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New England Anti-Slavery Society

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The New England Anti-Slavery Society (1831–1837) was formed by William Lloyd Garrison, editor of The Liberator, in 1831. The Liberator was its official publication.

William Lloyd Garrison, 1833, Oil on wood by Nathaniel Jocelyn.
Remember Your Weekly Pledge, collection box for Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society. Set aside in the home, the box was designed to remind members to make their weekly contribution. Circa 1850

Based in Boston, Massachusetts, members of the New England Anti-slavery Society supported immediate abolition and viewed slavery as immoral and non-Christian (sinful). It was particularly opposed to the American Colonization Society, which proposed sending African Americans to Africa.

The founding meeting took place on January 1, 1831, in the vestry of the Belknap Street Church.[1] (Some sources list the date as January 1, 1832.) Garrison was the principal founder. The other founding members were: Benjamin Bierly of Amesbury, Massachusetts,[2] Reverend Elijah Blanchard,[2] Dr. Gamaliel Bradford,[2] Elizabeth B. Chase,[2] Joshua Easton, also a member of the Massachusetts General Colored Association,[2] Charles Theodore Follen,[2] Reverend Henry Grew,[2] Reverend Cyrus Pitt Grosvenor,[2] Ellis Gray Loring,[1] Captain Jonas Parker of Reading, Massachusetts,[2] Reverend Perry of Mendon, Massachusetts,[2] Reverend Amos August Phelps,[2] Reverend Aaron Pickett of Reading, Massachusetts,[2] Samuel Edmund Sewall,[3] Horace Wakefield,[2] Amasa Walker,[2] and a Reverend Yates.[2]

The society sponsored lecturers or "agents" who traveled throughout the New England area, speaking in local churches or halls, and also selling abolitionist tracts or The Liberator. Whenever possible, the Society's agents would also encourage the formation of local anti-slavery societies. By 1833 there were 47 local societies in ten northern states, 33 of them in New England. The society also sponsored mass mobilizations such as yearly anti-slavery conventions and celebrations of July 4 or — preferred by those who believed celebrating July 4 was unacceptable since the U.S. Constitution accepted slavery — the Anniversary of the Abolition of Slavery in the West Indies, August 1.[citation needed]

John Levy, "a colored gentleman" from Lowell, decries insufficient involvement of free Negroes in the struggle. Garrison, Birney, Burleigh, Henry Stanton, and other stalwarts speak at length.[citation needed]

Massachusetts General Colored Association

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In January 1833, Thomas Dalton, president of the Massachusetts General Colored Association, led a successful petition to merge with the New England Anti-Slavery Society.[4] Separate black anti-slavery societies had already existed in Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, Connecticut, and New Jersey, however, a strong feeling against the organization of separate anti-slavery societies had been emerging.

Together they organized anti-slavery conventions and speaking programs throughout New England.

Sometime after Joshua Easton was sent as a delegate to the New England society in 1833, African Americans were granted full membership in the organization.[5]

American Anti-Slavery Society

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In 1833, Garrison and Arthur Tappan expanded this society and formed the American Anti-Slavery Society. The American Anti-Slavery Society, however, attempted to create state-based organizations under the umbrella of its executive committee. At first the New England Anti-Slavery Society and the American Society worked together, with the New England Society becoming an auxiliary in 1834.[6]

Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society

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In 1838, however, the New England Society gave up its regional jurisdiction and reorganized into the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society.[6] The society took a proactive role in advocating for legislation against new slave codes and laws, particularly within Massachusetts, including publishing treatises related to proposals to outlaw or penalize those participating in the activities and formation of societies relating to abolition and anti-slavery activities.[7]

Annual meetings were held in Boston at Julien Hall, Melodeon, and Tremont Temple. Officers included James N. Buffum, Francis Jackson, Wendell Phillips, Parker Pillsbury, and Edmund Quincy. Lecturers affiliated with the society included William Wells Brown,[8] Frederick Douglass,[9] Samuel Joseph May, and Charles Lenox Remond. Joel W. Lewis was the chairman in 1840.[10]

The New England Anti-Slavery Society held conventions in:

The Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society held conventions in:

Following the Civil War the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society took up the cause of racial equality.[12]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Tribute to the Memory of Ellis Gray Loring, Esq. at the New England Anti-Slavery Convention, May 27, 1858" (PDF). The Liberator. June 4, 1858. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 26, 2023. Retrieved March 11, 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "New England Anti-Slavery Society (NEASS)". American Abolitionists. February 14, 2017. Archived from the original on January 19, 2021. Retrieved March 11, 2024.
  3. ^ Garrison, William Lloyd (1979). Merrill, Walter M. (ed.). The Letters of William Lloyd Garrison: Let the Oppressed Go Free, 1861-1867. Harvard University Press. p. 219. ISBN 9780674526655.
  4. ^ William Lloyd Garrison (1833). The Abolitionist. New England Anti-Slavery Society. p. 20. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  5. ^ Cromwell (1994). The Other Brahmins: Boston's Black Upper Class, 1750-1950. University of Arkansas Press. pp. 39. ISBN 978-1-61075-293-0. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  6. ^ a b Zorn, Roman J.,The New England Anti-Slavery Society: Pioneer Abolition Organization, The Journal of Negro History, Vol. 42, No. 3 (Jul., 1957), pp. 157-176
  7. ^ Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society (1836), A Full Statement of the Reasons Which Were in Part Offered to the Committee of the Legislature of Massachusetts On the Fourth and Eighth of March, Showing Why There Should Be No Penal Laws Enacted, and No Condemnatory Resolutions Passed by the Legislature, Respecting Abolitionits and Anti-slavery Societies, Boston
  8. ^ "William Wells Brown". New Bedford, Massachusetts: New Bedford Historical Society. Archived from the original on 2021-06-16. Retrieved 2024-03-11.
  9. ^ "Frederick Douglass". Africans in America. USA: Public Broadcasting Service. Archived from the original on 2017-09-05. Retrieved 2024-03-11.
  10. ^ "Meeting of Colored Citizens". The Liberator. May 22, 1840. p. 83. Archived from the original on May 17, 2015. Retrieved November 6, 2017.
  11. ^ The Liberator, 1840, archived from the original on 2016-03-04, retrieved 2014-06-01
  12. ^ "Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society--Thirty-Sixth Anniversary" (PDF). New York Times. January 28, 1870. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-01-21. Retrieved 2009-08-12.

Further reading

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Issued by the society

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New England Anti-Slavery Society

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Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society

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About the society

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