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North Central Timor Regency

North Central Timor Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara) is a regency in East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. It covers an area of 2,674.02 km2, and had a population of 229,803 at the 2010 Census[2] and 259,829 at the 2020 Census;[3] the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 269,628.[1] Its regency seat is located at the town of Kefamenanu, which had a population of 47,628 in mid 2023. The regency borders Timor Leste's Oecusse enclave, one of few Indonesian regions that have a land border with other countries.[4]

North Central Timor Regency
Regency
Coat of arms of North Central Timor Regency
Coat of arms
Location within East Nusa Tenggara
Location within East Nusa Tenggara
North Central Timor Regency is located in Timor
North Central Timor Regency
North Central Timor Regency
North Central Timor Regency is located in Lesser Sunda Islands
North Central Timor Regency
North Central Timor Regency
North Central Timor Regency (Lesser Sunda Islands)
North Central Timor Regency is located in Indonesia
North Central Timor Regency
North Central Timor Regency
North Central Timor Regency (Indonesia)
Coordinates: 9°26′48″S 124°28′41″E / 9.44667°S 124.47806°E / -9.44667; 124.47806
Country Indonesia
Province East Nusa Tenggara
Regency seatKefamenanu
Government
 • RegentDrs. Juandi David
 • Vice RegentDrs. Eusabius Binsasi
Area
 • Total
1,032.44 sq mi (2,674.02 km2)
Population
 (mid 2023 estimate)
 • Total
269,628
 • Density260/sq mi (100/km2)
 [1]
Area code(+62) 388
HDI (2019)Increase 0.633 (Medium)
Websitettukab.go.id

History

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North Central Timor Regency was de jure formed on 9 August 1958 from three autonomous royal regions (swapraja) but de facto function only began early November 1958 after its first regent was sworn in. Since 1915, the region had been part of Onderafdeeling Noord Miden Timor during Dutch rule; it was composed of the native kingdoms of Miomaffo, Insana, and Biboki. In 1921, the administrative seat was moved from the town of Noeltoko to its current location in Kefemenanu;[5] the move is annually commemorated by the local government since 2005.[6]

In 1942, the Japanese forces occupied the Dutch East Indies. Local government structure changed little under the Japanese, who mostly preserved it to simplify civil administration. In 1946, after the end of the Second World War, during the Malino Conference, the region's local rulers wanted to be included in Lesser Sunda province, together with Bali and West Nusa Tenggara, under the newly formed Indonesian Republic.[7] Local administration was reorganized in 1949 after independence, and formed its own parliament under Timor Regional Law Number 10 of 1949.[7][5] In a parliament session between 10 and 12 May 1950, it voted in favour of disbanding the State of East Indonesia under the United States of Indonesia and forming a unitary Indonesian state, which was realized not long after.[7] Shortly before the creation of the regency, Lesser Sunda province was split into West Nusa Tenggara, Bali, and East Nusa Tenggara provinces.[5]

During the Indonesian occupation of East Timor and the subsequent independence referendum and violence that followed, many civilians from East Timor fled to the regency, causing a huge increase in the population. Many were integrated into the regency's society to the point they constituted 8.1% of the regency's population.[8] The regency was devastated by Cyclone Seroja in early 2021, prompting the relocation of several settlements and buildings by Indonesian government.[9][10]

Geography

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North Central Timor Regency borders South Central Timor Regency in the south, the country of East Timor in the northwest, the coast of the Sawu Sea in the north, Kupang Regency in the west, and Belu Regency in the east. It has a total area of 2,674.02 km2 (1,032.44 sq mi) or 5.6% of the province's area. Most of the regency has slopes below 40 degrees, consisting of 77.4%. Most of the regency is less than 500 meters (1,600 ft) above sea level. Around 74%, 97,948 hectares (378.18 sq mi) of the regency's area is used for plantation and agriculture, and only 20,685 hectares (79.87 sq mi) are used for human settlement.[11]

