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1994 New York gubernatorial election

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The 1994 New York gubernatorial election was an election for the state governorship held on November 8, 1994. Incumbent Democratic governor Mario Cuomo ran for a fourth term, but was defeated by Republican George Pataki in an upset victory. Pataki had previously been described by the New York Daily News as "a little-known Republican state senator."[1] The conservative New York Post attributed the result to how voters "had grown tired of the 12-year incumbent Cuomo and his liberalism."[2]

1994 New York gubernatorial election
← 1990 November 8, 1994 1998 →
 
Nominee George Pataki Mario Cuomo
Party Republican Democratic
Alliance
Parties
 Liberal
Running mate Betsy McCaughey Stan Lundine
Popular vote 2,538,702 2,364,904
Percentage 48.79% 45.45%
County results
Pataki:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% Cuomo:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Governor before election

Mario Cuomo
Democratic

Elected Governor

George Pataki
Republican

Pataki's victory was one of the most notable of the 1994 "Republican Revolution" midterm elections, which also ousted governors in Alabama, New Mexico, and Texas. This is the last time a governor of New York lost re-election. This would be the last gubernatorial race until 2022 that was decided by a single-digit margin.

Democratic primary

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Candidates

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Withdrawn

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  • Roy Innis, National Chairman of CORE and candidate for Mayor of New York City in 1993

Campaign

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Only two candidates announced their intention to challenge incumbent governor Mario Cuomo in the Democratic primary: Lenora Fulani, who had been the 1990 gubernatorial nominee of the New Alliance Party and its 1988 and 1992 presidential nominee; and Roy Innis, the National Chairman of the Congress of Racial Equality. Ultimately, Innis did not submit petitions. Fulani, however, submitted petitions and made it onto the Democratic primary ballot.[4][5] Fulani's bid was generally considered a losing effort with no hope of keeping the nomination away from Cuomo. Cuomo refused to debate her, Fulani made it plain that she wished to draw African-American voters away from the Democratic Party, and no elected officials endorsed Fulani except Adam Clayton Powell IV. Fulani was also far outstripped when it came to fundraising.[5] On September 13, 1994, Cuomo handily defeated Fulani.[6]

Results

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Results by county
  Cuomo
  •   50–60%
  •   60–70%
  •   70–80%
  •   80–90%
Democratic Gubernatorial Primary Results[7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Mario Cuomo (incumbent) 548,762 79.45
Democratic Lenora Fulani 141,918 20.55
Total votes 690,680 100.00

Republican primary

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Candidates

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Withdrawn

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Declined

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Campaign

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Initially, most expected U.S. senator Al D'Amato to be the Republican and Conservative nominee for governor in 1994. D'Amato began what looked like the beginnings of a campaign in September 1993 when he attacked Cuomo's record as governor, claiming that New York had become "the taxasaurus and spendasaurus capital of the nation." However, less than a month later, D'Amato decided not to run; he, correctly, predicted that his party might take control of the U.S. Senate in the 1994 elections, which would make him chairman of the Senate Banking Committee.

After considering other potential candidates, D'Amato—in conjunction with state GOP chairman William Powers—endorsed the candidacy of State Senator George Pataki. Pataki was perceived as a candidate who could garner the support of the party's moderate and conservative factions.[10][11][12] Lewis Lehrman, the 1982 gubernatorial nominee who narrowly lost to Cuomo, publicly flirted with a run, but ultimately didn't mount a candidacy.[13]

Former gubernatorial candidate Herbert London declared his candidacy on October 5, 1993. Running on a platform of tax cuts, reductions in state Medicaid and welfare payments and social conservatism, London was critical of both Cuomo and D'Amato. However, London's social conservatism and poor fundraising caused many party leaders to believe that he had no chance of defeating Cuomo.[14][15]

On January 4, 1994, Evan Galbraith, a businessman from Manhattan and former ambassador to France under the Reagan Administration, decided to explore a potential gubernatorial bid. (Galbraith had also previously been a candidate for governor in 1990, but a court declared him eligible due to residency issues.) He quickly received endorsements from several notable figures, among them Henry Kissinger and William F. Buckley, Jr. Galbraith was considered by some as an alternative to London, holding similar positions but able to appeal to a larger base of voters. Galbraith formally declared his candidacy on April 29; by this time, however, most conservatives had coalesced around either London or Pataki.[16][17]

