names, titles, legends: Toponymic Dictionary Experience] (in Russian). Краснодар: Платонов И. pp. 1–432. ISBN 978-5-89564-044-9.
- Шмидт, О. Ю.; et al., eds. (1939). [The Nazranians]. Большая Советская Энциклопедия (in Russian). Vol. 41: Наган — Нидерландское искусство (1st ed.). Москва: Советская энциклопедия. col. 52 – via Wikisource.
Documents
edit- Народное Собрание Республики Ингушетия. Закон №5-РЗ от 23 февраля 2009 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Республики Ингушетия и наделении их статусом сельского поселения, муниципального района и городского округа», в ред. Закона №9-РЗ от 4 марта 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Республики Ингушетия "Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Республики Ингушетия и наделении их статусом сельского поселения, муниципального района и городского округа"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ингушетия", №26–27, 3 марта 2009 г. (People's Assembly of the Republic of Ingushetia. Law #5-RZ of February 23, 2009 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of the Republic of Ingushetia and on Granting Them the Status of a Rural Settlement, Municipal District, and Urban Okrug, as amended by the Law #9-RZ of March 4, 2014 On Amending the Law of the Republic of Ingushetia "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of the Republic of Ingushetia and on Granting Them the Status of a Rural Settlement, Municipal District, and Urban Okrug". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
External links
edit
- (in Russian) Nazran official website
- 34127229 Nazran on OpenStreetMap