Nguyễn Chí Thanh (1 January 1914 – 6 July 1967)[1][2][3] was a General in the North Vietnamese Vietnam People's Army and former North Vietnamese politician. Nguyễn Chí Thanh was born in Thừa Thiên Province in Central Vietnam to a peasant family. His original name was Nguyễn Văn Vịnh. He joined the Indochinese Communist Party in the mid-1930s and apparently spent most of the Second World War in a French prison. He worked for the Party in Central Vietnam until his rise to the Politburo in 1951. During the First Indochina War Thanh was made a general of the People's Army of Vietnam. From 1965 until his death, he served as the leading strategist and military commander of COSVN, the southern headquarters of communist military and political operations within the Republic of Vietnam. In 1967, he presented plans for what was to become the Tet Offensive to the Politburo, but died shortly after receiving permission to implement his plan.
Nguyễn Chí Thanh | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Nickname(s) | Revolutionary alias, Xuan; Pen name, Truong Son |
| Born | 1 January 1914 Thừa Thiên Huế Province, Annam, French Indochina |
| Died | 6 July 1967 (aged 53) Hanoi, North Vietnam |
| Allegiance | Democratic Republic of Vietnam |
| Service | People's Army of Vietnam |
| Rank | Army General |
| Commands | COSVN |
| Battles / wars | Vietnam War, First Indochina War |
| Awards | Gold Star Order Ho Chi Minh Order Resolution for Victory Order |
Revolutionary cause
editNguyễn Chí Thanh was born on January 1, 1914,[4] in the village of Quảng Điền in Thừa Thiên province. Thanh was son of Nguyễn Hán and Trần Thị Thiển, the sixth of 11 children. He grew up in a middle-class family, and was well educated. At the age of 14, his father died, and his family became poor. Thanh then went to work as a farmer in order to make a living.
In 1937, Nguyễn Chí Thanh joined the Communist Party of Vietnam, Thanh became Party Secretary, in Thừa Thiên. From 1938 to 1943, Nguyễn Chí Thanh was arrested many times by the France colonial authorities. He was sent to the labor camps of Buôn Ma Thuột in Huế. After being released from prison he was sent to attend the National People's Congress in Tân Trào (1945). At the Party Congress in Tân Trào, he was nicknamed Nguyễn Chí Thanh, was elected to the Central Committee of the Communist Party and was appointed Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party to monitor and organize the winning Central Government in the August Revolution.
At the Third National Party Congress in 1960 in Hanoi, Nguyễn Chí Thanh was elected to the Central Committee and was appointed to the Politburo and the Secretariat. In 1961, he was assigned to charge the Agriculture Board of the Party. During the Vietnam War, the Central Committee of the Party he returned to the military. Nguyen Chi Thanh is also a member of the military leadership of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. In 1961, he continuously launched emulation movements in cooperatives, helping to stabilize the development situation in agricultural production in the North. From 1965 to 1967, he was assigned to the South,[5] served as Secretary of the Central Department of South Vietnam, and the Political Commissar of the Liberation Army of the South. This time he took the name of Sáu Vi. When writing newspapers, he often took the pen name Trường Sơn. At the battlefield, he was the tactician of the South Vietnamese Liberation Army with the motto "Hold the enemy belt that hit", this approach uses maneuver to limit the fire's superiority of American troops.
The Vietnamese claim that Nguyễn Chí Thanh died in Hanoi on July 6, 1967, due to a heart attack in Hanoi after a night of heavy drinking after reporting to the Politburo on the situation in the South.[6] The United States claims that Thanh was severely wounded during a B-52 raid on COSVN, evacuated overland to Phnom Penh and then flown to Hanoi where he died of his wounds.[7][8] In the aftermath of Thanh's death the party purged dozens of senior members who held more moderate positions in contrast to the more belligerent stance of Lê Duẩn and his allies. Phạm Hùng, another close ally of Lê Duẩn, was appointed to replace Thanh as head of COSVN.[9]
References
edit- ^ Profile of Nguyễn Chí Thanh
- ^ Lien-Hang T. Nguyen, Hanoi's War: An International History of the War for Peace in Vietnam (University of North Carolina Press, 2012) p88
- ^ James J. Wirtz, The Tet Offensive: Intelligence Failure in War (Cornell University Press, 2017) p62
- ^ Elliott, David W. P. (2007). The Vietnamese War: Revolution and Social Change in the Mekong Delta, 1930-1975. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 9780765606037.
- ^ danviet.vn. "Đại tướng Nguyễn Chí Thanh, ngày cuối cùng ở Hà Nội năm 1967". Báo Dân Việt (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 2018-01-15.
- ^ "Người "nổ súng" chống chủ nghĩa cá nhân - Quân đội nhân dân". archive.is. 2013-10-17. Archived from the original on 2013-10-17. Retrieved 2018-01-15.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Maitland, Terrence; McInerney, Peter (1983). The Vietnam Experience: A Contagion of War. Boston Publishing Company. p. 99. ISBN 0939526050.
- ^ Robbins, James (2010). This Time We Win: Revisiting the Tet Offensive. Encounter Books. p. 75. ISBN 9781594032295.
- ^ Asselin, Pierre (2018). Vietnam's American War A History. Cambridge University Press. pp. 154–5. ISBN 978-1107510500.