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1957 New York City mayoral election

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The New York City mayoral election of 1957 occurred on Tuesday, November 5, 1957. Incumbent Democratic Mayor Robert F. Wagner, Jr. won re-election for a second term in office. Wagner defeated the Republican nominee, businessman Robert K. Christenberry.

1957 New York City mayoral election
← 1953 November 5, 1957 1961 →
 
Candidate Robert F. Wagner, Jr. Robert K. Christenberry
Party Democratic Republican
Alliance Liberal
Popular vote 1,509,775 585,768
Percentage 69.2% 26.9%
Results by Borough
  Wagner—70–80%
  Wagner—60–70%
Mayor before election

Robert F. Wagner, Jr.
Democratic

Elected Mayor

Robert F. Wagner, Jr.
Democratic

Campaign

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Incumbent Mayor Robert F. Wagner, Jr. chose to run for reelection to a second term. Wagner received the backing of the powerful Tammany Hall political machine.[1] There was debate within the Liberal Party over their strategy for the 1957 elections. Since the middle of the 1950s, there was increasing pressure for the party to fold and merge with the Democrats.[2] Factions within the party believed the Democrats had evolved past machine politics, meaning there was no need for continued existence of the Liberals. Ultimately the view of party father David Dubinsky prevailed; the Liberals would endorse worthy Democrats and Republicans but maintain a separate structure.[3] The Liberals voted by 280 to 23 on July 10 that they would endorse Wagner for Mayor while running their own candidates for city council races.[4] This was met with criticism by the pro-Liberal New York Post, which labelled the endorsement as "surrender".[3] Wagner also appeared on the City Fusion, an anti-Tammany party, ballot line.[5]

On June 27, the Republican party nominated Robert K. Christenberry at the Ambassador Hotel, of which Christenberry was the president. Though Christenberry had never held elected office, he had previously he was a friend of former governor Thomas Dewey and had been appointed by Dewey to the state Athletic Commission. Christenberry had also served as Vice Consul in Vladivostok and the Dominican Republic as well as the American representative at the inauguration of Paraguayan President Alfredo Stroessner.[6] At the start of his campaign, Christenberry attacked Mayor Wagner, saying he had "a record of indecision" and a "failure to face up to problems". Christenberry centered his campaign around a plan to hire 5,000 new police officers to reduce crime, the reduction of graft and corruption in city government, and halting New York City's population loss.[7][8] Throughout the campaign, Christenberry attacked Wagner on the issue of crime and claimed that the administration had "miserably failed" on that issue.[9]

The Republican Party split when Vito P. Battista, a sometime Republican, announced a bid for mayor under the banner of the self-created United Taxpayers Party. Battista, an architect and founder of the Institute of Design and Construction ran in opposition to Mayor Wagner's policies on taxation and social services.[10] On WNYC's Campus Press Conference, Battista stated that his party stood for "Lower taxes or the intelligent distribution of the tax dollar in running local city government; the elimination of waste, the elimination of inefficiency, and the proper planning of our community." Battista also railed against communist influence in the city government, and alleged that there were communists living in New York City public housing.[11]

Eric Hass was selected by the Socialist Labor Party in April 1957. Hass had previously been the party's nominee for president in 1952 and 1956.[12] Because of a New York law prohibiting parties from using names held by other parties, the SLP had appeared as the Industrial Government Party on the ballot for many years.[13] Joyce Cowley, a single mother and Trotskyite activist was chosen as the candidate of the Socialist Workers Party.[14] Cowley chose to campaign among female workers, youth, and in the predominantly African-American neighborhood of Harlem.[15]

From the start of the campaign, Wagner was favored for reelection. Though Christenberry was praised by Democrats like Eleanor Roosevelt for his energy and knowledge of the issues, even traditionally Republican newspapers were not optimistic about his chances.[16] Despite this, President Eisenhower and Vice President Nixon appeared with and endorsed Christenberry.[17][18] Former Governor Dewey endorsed Christenberry just four days before the election in a letter.[19] A Democratic internal poll in August indicated Wagner would win reelection by 350,000 votes and a second poll in September indicated an even larger victory.[3] These polls found Wagner had support from every ethnic group in New York, though Wagner was strongest among Jews, with 75% of Jewish voters supporting him.[20]

During the campaign the Democrats spent $300,000, Republicans spent $75,000, and Liberals spent $75,000.[21]

Results

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Wagner received 69.23% of the vote to Christenberry's 26.86%, a landslide Democratic victory margin of 42.37%. Wagner swept all five boroughs, breaking 60% of the vote in Queens and Staten Island, and breaking 70% of the vote in Manhattan, Brooklyn, and the Bronx.

