Julida is an order of millipedes. Members are mostly small and cylindrical, typically ranging from 10–120 millimetres (0.39–4.72 in) in length.[1] Eyes may be present or absent, and in mature males of many species, the first pair of legs is modified into hook-like structures.[2] Additionally, both pairs of legs on the 7th body segment of males are modified into gonopods.[3]

Julida
Tachypodoiulus niger (Julidae)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Myriapoda
Class: Diplopoda
Superorder: Juliformia
Order: Julida
Brandt, 1833
Superfamilies
  • Blaniuloidea
  • Juloidea
  • Nemasomatoidea
  • Paeromopodoidea
  • Parajuloidea
Synonyms

Zygocheta Cook, 1895
Symphyognatha Verhoeff, 1910

Unidentified Parajulidae.

Distribution

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Julida contains predominantly temperate species ranging from North America to Panama, Europe, Asia north of the Himalayas, Asir region, Saudi Arabia, and Southeast Asia.[4]

Classification

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The order Julida contains approximately 750 species, divided into the following superfamilies and families:[5]

Blaniuloidea C. L. Koch, 1847
Juloidea Leach, 1814
Nemasomatoidea Bollman, 1893
Paeromopodoidea Cook, 1895
Parajuloidea Bollman, 1893

References

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  1. ^ "Diagnostic features of Millipede Orders" (PDF). Milli-PEET Identification Tables. The Field Museum, Chicago. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 November 2020. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
  2. ^ J. Gordon Blower (1985). Millipedes: Keys and Notes for the Identification of the Species. Synopses of the British Fauna. Linnean Society of London. ISBN 978-90-04-07698-3.
  3. ^ Shelley, Rowland M. (1999). "Centipedes and Millipedes with Emphasis on North American Fauna". The Kansas School Naturalist. 45 (3): 1–16. Archived from the original on 2016-11-12. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
  4. ^ "Geographic distribution of Millipede Families" (PDF). Milli-PEET Identification Tables. The Field Museum, Chicago. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 November 2020. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
  5. ^ William Shear. "Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844" (PDF). In Z.-Q. Zhang (ed.). Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Vol. 159–164. p. 3148. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)

Ilic, B. (2019). Multifaceted activity of millipede secretions:. [online] Web of Science. Available at: http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=1&SID=6AJXsNVdjIGRrwQybhF&page=1&doc=4 [Accessed 18 Oct. 2019].

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