Pataki formally declared his candidacy on March 14, but had been actively preparing for a campaign since the previous fall with the support of D'Amato and Powers. Senate Majority Leader Ralph Marino refused to support his nomination, angry over Pataki's association with Change – New York which had worked to prevent Marino's reelection. There was also concern over Pataki's position on the abortion issue, with organizations on both sides of the issue not being satisfied with his "middle-ground" approach.[18]

Former U.S. representative Bill Green declared his candidacy on March 18, hoping to become the moderate alternative to Pataki and London. Green claimed that he was conservative on fiscal issues while "sensibly compassionate" on social issues. His bid was badly damaged when Michael Long, Chairman of the Conservative Party, indicated that he did not believe that Green could receive Conservative support.[9]

Former State Party Chairman Richard Rosenbaum declared his candidacy on March 23. His platform was very similar to that of Bill Green but went even further, supporting Medicaid-financed abortions and tighter restrictions on guns. He also managed to create a much larger campaign chest of about $1.2 million. Rosenbaum decided against trying for an automatic ballot spot through the convention process; a Republican of the Rockefeller mold, he did not believe he could attain the required 25% of the vote. Instead, Rosenbaum opted to petition his way onto the ballot.[8][19][20]

J. Patrick Barrett, a businessman from Syracuse who was expected to join the race, dropped out on May 20 when he came to the conclusion that he could not obtain the necessary support at the state convention.[21]

At the Republican convention, Pataki won the overwhelming support of the delegates present. Herbert London, the runner-up, fell short of the 25% showing that he needed to obtain a place on the party's primary ballot.[22]

Republican State Convention Vote[22]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican George Pataki - 72.40
Republican Herbert London 22.10
Republican Evan Galbraith 2.80
Republican Bill Green 2.60
Republican Scattering 0.10
Total votes 100.00

Primary

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London, Galbraith and Green were all initially determined to petition to be on the primary ballot on September 13, but efforts were made to dissuade them from doing so. In return for his support for Pataki, London was nominated for the position of Comptroller. This move allowed Pataki to secure much of London's support within both the Republican and Conservative parties. On May 31, Green withdrew from the race and endorsed Rosenbaum.

On September 13, Pataki defeated Rosenbaum in the Republican primary by a margin of 75.6–24.4%. Rosenbaum endorsed Pataki the next day.[19][22][23]


Results

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Republican Gubernatorial Primary Results[24]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican George Pataki 273,620 75.60
Republican Richard M. Rosenbaum 88,302 24.40
Total votes 361,922 100.00

Conservative primary

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Conservative Gubernatorial Primary Results[25]
Party Candidate Votes %
Conservative George Pataki 17,649 78.40
Conservative Robert G. Relph, Sr. 4,862 21.60
Total votes 22,511 100.00

Independence Party

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Independence candidate:

  • Richard M. Rosenbaum, former Chairman of the Republican Party of New York (Initial Nominee – Withdrew September 14 – Endorsed George Pataki)[26]
  • Tom Golisano, businessman (Nominated – Added to Ballot September 28)[27]

Libertarian Party

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The original Libertarian candidate was New York City radio personality Howard Stern, who announced his candidacy for governor on his nationally syndicated radio show on March 22, 1994. Stern ran on a platform of reinstating the death penalty, letting road crews work only at night, staggering highway tolls to prevent traffic jams, and vowing to resign from office as soon as these goals were accomplished. Stern won the party's nomination by a two-thirds majority on the first ballot at their state convention on April 23, 1994.[28]

Libertarian State Convention Vote[29]
Party Candidate Votes %
Libertarian Howard Stern 287 75.33
Libertarian James Ostrowski 34 8.92
Libertarian Norma Segal 24 6.30
Libertarian Dottie Lou Brokaw 22 5.77
Libertarian Joseph Brennan 10 2.63
Independent Scattering 4 1.05
Total votes 381 100.00

Stern refused to file the financial disclosures required by law of any party seeking to hold public office. He filed suit against the state of New York, arguing that the applicable law violated his right to privacy and freedom of association. When the court denied his petition for an injunction, Stern called a press conference on August 4, 1994, and withdrew from the race.[30] Robert L. Schulz, a political activist from Queensbury, New York, replaced Stern on the statewide ballot. Stern's running mate, Stan Dworkin of Westchester County, remained on the slate as candidate for lieutenant governor.[citation needed]

General campaign

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Though early on in the election Cuomo led by as much as ten points, Pataki was eventually able to tie him due to his difficulty in defending his record. Pataki promised to cut income taxes by 25 percent which appealed to voters in an economic downturn.[citation needed]

