LUKOIL Neftohim Burgas (Bulgarian: ЛУКОЙЛ Нефтохим Бургас), based in Burgas, Bulgaria, sometimes spelt "Neftochim Burgas," is the largest oil refinery in the Balkans and the largest industrial enterprise in Bulgaria.
Owned by Russian oil giant LUKOIL, the refinery has the biggest contribution among the privately owned enterprises to the country's GDP and to the state budget revenues. LUKOIL Neftohim Burgas is the leading producer and supplier of liquid fuels, petrochemicals and polymers for Bulgaria and the region and one of the leading companies in its field in Europe.
History
editThe refinery became operational in 1964 and joined the Lukoil Group in 1999. With some improvements undertaken over the year that refinery has a capacity to process 7 million tonnes a year.[1]
Crude oil arrives by sea to the nearby port terminal of Burgas Rosenetz before being piped to the refinery. In 2011 Lukiol was given a 35 year concession to run the Rosnetz oil terminal. [2]
In November 2021, Competition commission of Bulgaria accused Bulgarian branch of “Lukoil” of abuse of market dominance, due to, despite company`s biggest warehouse and logistics infrastructure on local oil market, Lukoil`s withdrawal to stock oil from other companies at Lukoil taxable warehouses, switched to main oil terminals in Bulgaria as well as to provide access to pipes for transportation of imported oil. In return, “LUKOIL Neftohim Burgas” has brought into focus, that any of the rules on Bulgarian oil market weren`t violated by the company.[3] In 2022, it announced that it could only work with Russian oil grade "Ural". After he managed to avoid the embargo on Russian oil, he produces his fuel at several times lower cost, which he sells now at market prices. The refinery is also under investigation for tax evasion and financial manipulation.[4][5][6]
In 2022 Bulgaria managed to obtain an exemption to allow Russian crude oil to be imported for the refinery until December 2024. Certain conditions were made for the concession, including that no crude oil would be shipped out to the EU and no refined oil world be sent outside Bulgaria, except to Ukraine, or for storage.[7] Exports of processed oil has however been made from the refinery, the Seaexpress shipped 40,000 tons to Rotterdam in August 2023, other shipments have used ship-to-ship transfers to hide the source from the ultimate buyer.[7]
In April 2023 Lukoil Bulgaria and Lukoil Neftohim Burgas were fined 195 million Lev (€100m) for abuse of a dominant position on the oil market contrary to national and European competition law.[8]
On 15 August 2023 Bulgaria took operational control of the Burgas Rosenetz oil terminal from Lukoil by terminating the concession contract.[9]
In October 2023 Bulgaria imposed a punitive tax rate on the owner of the refinery of 60% to encourage the Russian owner to sell the refinery.[10] The tax rate will drop to 15% for a new owner.
On 5 December 2023, Bulgaria announced that exports of Russian processed oil will cease by 1 January 2024.[11] The refinery will need an investment of €500m to reconfigure to process lighter grade crude oil.
Bulgaria has announced that imports of Russian crude will cease on 1 March 2024, earlier than the EU concession date.[12][a]
In December 2023, a number of companies had expressed an interest in buying the refinery, including Azerbaijani state oil company SOCAR and American investors.[13]
In January 2024, the refinery is not scheduled to receive any Russian oil, deliveries will be from Kazakhstan, Iraq, and Tunisia.[14]
Products
editFuels
editLUKOIL Neftohim Burgas AD produces the following petrochemical products:
- Motor gasoline А-92 /export outside the EU/
- Motor gasoline А-95 under EN-228 /Euro-5/
- Motor gasoline А-98 under EN-228 /Euro-5/
- Low octane gasoline /LOG/
- Diesel fuel without bio component under EN-590 /Euro-5/
- Diesel fuel with bio component B4 under EN-590 /Euro-5/
- Gas oil 0,1% S
- Jet fuel А-1
- Fuel oil
- Bitumen
- Vacuum residue
Other products
edit- Propane-butane under EN-589.
- Process Sulfur (palletized and "lumps").
Polymers
editWorkplace
editLUKOIL Neftohim Burgas employs 1,348 people (2019),[15] the average salary being the highest among industrial companies in the country. The refinery has operated entirely on self-produced electric power since 23 May 2000 and uses water from the nearby Lake Mandrensko.[citation needed]
Taxation
editLukoil Neftohim Burgas had never paid tax in Bulgaria as profits were sent to the parent in Switzerland. Then in 2022 tax of BGN 3.5 million was paid. It was expected that tax in 2023 would amount to BGN 100 million and BGN 600-700 million in 2024.[16]
The tax rate was raised to 60% in October 2023.[10]
See also
edit
- Plama Pleven Refinery
Notes
editReferences
edit- ^ "Lukoil Burgas Refinery". Retrieved 9 December 2023.
- ^ "Bulgarian parliament votes to end Lukoil's concession to operate Rosenets oil terminal". 24 July 2023.
- ^ "Лукойл Болгарии злоупотребил положением на рынке топлива" (in Russian). ТАСС. 2021-11-11.
- ^ "Вносът на руски петрол расте въпреки европейските санкции". 13 July 2022.
- ^ ""Лукойл Нефтохим" ще плати данък печалба за първи път от 15 години". July 2022.
- ^ "Създават временна комисия за изясняване на доставките на суров петрол до "Лукойл Нефтохим Бургас"". 13 July 2022.
- ^ a b "Russian oil on EU soil: Bulgarian refinery skirts sanctions and buys Russian crude worth an estimated EUR 1.1 billion in tax to the Kremlin". 9 November 2023.
- ^ "CPC imposes sanctions to "Lukoil Neftohim Burgas" AD and "Lukoil-Bulgaria" EOOD amounting to 195 million BGN for abuse of a dominant position under the national and European competition law". 5 April 2023.
- ^ "Lukoil Loses Control of Bulgarian Oil Terminal". 21 August 2023.
- ^ a b "Bulgaria imposes taxes to force out Russian energy companies". 17 October 2023.
- ^ a b "ЛУКОЙЛ заявил о «политической буре» из-за завода в Болгарии. ЛУКОЙЛ рассмотрит продажу активов в Болгарии из-за изъятия завода в Бургасе: В Болгарии планируют запретить НПЗ ЛУКОЙЛа использовать российскую нефть и продавать нефтепродукты. Компания увидела в этих мерах риск остановки производства и предупредила, что может продать бизнес" [LUKOIL announced a “political storm” over a plant in Bulgaria. LUKOIL will consider selling assets in Bulgaria due to the seizure of the plant in Burgas: Bulgaria plans to ban LUKOIL refineries from using Russian oil and selling petroleum products. The company saw in these measures the risk of stopping production and warned that it could sell the business]. «РБК» (in Russian). 5 December 2023. Archived from the original on 6 December 2023. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
- ^ "Bulgaria accelerates end of sanctions loophole that earned Russia €1B". 17 November 2023.
- ^ "Speculations Mount as SOCAR Emerges as Likely Buyer of Lukoil Neftohim Burgas Refinery". 6 December 2023.
- ^ "Bulgaria Diversifies Oil Imports, Turns to Kazakhstan, Iraq, Tunisia". 12 January 2024.
- ^ "Lukoil Neftohim Burgas Employees". yox.bg. YOX.
- ^ "UPDATED Lukoil Neftochim Burgas, Lukoil Bulgaria to Move Their Business to Bulgaria as from January 1, 2023". 21 November 2022.
External links
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