Most of the regency's soil is litosol and grumusol, and is relatively fertile. The region's climate is classified as semi-arid, which makes large-scale farming challenging due to low precipitation compared to other regions in Indonesia. To solve this, the government of Indonesia has built several new dams in the region to avoid drought and secure access to water for its population.[12][13][11]

The temperature ranges from 22–34 degrees Celsius (71.6–93.2 °F), with air humidity level between 69 and 87% annually. Between June and September, wind comes from Australia, bringing little water vapor to the region, and the dry season begins. The region is prone to drought and harvest failure.[11]

Governance

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Administrative Districts

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The regency is divided into twenty-four districts (kecamatan), tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census[2] and the 2020 Census,[3] together with the official estimates as at mid 2023.[1] The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages in each district (in total, 160 rural desa and 33 urban kelurahan), and its post code.

Kode
Wilayah		 Name of
District
(kecamatan)		 Area
in
km2		 Pop'n
Census
2010		 Pop'n
Census
2020		 Pop'n
Estimate
mid 2023		 Admin
centre		 No.
of
villages		 Post
codes
53.03.02 Miomaffo Barat [14]
(West Miomaffo)		 203.13 14,424 15,337 15,342 Eban 13 (a) 85661
53.03.11 Miomaffo Tengah [15]
(Central Miomaffo)		 75.00 5,251 6,081 6,053 Bijaepasu 6 85660
53.03.12 Musi [16] 82.17 4,070 4,740 5,037 Oeolo 6 85662
53.03.13 Mutis [17] 90.50 6,576 7,150 7,682 Naekake 4 85663
53.03.01 Miomaffo Timur [18]
(East Miomaffo)		 101,45 10,560 12,417 12,904 Nunpene 11 (b) 85654
53.03.04 Noemuti [19] 155.60 10,926 12,743 13,093 Fatumuti 12 (c) 85664
53.03.14 Bikomi Selatan [20]
(South Bikomi)		 48.68 9,786 11,188 10,482 Tublopo 10 (d) 85650
53.03.15 Bikomi Tengah [21]
(Central Bikomi)		 61.50 6,749 7,613 8,245 Oenenu Utara 9 85652
53.03.16 Bikomi Nilulat [22] 82.00 4,298 4,800 5,286 Sunkaen 6 85651
53.03.17 Bikomi Utara [23]
(North Bikomi)		 70.70 5,564 6,252 6,316 Napan 9 85653
53.03.18 Naibenu [24] 88.00 4,958 5,576 5,663 Bakitolas 4 85655
53.03.10 Noemuti Timur [25]
(East Noemuti)		 55.77 3,708 4,270 4,443 Haekto 4 85665
Totals Miomaffo Sector 1,114.50 86,870 98,167 100,546 94
53.03.05 Kota Kefamenanu [26]
(Kefamenanu town)		 74.00 43,058 49,095 47,628 Sasi 9 (e) 85611
- 85617
Totals Kefamenanu Sector 74.00 43,058 49,095 47,628 9
53.03.08 Insana [27] 333.08 18,078 20,996 21,526 Oelolok 17 (f) 85671
53.03.09 Insana Utara [28]
(North Insana)		 53.84 8,697 10,166 10,670 Wini 5 (g) 85674
53.03.20 Insana Barat [29]
(West Insana)		 102.00 8,879 10,660 11,225 Mamsena 12 (h) 85670
53.03.21 Insana Tengah [30]
(Central Insana)		 124.00 9,171 10,491 11,313 Maubesi 7 (i) 85673
53.03.19 Insana Fafinesu [31] 52.88 4,968 5,898 6,163 Loel 6 85672
Totals Insana Sector 665.80 49,793 58,211 60,897 47
53.03.03 Biboki Selatan [32]
(South Biboki)		 164.17 8,667 9,393 8,834 Manufui 8 (j) 85680
53.03.22 Biboki Tanpah [33] 99.95 5,334 5,620 7,395 Oenopu 4 85684
53.03.23 Biboki Moenleu [34] 85.80 7,034 8,021 8,740 Kaubele 7 85681
53.03.06 Biboki Utara [35]
(North Biboki)		 138.70 10,255 11,269 12,667 Lurasik 10 (k) 85683
53.03.07 Biboki Anleu [36] 206.40 14,846 17,128 18,065 Ponu 9 (l) 85613
53.03.24 Biboki Feotleu [37] 124.70 3,946 4,254 4,856 Manumean 5 85682
Totals Biboki Sector 819.72 50,082 55,685 60,557 43
Totals 2,674.02 229,803 259,829 269,628 Kefamenanu 193