One key issue in the election was capital punishment. Cuomo had long been a staunch opponent of the death penalty while Pataki supported it. In the 1980s and early 1990s most New Yorkers supported capital punishment due to high crime rates. Republican ads pointed to the case of Arthur Shawcross, a multiple murderer convicted of manslaughter who was paroled by New York in 1987 and committed additional murders while on release (during the time Cuomo was governor). This revelation caused a significant loss of support for Cuomo.[citation needed]

Polling

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Source Date George
Pataki (R) 		Mario
Cuomo (D) 		Tom
Golisano (IF)
Buffalo News November 6, 1994 38% 42% 5%
Marist Institute November 3, 1994 40% 43% 7%
New York Daily News November 3, 1994 36% 50% 7%
New York Post/FOX-TV November 2, 1994 32% 46% -
Quinnipiac College[31] November 1, 1994 31% 44% 7%
The New York Times October 31, 1994 34% 44% -
New York Daily News/WNBC October 30, 1994 42% 43% -
New York Post/FOX-TV October 30, 1994 40% 36% -
The New York Times/WCBS-TV October 7, 1994 44% 41% -
Quinnipiac College October 2, 1994 38% 42% -
Marist Institute October 2, 1994 44% 38% -
WROC-TV/WIXT-TV September 16, 1994 41% 35% -
New York Post/Buffalo News September 11, 1994 43% 41% -

Results

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While the race was very close overall, Pataki won by running up huge margins outside of New York City. Cuomo won only one county outside of the Five Boroughs, Albany County, while also failing to sweep the Five Boroughs unlike in his previous three successful runs, losing Staten Island.

New York Gubernatorial Election, 1994
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican George Pataki 2,156,057 41.43% +20.08%
Conservative George Pataki 328,605 6.31% −14.09%
Tax Cut Now George Pataki 54,040 1.04% N/A
Total George Pataki 2,538,702 48.79% +27.44%
Democratic Mario Cuomo 2,272,903 43.68% −7.74%
Liberal Mario Cuomo 92,001 1.77% +0.02%
Total Mario Cuomo (incumbent) 2,364,904 45.45% −7.72%
Independence Tom Golisano 217,490 4.18% N/A
Right to Life Robert T. Walsh 67,750 1.30% −2.10%
Libertarian Robert L. Schulz 9,506 0.18% −0.43%
Socialist Workers Lawrence Lane 5,410 0.10% −0.21%
Majority 173,798 3.34% −28.49%
Turnout 5,203,762
Republican gain from Democratic

New York City Results

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New York City Subtotal
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican George Pataki 368,788 24.39%
Conservative George Pataki 42,981 2.84%
Tax Cut Now George Pataki 11,238 0.74%
Total George Pataki 423,007 27.97%
Democratic Mario Cuomo 1,007,747 66.63%
Liberal Mario Cuomo 52,316 3.46%
Total Mario Cuomo (incumbent) 1,060,063 70.09%
Independence Tom Golisano 16,516 1.09%
Right to Life Robert T. Walsh 9,943 0.66%
Libertarian Robert L. Schulz 1,018 0.07%
Socialist Workers Lawrence Lane 1,806 0.12%
Total votes 1,512,353 100%
Breakdown by Borough
Bronx County Subtotal
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican George Pataki 40,401 19.20%
Conservative George Pataki 4,757 2.26%
Tax Cut Now George Pataki 1,656 0.79%
Total George Pataki 46,814 22.25%
Democratic Mario Cuomo 153,477 72.94%
Liberal Mario Cuomo 6,323 3.01%
Total Mario Cuomo (incumbent) 159,800 75.95%
Independence Tom Golisano 1,937 0.92%
Right to Life Robert T. Walsh 1,499 0.71%
Libertarian Robert L. Schulz 117 0.05%
Socialist Workers Lawrence Lane 246 0.12%
Total votes 210,413 100%
Kings County Subtotal
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican George Pataki 100,703 23.91%
Conservative George Pataki 10,945 2.60%
Tax Cut Now George Pataki 3,248 0.77%
Total George Pataki 114,896 27.28%
Democratic Mario Cuomo 285,625 67.81%
Liberal Mario Cuomo 13,510 3.21%
Total Mario Cuomo (incumbent) 299,135 71.02%
Independence Tom Golisano 3,976 0.94%
Right to Life Robert T. Walsh 2,433 0.58%
Libertarian Robert L. Schulz 248 0.06%
Socialist Workers Lawrence Lane 517 0.12%
Total votes 421,205 100%
New York County Subtotal
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican George Pataki 58,775 15.84%
Conservative George Pataki 4,354 1.17%
Tax Cut Now George Pataki 1,906 0.52%
Total George Pataki 65,035 17.53%
Democratic Mario Cuomo 282,299 76.07%
Liberal Mario Cuomo 17,611 4.75%
Total Mario Cuomo (incumbent) 299,910 80.82%
Independence Tom Golisano 3,742 1.01%
Right to Life Robert T. Walsh 1,492 0.40%
Libertarian Robert L. Schulz 349 0.09%
Socialist Workers Lawrence Lane 564 0.15%
Total votes 371,092 100%
Queens County Subtotal
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican George Pataki 123,496 30.76%
Conservative George Pataki 15,060 3.75%
Tax Cut Now George Pataki 3,474 0.86%
Total George Pataki 142,030 35.37%
Democratic Mario Cuomo 237,732 59.21%
Liberal Mario Cuomo 12,564 3.13%
Total Mario Cuomo (incumbent) 250,296 62.34%
Independence Tom Golisano 5,314 1.32%
Right to Life Robert T. Walsh 3,239 0.81%
Libertarian Robert L. Schulz 257 0.06%
Socialist Workers Lawrence Lane 401 0.10%
Total votes 401,537 100%
Richmond County Subtotal
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican George Pataki 45,413 42.01%
Conservative George Pataki 7,865 7.28%
Tax Cut Now George Pataki 954 0.88%
Total George Pataki 54,232 50.17%
Democratic Mario Cuomo 48,614 44.97%
Liberal Mario Cuomo 2,308 2.13%
Total Mario Cuomo (incumbent) 50,922 47.10%
Independence Tom Golisano 1,547 1.43%
Right to Life Robert T. Walsh 1,280 1.19%
Libertarian Robert L. Schulz 47 0.04%
Socialist Workers Lawrence Lane 78 0.07%
Total votes 108,106 100%