New York City Mayoral Election, 1957[22]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Robert F. Wagner, Jr. 1,284,856 58.91
Liberal Robert F. Wagner, Jr. 217,941 9.99
City Fusion Robert F. Wagner, Jr. 6,978 0.32
Total Robert F. Wagner, Jr. (incumbent) 1,509,775 69.23
Republican Robert K. Christenberry 585,768 26.86
United Taxpayers Vito P. Battista 67,266 3.08
Socialist Workers Joyce Cowley 13,453 0.62
Socialist Labor Eric Hass 4,611 0.21
Total votes 2,180,873 100
Democratic hold

Results by borough

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Party Manhattan The Bronx Brooklyn Queens Richmond [Staten Is.] Total %
Robert F. Wagner, Jr. Democratic - Liberal - Fusion 316,203 316,299 494,078 341,212 40,983 1,508,775 69.2%
73.8% 76.6% 75.1% 64.1% 64.7%
Robert Christenberry Republican 112,173 96,726 163,427 191,061 22,381 585,768 26.9%
26.2% 23.4% 24.9% 35.9% 35.3%
subtotal
 428,376 413,025 657,505 532,273 63,364 2,094,543 96.1%
others   85,355 3.9%
T O T A L
   2,179,878

References

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  1. ^ Mayhew, David R. (July 14, 2014). Placing Parties in American Politics: Organization, Electoral Settings, and Government Activity in the Twentieth Century. Princeton University Press. p. 45. ISBN 978-0-691-61056-6.
  2. ^ McNickle, Chris (1993). To be Mayor of New York : Ethnic Politics in the City. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 118. ISBN 978-0-231-07636-4.
  3. ^ a b c McNickle 1993, p. 119.
  4. ^ Knowles, Clayton (July 10, 1957). "LIBERALS SUPPORT MAYOR AND SLATE". New York Times. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
  5. ^ "INDEPENDENTS FILE FOR CITY ELECTIONS". New York Times. September 24, 1957. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
  6. ^ Amper, Richard (June 28, 1957). "Christenberry Named By G.O.P. In Mayoral Race". New York Times. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
  7. ^ "Christenberry's Views". New York Times. June 28, 1956. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
  8. ^ "Text of the Republican Party's City Campaign Principles and Platform". New York Times. August 6, 1957. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
  9. ^ Egan, Leo (August 6, 1957). "CITY CRIME SCORED BY G.O.P. NOMINEE". New York Times. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
  10. ^ Flanagan, Richard M. (December 12, 2014). Robert Wagner and the Rise of New York City's Plebiscitary Mayoralty: The Tamer of the Tammany Tiger. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 39. ISBN 978-1-137-40087-1.
  11. ^ "The NYPR Archive Collections - Vito P. Battista". WNYC. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
  12. ^ "Mayoralty Candidate Named". New York Times. April 14, 1957. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
  13. ^ "SOCIALIST LABORITES GET OWN NAME BACK". New York Times. November 3, 1957. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
  14. ^ "SOCIALIST SLATE FILED". New York Times. September 19, 1957. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
  15. ^ Boone, Barri. "Joyce Maupin, 1921–1998". Marxists Internet Archive. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
  16. ^ Roosevelt, Eleanor. "My Day by Eleanor Roosevelt, July 6, 1957". George Washington University. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
  17. ^ Egan, Leo (October 23, 1957). "President, Here, Endorses Christenberry for Mayor". New York Times. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
  18. ^ Illson, Murray (September 11, 1957). "CITY SAFETY ISSUE BACKED BY NIXON". New York Times. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
  19. ^ Kaplan, Morris (November 2, 1957). "DEWEY ENDORSES G.O.P. CITY TICKET Ex-Governor Comes Out for Ch". New York Times. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
  20. ^ McNickle 1993, p. 120.
  21. ^ Soyer 2021, p. 150.
  22. ^ "New York City Mayoral Election 1957". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 29, 2014.

Works cited

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