Notes: (a) including two kelurahan - Eban and Sallu. (b) including two kelurahan - Bitefa and Oesena.
(c) comprising five kelurahan (Fatumuti, Kiuola, Oenak, Nifuboke and Noemuti) and seven desa. (d) including two kelurahan - Oelami and Tublopo.
(e) all nine are kelurahan (Aplasi, Bansone, Benpasi, Kefamenanu Selatan, Kefamenanu Tengah, Kefamenanu Utara, Maubeli, Sasi and Tubuhue).
(f) comprising five kelurahan (Ainiut, Bitauni, Fatoin, Manunain A and Nunmafo) and twelve desa. (g) including one kelurahan - Humusu C.
(h) including one kelurahan - Atmen. (i) including one kelurahan - Maubesi. (j) including two kelurahan - Supun Up and Faon.
(k) including two kelurahan - Boronubaen and Boronubaen Timur. (l) including one kelurahan - Ponu.

Local government

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Regent office of North Central Timor

North Central Timor Regency is a second-level administrative division equivalent to a city. The regency is headed by a regent, who is democratically elected. The regent directly appoints heads of districts with the recommendation of the regency secretary. Executive power lies with the regent and vice-regent, and legislative function is exercised by the regency's parliament.[38][39][40]

Politics

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North Central Timor Regency, together with Belu Regency and Malaka Regency, which have 8 out of 65 representatives, is part of 7th electoral district in the provincial parliament. The regency's parliament consists of 30 representatives from four electoral districts. The most recent election was held in 2019 and the next is due to be held in 2024.[41]

Electoral district Kecamatan Representatives
1st North Central Timor Bikomi Nilulat, South Bikomi, Naibenu, East Miomaffo, North Bikomi, Central Bikomi, and Kota Kefamenanu Districts 11
2nd North Central Timor Insana, West Insana, Insana Fafinesu, Central Insana, and North Insana Districts 7
3rd North Central Timor Biboki Anleu, Biboki Feotleu, Biboki Moenleu, South Biboki, Biboki Tanpah, and North Biboki Districts 6
4th North Central Timor Central Miomaffo, West Miomaffo, Musi, Mutis, Noemuti, and East Noemuti Districts 6
Total 30

Economy

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The Regency's gross regional product (GRP) is dominated by agriculture, which makes up 39.82% of its economy. The second-biggest sector is administration with 16.77%, followed by construction with 9.55% and education with 7.41%. In 2020, the fastest-growing sector was electricity and gas, with a growth of 18.10%, followed by information and communication with 14.97%; the fastest-declining sector is mining with a decrease of 28.98% in the same year.[42][4] Economic growth was 5.1% in 2019 but later fell to -0.55% because of COVID-19 pandemic.[42] The regency has 32 registered market centers and 80 registered stores. From the scale, there are 123 trading facilities that area considered to facilitate large-scale trading by Indonesian Statistics. There were 62 active cooperatives as of 2020.