Rest of State Results

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Rest of State Subtotal
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican George Pataki 1,787,269 48.42%
Conservative George Pataki 285,624 7.74%
Tax Cut Now George Pataki 42,802 1.16%
Total George Pataki 2,115,695 57.31%
Democratic Mario Cuomo 1,265,156 34.27%
Liberal Mario Cuomo 39,685 1.08%
Total Mario Cuomo (incumbent) 1,304,841 35.35%
Independence Tom Golisano 200,974 5.44%
Right to Life Robert T. Walsh 57,807 1.57%
Libertarian Robert L. Schulz 8,488 0.23%
Socialist Workers Lawrence Lane 3,604 0.10%
Total votes 3,691,409 100%
Breakdown by County
Albany County Subtotal
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican George Pataki 46,008
Conservative George Pataki 7,150
Tax Cut Now George Pataki 1,038
Total George Pataki 54,196
Democratic Mario Cuomo 61,719
Liberal Mario Cuomo 2,027
Total Mario Cuomo (incumbent) 63,746
Independence Tom Golisano 5,490
Right to Life Robert T. Walsh 1,290
Libertarian Robert L. Schulz 498
Socialist Workers Lawrence Lane 244
Total votes 125,464 100%
Allegany County Subtotal
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican George Pataki 9,937
Conservative George Pataki 1,132
Tax Cut Now George Pataki 219
Total George Pataki 11,288
Democratic Mario Cuomo 2,655
Liberal Mario Cuomo 81
Total Mario Cuomo (incumbent) 2,736
Independence Tom Golisano 1,040
Right to Life Robert T. Walsh 310
Libertarian Robert L. Schulz 33
Socialist Workers Lawrence Lane 16
Total votes 15,423 100%
Broome County Subtotal
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican George Pataki 43,387
Conservative George Pataki 3,669
Tax Cut Now George Pataki 872
Total George Pataki 47,928
Democratic Mario Cuomo 21,446
Liberal Mario Cuomo 518
Total Mario Cuomo (incumbent) 21,964
Independence Tom Golisano 6,909
Right to Life Robert T. Walsh 962
Libertarian Robert L. Schulz 140
Socialist Workers Lawrence Lane 69
Total votes 77,972 100%
Cattaraugus County Subtotal
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican George Pataki 16,557
Conservative George Pataki 2,694
Tax Cut Now George Pataki 368
Total George Pataki 19,619
Democratic Mario Cuomo 6,060
Liberal Mario Cuomo 182
Total Mario Cuomo (incumbent) 6,242
Independence Tom Golisano 1,494
Right to Life Robert T. Walsh 638
Libertarian Robert L. Schulz 43
Socialist Workers Lawrence Lane 36
Total votes 28,072 100%
Cayuga County Subtotal
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican George Pataki 15,330
Conservative George Pataki 3,874
Tax Cut Now George Pataki 437
Total George Pataki 19,641
Democratic Mario Cuomo 5,914
Liberal Mario Cuomo 156
Total Mario Cuomo (incumbent) 6,070
Independence Tom Golisano 1,793
Right to Life Robert T. Walsh 497
Libertarian Robert L. Schulz 71
Socialist Workers Lawrence Lane 33
Total votes 28,105 100%
Chautauqua County Subtotal
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican George Pataki 28,229
Conservative George Pataki 3,435
Tax Cut Now George Pataki 671
Total George Pataki 32,335
Democratic Mario Cuomo 12,849
Liberal Mario Cuomo 321
Total Mario Cuomo (incumbent) 13,170
Independence Tom Golisano 1,795
Right to Life Robert T. Walsh 670
Libertarian Robert L. Schulz 94
Socialist Workers Lawrence Lane 43
Total votes 48,107 100%
Chemung County Subtotal
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican George Pataki 18,223
