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Nikōnion (Ancient Greek: Νικώνιον; Latin: Niconium) and Nikōnia (Ancient Greek: Νικωνία)[1][2][3] was an ancient Greek city on the east bank of the Dniester estuary. Its ruins are located 300 meters to the northwest of the modern village Roksolany, in the Odesa Raion of the Odesa Oblast, Ukraine.
Νικώνιον / Νικωνία | |
 Coins from Nikōnion bearing the name of Scyles | |
  Shown within Ukraine | |
| Location | Roksolany, Odesa Oblast, Ukraine |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 46°11′0″N 30°26′13″E / 46.18333°N 30.43694°E |
| Type | Settlement |
| Area | 7 ha (17 acres) |
| History | |
| Builder | Settlers from Miletus |
| Founded | Second half of the 6th century BC |
| Abandoned | Middle of the 3rd century AD |
| Periods | Archaic Greek to Roman Imperial |
| Cultures | Greek |
| Site notes | |
| Condition | Ruined and partially submerged |
| Public access | Yes |
History
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Nikōnion was founded in the second half of the 6th century BC by colonists from Miletus.[4] On the opposite bank of the river other Milesian colonists had already founded Tyras. The city was founded at a time when many nomadic tribes were beginning to settle in the areas north of the Black Sea.[5] The Greeks settled in this area because of the plentiful fishing and the opportunity to trade with these barbarian settlers.[6]
Stone construction in the city began in the 5th century. At the turn of the 3rd-2nd centuries BC,[citation needed] the city was destroyed, an event which was associated with the Macedonian commander Zopyrion, associate of Alexander the Great. In the 1st century BC, the size of the city increased from the previous period.[citation needed] Nikōnion was abandoned permanently in the middle of the third century AD when the area was invaded by the Goths during the Great Migrations.[4]
Archaeological excavations
editThe city was located on a plateau which now descends steeply into the Dniestr estuary, which has submerged the lower terrace of the city. The size of the city is estimated to be 7 hectares (17 acres).[4]
According to the findings of excavations in the area, it appears that in the 5th-4th centuries BC, the money in Nikōnion mostly consisted of Histrian coins.[7] It is also possible that Nikōnion itself minted coins, because some of the coins discovered during excavation are unique in appearance and bear the name of the Scythian king Scyles, who had established a protectorate over Nikōnion and other settlements in the area and may have been buried in the city.[8]
References
edit- ^ Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica, §N476.1
- ^ Suda Encyclopedia, §nu.411
- ^ Strabo, Geography, §7.3.16
- ^ a b c Sekerskaya, N. M. (2001). "Nikonion". In Tsetskhladze, Gocha R. (ed.). North Pontic Archaeology: Recent Discoveries and Studies. Colloquia Pontica. Vol. 6. Leiden: Brill. pp. 67–90. ISBN 9789004120419.
- ^ Sinor, Denis (1990). The Cambridge history of early Inner Asia. Cambridge University Press. p. 104. ISBN 978-0-521-24304-9.
- ^ Long, George (1866). The Decline of the Roman Republic. Bell & Daldy. p. 261. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
- ^ American Numismatic Society (1972). Numismatic literature. American Numismatic Society. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
- ^ Метелкин, Н. В. (2006). Сокровища и ненайденые клады Украины (К). Olma Media Group. p. 56. ISBN 978-5-373-00246-2.
Further reading
edit- Ochotnikov, Sergej B. (2006). "The Chorai of the Ancient Cities in the Lower Dniester Area (6th century BC–3rd century AD)". In Bilde, Pia Guldager; Stolba, Vladimir F. (eds.). Surveying the Greek Chora. The Black Sea Region in a Comparative Perspective. Black Sea Studies. Vol. 4. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press. pp. 81–98. ISBN 978-87-7934-2385.
- Mielczarek, Mariusz (2005). Alfaro, Carmen; Marcos, Carmen; Otero, Paloma (eds.). Coinage of Nikonion. Greek bronze cast coins between Istrus and Olbia (PDF). Proceedings of the 13th International Numismatics Congress, Madrid, 2003. pp. 273–276.
- А.Г Загинайло П. О. Карышковский. Монеты cкифского царя Скила [Coins of Scythian King Scylus] // Нумизматические исследования по истории Юго-Восточной Европы: Сборник научых трудов. – Кишинёв: Штиинца, 1990. – С. 3 – 15
- Загинайло А.Г. Литые монеты царя Скила. // Древнее Причерноморье. – Одесса, 1990. – С. 64-71.
External links
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