Hadiqat al-Akhbar (The News Garden in English) is the first daily newspaper of Lebanon which was launched in 1858.[1] From 1858 to 1958 there were nearly 200 newspapers in the country.[2] Prior to 1963 the number of newspapers was more than 400.[3] However, the number reduced to 53 due to the 1963 press law.[3][4]
Censorship of the press in the country occurred during the Ottoman era.[5] It was also frequent in 1976 following the intervention of Syrian military in the Lebanese Civil War on behalf of Maronite Christians.[6] As of 2012, the newspapers were being published in three major languages of Arabic, English and French[7] and there were 12 Arabic dailies.[3]
The following is a list of well-known newspapers published in Lebanon.
Daily newspapers
editAll published in Beirut
In Arabic
edit- An-Nahar
- Ad-Diyar
- Al Akhbar
- Al Binaa
- Al Joumhouria
- Al Liwaa
- Al Amal
- Al Anbaa (defunct)
- Al Anwar (defunct)
- Al Arz (defunct)
- Al Balad (defunct)
- Al Bayrak (defunct)
- Al Ittihad (defunct)
- Al Muharrir (defunct)
- Al-Mustaqbal (defunct)
- Al Nida (defunct)
- As-Safa (defunct)
- As-Safir (defunct)
- El Shark
- Telegraph Beirut (defunct)
- Akhbar SMB
In Armenian
edit- Ararad
- Aztag
- Zartonk
- Ayk (defunct)
- Nida Al-Watan (defunct)
In English
edit- Al Akhbar (suspended)
- Lebanon Daily Star (defunct)
- Ike (defunct)
In French
edit- Al Balad en français (defunct)
- L'Orient-Le Jour[8]
- Syrie (defunct)
- Le Soir (defunct)
- Le Reveil (defunct)
Lebanese non-daily newspapers
editIn Arabic
edit- Al-Intiqad (Beirut)[9]
- Al-Kalima (Zahlé)[10]
- Al-Tamadon (Tripoli)[11]
- Hamzat Wassel (Beirut, Tripoli)[12]
- Lisan al Hal
- Asharara
- Ila-l-Amam (defunct)
In English
edit- Monday Morning (defunct)
Lebanese online news portals (Arabic, French and English )
edit- info3
- The961.com[13]
- Daily beirut
- Alankabout[14]
- Iloubnan.info[15]
- Lebanon24[16]
- Tayyar.org (Disclosure: Owned by the FPM political party)[17]
- Lebanon Debate[18]
- Lebanon Files[19]
- LibanVision[20]
- Lebanonwire
- Naharnet
- NOW Lebanon
- Akhbar SMB موقع شباب الملعب البلدي الأخباري
- Ebaldati[21]
- Almodon[22]
- jadidouna news*
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Marwan M. Kraidy (1999). "State Control of Television News in 1990s Lebanon". Annenberg School for Communication. 76 (3): 485–498. doi:10.1177/107769909907600306. S2CID 144387260.
- ^ Meir Zamir (2000). Lebanon's Quest: The Search for a National Identity, 1926-39. I.B.Tauris. p. 257. ISBN 978-1-86064-553-2.
- ^ a b c "Many voices". The Business Year. 2012. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
- ^ "Top Lebanese Newspapers & News Sites - Newspapers in Lebanon". Newspapers in Lebanon. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
- ^ Donald J. Cioeta (May 1979). "Ottoman Censorship in Lebanon and Syria, 1876-1908". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 10 (2): 167–186. doi:10.1017/s0020743800034759. JSTOR 162125. S2CID 163019820.
- ^ Miriam Cooke (14 August 2007). Dissident Syria: Making Oppositional Arts Official. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-8223-4035-5.
- ^ Paul Doyle (1 March 2012). Lebanon. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-84162-370-2.
- ^ "L'Orient-Le Jour". lorient-lejour.com.lb.
- ^ "موقع العهد الاخباري : الصفحة الرئيسة". alintiqad.com.
- ^ "El-Kalima". el-kalima.com.
- ^ "Untitled Document". attamaddon.com.
- ^ "RU-CENTER". RU-CENTER.
- ^ "The961". The961.com.
- ^ "العنكبوت الالكتروني". alankabout.com.
- ^ "Actualité en direct et informations en continu sur le Liban et le Moyen Orient - iloubnan.info". iloubnan.info.
- ^ "Lebanon 24 - Lebanon news, breaking news - لبنان ٢٤ - أخبار لبنان". lebanon24.com.
- ^ "Tayyar.org - your lebanese news source since 2002". tayyar.org.
- ^ "Lebanon Debate | ليبانون ديبايت | Lebanon News and Breaking news | An independent website". www.lebanondebate.com.
- ^ "LebanonFiles". LebanonFiles.
- ^ "LibanVision, Liban, Portail libanais francophone, Observatoire Plateforme de la francophonie libanaise, Lebanon Proche Orient dans le monde, guide de navigation, index annuaire de recherche sur le web internet réseaux sociaux, actualité de la francophonie, évenements, informations, associations, échanges, coopération, personnalités franco-libanaises Beyrouth, Paris, Moyen-Orient, Middle-East". libanvision.com.
- ^ http://e-baldati.info [dead link]
- ^ "الصفحة الرئيسية". almodon (in Arabic). Retrieved 20 November 2020.