Almost all of the regency's restaurants and hotels are located in Kefamenanu. As of 2020, there are 137 registered restaurants, of which 114 or 83% are located in Kefamenanu, and 11 hotels.[4] In 2020, agriculture output included red onions (36 tons), garlic (30.3 tons), red chilli (18.7 tons), cabbages (41.2 tons), mustard greens (235.5 tons), and asparagus (16.9 tons). Other crops were coconuts (555 tons), cashews (913 tons), and candlenuts (1,655 tons) in the same year.[4] The regency's livestock in 2020 includes 129,325 cows for meat consumption and 82,126 pigs. The fish catch was 748.3 tons and aquaculture yielded 162.4 tons of fish.[4]

Demographics

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In the 2020 census, the population of the regency was 259,829, with a sex ratio of 100.53, which means there are roughly 101 males per 100 females within the population. As with most of Indonesia, the regency's population is young and dominated by a workforce above 15 years, consisting of 141,985 of the population. The most populous district is Kefamenanu, which had 49,095 people in mid 2022, around 18.3% of the regency's population; the town is also the economic center for the regency. West Miomaffo District has the lowest male–female sex ratio with 0.95:1, and the highest is Biboki Feotleu with 1.43:1.[4]

In 2020, Catholic Christians comprised 90.13% of the population; 7.47% were Protestant Christians, and the remainder were Muslims, Hindus, and Buddhists.[4] The literacy rate was 95.21% in 2020; male literacy was 96.11% and female literacy was 94.35%. The school participation rate was 98.87%.[43] The same year, the regency's poverty rate of 22.28% was high relative to other regions in Indonesia.[4]

Infrastructure

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Education

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A highschool in Kefamenanu town

Education infrastructure in the regency includes 182 elementary schools, 85 junior highschools, 32 senior highschools, and 19 vocational highschools. There are two higher education institutions;[4] University of Timor is a state-owned public university and one of only two public universities in the province, the other being University of Nusa Cendana in city of Kupang.[44][45] University of Timor's main campus is located in Kefamenanu. Due to its close proximity and the lack of universities in neighbouring East Timor, many East Timorese students studied in the university; there were 6,000 in 2017.[46] The regency has 21 registered kindergartens as of 2020.[4]

Healthcare

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Within the healthcare sector, the regency has three hospitals, 10 polyclinics, 57 puskesmas, and six pharmacies as of 2020. The regency's main public hospital, Kefamenanu Regional Hospital, is owned by the regency government and classified C-class by the Ministry of Health. Leona General Hospital is a private hospital. Kiupukan Hospital, which is owned by Parish of Kiupukan, is significantly smaller than the other two.[4]

Transport

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Wini Integrated Border Post in town of Wini, North Central Timor Regency

North Central Timor Regency has 1,048.40 km (651.45 miles) of roads, out of which 356.71 km (221.65 miles) have been paved with asphalt. Other than that, 276.46 km (171.78 miles) of road have gravel surface, and the rest are either concrete or soil. The regency government owns 848.85 km (527.45 miles) of roads, the rest are owned by either provincial or national government.[4] There is no airport in the regency; the closest airport is located in Atambua, Belu Regency. A plan to build a new airport in the town Wini and build a special economic zone in the region has been mooted.[47] An integrated border post facility (PLBN) is located in Wini, which has immigration facility, quarantine facility, helipad, storage, and a market. Indonesian integrated border posts are intended to be new economic centres and to serve as inter-border trading centres.[48][49][50] A port facility, which is expected to be expanded as part of new special economic zone plan, is also located in Wini.[51] On 2019, it served on average eight freight ships per month.[52]

Religion

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As of 2020, there are 60 mosques and 185 churches in the regency, according to Ministry of Religious Affairs.[4]