Conservative George Pataki 1,350
Tax Cut Now George Pataki 369
Total George Pataki 19,942
Democratic Mario Cuomo 7,589
Liberal Mario Cuomo 172
Total Mario Cuomo (incumbent) 7,761
Independence Tom Golisano 2,114
Right to Life Robert T. Walsh 553
Libertarian Robert L. Schulz 30
Socialist Workers Lawrence Lane 13
Total votes 30,413 100%
Chenango County Subtotal
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican George Pataki 10,824
Conservative George Pataki 1,678
Tax Cut Now George Pataki 275
Total George Pataki 12,777
Democratic Mario Cuomo 3,104
Liberal Mario Cuomo 112
Total Mario Cuomo (incumbent) 3,216
Independence Tom Golisano 1,065
Right to Life Robert T. Walsh 222
Libertarian Robert L. Schulz 54
Socialist Workers Lawrence Lane 25
Total votes 17,359 100%
Clinton County Subtotal
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican George Pataki 12,435
Conservative George Pataki 1,311
Tax Cut Now George Pataki 291
Total George Pataki 14,037
Democratic Mario Cuomo 8,592
Liberal Mario Cuomo 278
Total Mario Cuomo (incumbent) 8,870
Independence Tom Golisano 1,339
Right to Life Robert T. Walsh 447
Libertarian Robert L. Schulz 66
Socialist Workers Lawrence Lane 45
Total votes 24,804 100%
Columbia County Subtotal
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican George Pataki 12,746
Conservative George Pataki 3,186
Tax Cut Now George Pataki 323
Total George Pataki 16,255
Democratic Mario Cuomo 7,125
Liberal Mario Cuomo 292
Total Mario Cuomo (incumbent) 7,417
Independence Tom Golisano 987
Right to Life Robert T. Walsh 230
Libertarian Robert L. Schulz 78
Socialist Workers Lawrence Lane 29
Total votes 24,996 100%
Cortland County Subtotal
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican George Pataki 9,393
Conservative George Pataki 1,803
Tax Cut Now George Pataki 274
Total George Pataki 11,470
Democratic Mario Cuomo 3,549
Liberal Mario Cuomo 120
Total Mario Cuomo (incumbent) 3,669
Independence Tom Golisano 904
Right to Life Robert T. Walsh 307
Libertarian Robert L. Schulz 63
Socialist Workers Lawrence Lane 25
Total votes 16,438 100%
Delaware County Subtotal
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican George Pataki 11,044
Conservative George Pataki 1,730
Tax Cut Now George Pataki 200
Total George Pataki 12,974
Democratic Mario Cuomo 3,253
Liberal Mario Cuomo 103
Total Mario Cuomo (incumbent) 3,356
Independence Tom Golisano 670
Right to Life Robert T. Walsh 167
Libertarian Robert L. Schulz 31
Socialist Workers Lawrence Lane 21
Total votes 17,219 100%
Dutchess County Subtotal
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican George Pataki 51,127
Conservative George Pataki 6,898
Tax Cut Now George Pataki 1,028
Total George Pataki 59,053
Democratic Mario Cuomo 24,090
Liberal Mario Cuomo 802
Total Mario Cuomo (incumbent) 24,892
Independence Tom Golisano 2,973
Right to Life Robert T. Walsh 1,354
Libertarian Robert L. Schulz 210
Socialist Workers Lawrence Lane 78
Total votes 88,560 100%
Erie County Subtotal
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican George Pataki 150,222
Conservative George Pataki 20,529
Tax Cut Now George Pataki 4,182
Total George Pataki 59,053
Democratic Mario Cuomo 137,678
Liberal Mario Cuomo 4,117
Total Mario Cuomo (incumbent) 24,892
Independence Tom Golisano 15,526
Right to Life Robert T. Walsh 5,536
Libertarian Robert L. Schulz 486
Socialist Workers Lawrence Lane 332
Total votes 338,608 100%

