Nepenthes smilesii (/nɪˈpɛnθiːz ˈsmaɪlziaɪ, - smaɪˈliːziaɪ/) is a tropical pitcher plant native to northeastern Thailand, southern Laos, Cambodia,[3][4] and Vietnam.[5][6][7] Nepenthes smilesii can tolerate an extended dry season and is most common in open, sandy savannah and grassland.[6]
| Nepenthes smilesii | |
|---|---|
| |
| In Kampot Province, Cambodia | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Nepenthaceae |
| Genus: | Nepenthes |
| Species: | N. smilesii
|
| Binomial name | |
| Nepenthes smilesii Hemsl. (1895)
| |
| Synonyms | |
| |
The specific epithet smilesii refers to plant collector Frederick Henry Smiles, who made the first known collection of this species.[5]
Botanical history
editNepenthes anamensis[note a] is a heterotypic synonym of N. smilesii.[5][6] Its conservation status appears as Data Deficient on the IUCN Red List.[1]
Nepenthes smilesii was referred to as N. anamensis throughout most of the 20th century.[5] Further confusion resulted from the erroneous labelling of N. smilesii plants as N. thorelii in the horticultural trade.[5] In Pitcher Plants of the Old World, Stewart McPherson lists N. mirabilis f. smilesii and N. mirabilis var. smilesii as synonyms of N. smilesii,[5] but Marcello Catalano considers these to represent normal forms of N. mirabilis.[6]
Description
editNepenthes smilesii is a climbing plant growing to a height of 5 m.[5]
Its leaves are sessile and coriaceous (leathery) in texture. They are very narrowly linear, reaching 40 cm in length while only up to 4 cm wide.[5]
Ecology
edit
Nepenthes smilesii has a widespread distribution throughout Indochina. It has been recorded from Cambodia,[4] northeastern Thailand, southern Laos, and western Vietnam.[5][6] The species occurs across a wide range of altitudes, being recorded from elevations of 16[4]–1500 m above sea level, although it is more typically found at around 800 m.[5]
Nepenthes smilesii is notable among the Indochinese Nepenthes for experiencing extreme lows of temperature.[5]
Individual specimens of a natural hybrid between N. smilesii and N. mirabilis have been recorded from Cambodia.[8]
Related species
editNepenthes smilesii appears most closely allied to N. kongkandana and may be difficult to distinguish from that species. It differs primarily in the shape of its laminae, which are linear to lanceolate with an acute apex, as opposed to obovate with an acuminate apex in the latter.[6] Nepenthes smilesii also differs in having shorter tendrils and a narrower peristome.[5]
Notes
edit- a.^ Nepenthes anamensis is pronounced /nɪˈpɛnθiːz ˌænəˈmɛnsɪs/. The specific epithet is derived from Annam, a former territory in central Vietnam.
References
edit- ^ a b Clarke, C.M. (2018). "Nepenthes smilesii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T49004395A143971709. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T49004395A143971709.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ Macfarlane, J.M. 1908. Nepenthaceae. In: A. Engler. Das Pflanzenreich IV, III, Heft 36: 1–91.
- ^ Mey, F.S. 2010. "Introduction to the pitcher plants (Nepenthes) of Cambodia" (PDF). Cambodian Journal of Natural History 2010(2): 106–117.
- ^ a b c Mey, F.S. 2009. N. smilesii in Kampot, Cambodia Archived 2011-10-08 at the Wayback Machine. Carnivorous Plants in the tropics.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- ^ a b c d e f (in Italian) Catalano, M. 2010. Nepenthes della Thailandia: Diario di viaggio. Prague.
- ^ Nunn, R. & C.N.A. Vu 2016. An account of the Nepenthes species of Vietnam. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 45(3): 93–101.
- ^ Mey, F.S., L.H. Truong, D.V. Dai & A.S. Robinson 2011. Nepenthes thorelii, an emended description and novel ecological data resulting from its rediscovery in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 104–131.
Further reading
edit- Beveridge, N.G.P., C. Rauch, P.J.A. Keßler, R.R. van Vugt & P.C. van Welzen 2013. A new way to identify living species of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae): more data needed! Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 42(4): 122–128.
- Kahl, T. 2003. "Amazing Thailand" (PDF). Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 32(1): 8–9.
- Kosterin, O.E. 2011. "Odonata of the Cambodian coastal regions revisited: beginning of dry season in 2010" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-02-22. Retrieved 2012-01-15. International Dragonfly Fund - Report 40: 1–108.
- McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Peninsular Malaysia and Indochina. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- (in German) Meimberg, H. 2002. "Molekular-systematische Untersuchungen an den Familien Nepenthaceae und Ancistrocladaceae sowie verwandter Taxa aus der Unterklasse Caryophyllidae s. l." (PDF). Ph.D. thesis, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich.
- Meimberg, H. & G. Heubl 2006. Introduction of a nuclear marker for phylogenetic analysis of Nepenthaceae. Plant Biology 8(6): 831–840. doi:10.1055/s-2006-924676
- Meimberg, H., S. Thalhammer, A. Brachmann & G. Heubl 2006. Comparative analysis of a translocated copy of the trnK intron in carnivorous family Nepenthaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39(2): 478–490. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.11.023
- Mey, F.S. 2009. "Nepenthes bokorensis, a new species of Nepenthaceae from Cambodia" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-23. Carniflora Australis 7(1): 6–15.
- Mey, F.S. 2011. Nepenthes smilesii in Tay Ninh Province, southern Vietnam. Strange Fruits: A Garden's Chronicle, December 11, 2011.
- Mey, F.S. 2014. 'Nepenthes of Indochina', my 2010 ICPS lecture now on Youtube. Strange Fruits: A Garden's Chronicle, February 3, 2014.
External links
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