This article contains a list of political parties in France.
France has a multi-party political system: one in which the number of competing political parties is sufficiently large as to make it almost inevitable that, in order to participate in the exercise of power, any single party must be prepared to negotiate with one or more others with a view to forming electoral alliances and/or coalition agreements.
The dominant French political parties are also characterised by a noticeable degree of intra-party factionalism, making each of them effectively a coalition in itself.
Up until recently, the government of France had alternated between two rather stable coalitions:
- on the centre-left, one led by the Socialist Party and with minor partners such as The Greens and the Radical Party of the Left.
- on the centre-right, one led by The Republicans (and previously its predecessors, the Union for a Popular Movement, Rally for the Republic) and the Union of Democrats and Independents.
This was the case until the 2017 presidential election, when Emmanuel Macron of the centrist La République En Marche! defeated Marine Le Pen of the far-right National Rally in the second round. This was the first time in which a third party had won the presidency, as well as the first time that neither of the major coalitions had appeared in the second round of a presidential election. This was followed shortly by a significant victory for LREM in the 2017 legislative election, winning a majority of 350 seats. Both the traditional coalitions suffered major defeats.
In the 2022 presidential election, the same scenario repeated, with Emmanuel Macron being again victorious. Both traditional parties (Socialist Party and The Republicans) scored less than 5% each, with Jean-Luc Mélenchon's La France Insoumise emerging as the dominant left-wing party, ranking third in the first round.
The National Rally (previously known as the National Front before a name change in 2018) has also experienced significant successes in other elections. Since 2014, the party has established itself as a major party in France, finishing in first place in the 2014 and 2019 European elections as well as in the 2015 local elections,[1] though the party failed to win government in any regions due to the last-ditch alliance between the centre-left and the centre-right coalitions in Hauts-de-France and Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur.[2]
Elected parties
editMajor nationwide represented parties
edit| Name | Abbr. | Leader | Députés | Senators | MEPs | Presidency of regional councils |
Presidency of departmental councils |
Position | Ideology | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Renaissance | RE | Stéphane Séjourné | 99 / 577
|
13 / 348
|
5 / 81
|
1 / 18
|
2 / 98
|
Centre[3] to centre-right[10] | Liberalism | |
| The Republicans | LR | Eric Ciotti | 47 / 577
|
116 / 348
|
6 / 81
|
3 / 18
|
39 / 98
|
Centre-right to right-wing | Conservatism Liberal conservatism | |
| National Rally | RN | Jordan Bardella | 122 / 577
|
3 / 348
|
30 / 81
|
0 / 18
|
0 / 98
|
Far-right | French nationalism Right-wing populism | |
| Socialist Party | PS | Olivier Faure | 65 / 577
|
63 / 348
|
10 / 81
|
5 / 18
|
27 / 98
|
Centre-left to left-wing | Social democracy Pro-Europeanism | |
| La France Insoumise | LFI | Manuel Bompard | 75 / 577
|
0 / 348
|
9 / 81
|
0 / 18
|
0 / 98
|
Left-wing | Democratic socialism Left-wing populism Soft Euroscepticism | |
Other nationwide represented parties
editRegional parties with national representation
editThis section needs to be updated. (August 2022) |
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Region-only parties
editNon-elected parties
edit| Acronym and Name | National coalition | Leader or Chairman | Political Position |
|---|---|---|---|
| UPR: Popular Republican Union | None | François Asselineau | French nationalism, Hard Euroscepticism |
| CJ: Comités Jeanne | None | Jean-Marie Le Pen | Nationalism, Euroscepticism, souverainism |
| AR: Royal Alliance | None | Pierre Bernard | Monarchism (Orléanism), conservatism, Euroscepticism |
| NAR: New Royalist Action | None | Bertrand Renouvin | Monarchism, conservatism, Euroscepticism, Gaullism |
| RD: Democratic Rally | None | Philippe Cartellier | Monarchism, conservatism, Gaullism, Capetism |
| GE: Ecology Generation | None | Yves Piétrasanta | Green politics, green conservatism, centre-right |