References

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  1. ^ Kenneth Lovett; Larry McShane (January 5, 2015). "Mario Cuomo, former New York governor, dead at 82". New York Daily News.
  2. ^ Carl Campanile; Larry Celona; Leonard Greene (January 1, 2015). "Former New York Gov. Mario Cuomo dead at 82". The New York Post.
  3. ^ "Revealed: How cult-like band exploits voter deception to wield political power in N.Y.C." The New York Daily News. December 10, 2012.
  4. ^ "Moynihan Won't Fight The Petitions Of Sharpton". The New York Times. July 15, 1994.
  5. ^ a b "Tilting at the Same Windmill, but on a Faster Steed". The New York Times. September 11, 1994.
  6. ^ "Pataki Easily Wins the Right to Oppose Cuomo". The New York Times. September 14, 1994.
  7. ^ "Our Campaigns - NY Governor - R Primary Race - Sep 13, 1994".
  8. ^ a b "G.O.P. Leader Will Run For Governor as 'Moderate'". The New York Times. March 23, 1994.
  9. ^ a b "Ex-Rep. Green Announces for Governor". The New York Times. March 19, 1994.
  10. ^ "D'Amato, Raising Funds, Assails Cuomo's Record as Governor". The New York Times. September 28, 1993.
  11. ^ "D'Amato Skips a Race". The New York Times. October 20, 1993.
  12. ^ "Peekskill Legislator to Seek Governor Nomination". The New York Times. November 10, 1993.
  13. ^ Staff (July 29, 1991). "LEHRMAN WEIGHS MAKING ANOTHER RUN FOR GOVERNOR". The Buffalo News. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  14. ^ "Conservative Is Joining G.O.P. Race for Governor". The New York Times. October 5, 1993.
  15. ^ "Candidate Seeks New Armor For Crusade Against Cuomo". The New York Times. January 31, 1994.
  16. ^ "New Gubernatorial Entry Gets Financial Backing". The New York Times. January 5, 1994.
  17. ^ "Galbraith, a Former Envoy, Enters the Gubernatorial Race". The New York Times. April 29, 1994.
  18. ^ "State Senator Pataki Formally Declares Challenge to Cuomo". The New York Times. March 15, 1994.
  19. ^ a b "Republicans and Conservatives Solidify Efforts Against Cuomo". The New York Times. May 26, 1994.
  20. ^ Sack, Kevin (March 20, 1994). "POLITICAL NOTES - Seeking a Nomination Without a Party's Help". The New York Times. New York. Retrieved August 8, 2016.
  21. ^ Sack, Kevin (May 21, 1994). "G.O.P. Race For Governor Is Narrowed". The New York Times. New York. Retrieved August 8, 2016.
  22. ^ a b c "G.O.P. Backs a Legislator to Oppose Cuomo". The New York Times. May 24, 1994.
  23. ^ "Green Dropping Out Of Governor Race; Backing Rosenbaum". The New York Times. Associated Press. June 1, 1994.
  24. ^ "Our Campaigns - NY Governor - D Primary Race - Sep 13, 1994".
  25. ^ "Our Campaigns - NY Governor - C Primary Race - Sep 13, 1994".
  26. ^ "SWIPING AT CUOMO, PATAKI GIVES OUT PLAN ON GOVERNING". The New York Times. September 15, 1994.
  27. ^ "Campaign Trail; Cuomo the Ballplayer Helps Cuomo the Candidate". The New York Times. September 29, 1994.
  28. ^ "Gov. Howard Stern? Some Fail to See Humor". The New York Times. April 3, 1994.
  29. ^ "Our Campaigns - NY Governor - LBT Convention Race - Apr 23, 1994".
  30. ^ "For Stern, It's Balk Radio: He Ends Bid for Governor". The New York Times. August 5, 1994.
  31. ^ "New Poll Gives Cuomo 13-point Lead In New York". Orlando Sentinel.
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