| GR: Revolutionary Left | None | Collective | Marxism, socialism, Trotskyism |
| PCOF: Workers' Communist Party of France | None | Collective | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, Hoxhaism, Anti-revisionism |
| PRCF: Pole of Communist Revival in France | None | Léon Landini | Communism, Marxism-Leninism, Left-wing nationalism |
| OCML-VP: Marxist–Leninist Communist Organization – Proletarian Way | None | Collective | Communism, Marxism-Leninism-Maoism |
| PP: Pirate Party | None | Maxime Rouquet, Guillaume Lecoquierre | Intellectual property reform, protection of privacy and individual liberty |
| LO: Workers' Struggle | None | Nathalie Arthaud, spokeswoman | Trotskyism, internationalism, feminism |
| PL: Libertarian Party | None | Guilhem d'Urbal | Libertarianism |
| PT: Workers' Party | None | Collective | Communism, Trotskyism, Lambertism, Internationalism, Euroscepticism |
| UCL: Libertarian Communist Union | None | Collective | Anarchist Communism, Anarcha-feminism |
| JC: New Jacobin Party | None | Gerald d'Ouvril, acting leader
Maximilien Robespierre, youth leader |
Jacobinism, Republicanism |
| Volt: Volt France | None | Cécile Richard, Adrien Copros | European federalism, Social liberalism, Progressivism, Pro-Europeanism |
| SP: Solidarity and Progress | None | Jacques Cheminade | Euroscepticism, LaRouchism |
| AP: Animalist Party | None | Hélène Thouy | Animal welfare, animal rights |
French Revolution
edit- Jacobin Club (Centre-left to left-wing)
- Girondist (Centre-left)
- Maraisards (Syncretic)
- Montagnards (Radicalism)
- Thermidorian (Centre)
- Cordeliers Club (Left-wing to far-left)
- Feuillants Club
- Enragés (Far-left)
- Monarchiens (Centre to centre-right)
- Club de Clichy (Right-wing)
- Bonapartists (1815)
Historical parties
edit- Bonapartists (1815, 1851–1889)
- Socialist Party of France (1902)
- French Socialist Party (1902)
- French Socialist Party (1919)
- Socialist Party of France – Jean Jaurès Union
- French Section of the Workers International
- Democratic Republican Alliance
- Union of the Democratic Forces (1958–1960)
- French Agrarian and Farmer Party [fr] (PAPF; 1927–1939)
- Agrarian and Social Republican Party [fr] (PRAS; 1936–1940)
- National Popular Rally (RNP; 1941–1945)
- Farmers' Social Union Party [fr] (1945–1951)
- The New Democrats (2020–2022)
Political parties in French overseas possessions
edit- List of political parties in French Guiana
- List of political parties in French Polynesia
- List of political parties in Guadeloupe
- List of political parties in Martinique
- List of political parties in Mayotte
- List of political parties in New Caledonia
- List of political parties in Reunion
- List of political parties in Saint Barthélemy
- List of political parties in the Collectivity of Saint Martin
- List of political parties in Saint-Pierre and Miquelon
- List of political parties in Wallis and Futuna
Historical parties
editSee also
editNotes
edit- ^ part of Hauts-de-France
References
edit- ^ "Elections régionales : le FN vainqueur du premier tour". Le Monde.fr. 6 December 2015.
- ^ "Régionales : le PS se retire en PACA et dans le Nord-Pas-de-Calais-Picardie". 6 December 2015.
- ^ "Will Macron's Centrism Defeat France's Growing Right Wing?". The New Yorker. 14 April 2022.
- ^ Khatsenkova, Sophia (6 June 2024). "EU elections: Everything you need to know about what's at stake in France". Euronews. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
- ^ Brunet, Romain (6 May 2024). "European elections: Ahead of vote, the French badly need to start doing their homework". France24. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
- ^ Yeung, Peter (2 July 2024). "'Macron has failed on housing and health': Why French youth swung to far right". i (newspaper). Retrieved 8 August 2024.
- ^ Farge, Elodie (11 June 2024). "EU elections: French in North Africa opt for the left and its pro-Palestine stance". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
- ^ Ioanes, Ellen (8 July 2024). "France's elections showed a polarized country". Vox. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
- ^ "French pension reform strikes slow before March showdown". Le Monde. 16 February 2023. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
- ^ [4][5][6][7][8][9]
- ^ "France".
- ^ "Territories of Progress, a pro-Macron center-left party" (in French).
- ^ "Emmanuel Macron tente de renouer avec la deuxième gauche". Le Monde.fr. 27 February 2020.