References

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  1. ^ a b c Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara Dalam Angka 2024 (sum of returns from District Katalogs as referenced below)
  2. ^ a b Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
  3. ^ a b Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara". timortengahutarakab.bps.go.id. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  5. ^ a b c "Sejarah Kabupaten TTU".
  6. ^ Amalo, Palce (22 September 2019). "Timor Tengah Utara Gelar Napak Tilas Sejarah Kabupaten". mediaindonesia.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  7. ^ a b c "Pengadilan Negeri Kefamenanu". pn-kefamenanu.go.id. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  8. ^ Maing, Skolastika Genapang; Jatmika, Sidik (9 January 2021). "Dinamika Integrasi Lokal Warga Eks Timor Timur di Wilayah Pemukiman Pengungsi Kabupaten Kupang Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur". Indonesian Perspective (in Indonesian). 6 (1). Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta. doi:10.14710/ip.v6i1.37512. ISSN 2548-1436.
  9. ^ Anam, Khoirul. "Risma Cek Dampak Siklon di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara, Ini Arahannya". detiknews (in Indonesian). Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  10. ^ Ndoen, Ferry, ed. (19 May 2021). "Wabup TTU Rapat Virtual Pembahasan Penanganan Korban Bencana Siklon Tropis Seroja Bersama Kemensos". Pos Kupang (in Indonesian). Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  11. ^ a b c "Profil Kabupaten TTU" (PDF).
  12. ^ "Bendungan Temef, Sumber Air Bagi Tiga Kabupaten di Timor". NTT PEMBARUAN (in Indonesian). 28 May 2019. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  13. ^ Rusiana, Dita Angga (23 February 2021). "Resmikan Bendungan, Jokowi: Kunci Kemakmuran NTT Adalah Air". SINDOnews.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  14. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Miomaffo Barat Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5305010)
  15. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Miomaffo Tengah Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5305011)
  16. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Musi Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5305012)
  17. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Mutis Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5305013)
  18. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Miomaffo Timur Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5305020)
  19. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Noemuti Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5305021)
  20. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Bikomi Selatan Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5305022)
  21. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Bikomi Tengah Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5305023)
  22. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Bikomi Nilulat Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5305024)
  23. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Bikomi Utara Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5305025)
  24. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Naibenu Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5305026)
  25. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Noemuti Timur Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5305027)
  26. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Kota Kefamenanu Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5305030)
  27. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Insana Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5305040)
  28. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Insana Utara Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5305041)
  29. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Insana Barat Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5305042)
  30. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Insana Tengah Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5305043)
  31. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Insana Fafinesu Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5305044)
  32. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Biboki Selatan Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5305050)
  33. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Biboki Tanpah Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5305051)
  34. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Biboki Moenleu Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5305052)
  35. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Biboki Utara Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5305060)
  36. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Biboki Anleu Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5305061)
  37. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 26 September 2024, Kecamatan Biboki Feotleu Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5305062)
  38. ^ "PP No. 17 Tahun 2018 tentang Kecamatan [JDIH BPK RI]". peraturan.bpk.go.id. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  39. ^ "UU 22 1999" (PDF).
  40. ^ "Indonesia Regencies". www.statoids.com. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
  41. ^ "Keputusan KPU Nomor 282/PL.01.3-Kpt/06/KPU/IV/2018 tentang Penetapan Daerah Pemilihan dan Alokasi Kursi Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Provinsi dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten/Kota di Wilayah Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur dalam Pemilihan Umum Tahun 2019" (PDF). KPU RI. 4 April 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  42. ^ a b "Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara". timortengahutarakab.bps.go.id. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  43. ^ "Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara". timortengahutarakab.bps.go.id. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  44. ^ "Universitas Timor". SIPP. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  45. ^ "Universitas Timor". campus.quipper.com. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  46. ^ Adrianus, Yohanes (20 January 2017). Ratomo, Unggul Tri (ed.). "6.000 mahasiswa Timor Leste belajar di Universitas Timor". Antara News. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  47. ^ "Pemkab Timor Tengah Utara Ingin Wilayah Wini Jadi Kawasan Eknonomi | Bali Bisnis.com". Bisnis.com. 7 August 2017. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  48. ^ "Pembangunan Pos Lintas Batas Negara (PLBN) & Sarana Penunjang Wini, Kab. Timor Tengah Utara". KPPIP (in Indonesian). Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  49. ^ "CANTIKNYA PLBN WINI DI PULAU TIMOR DENGAN LATAR PEGUNUNGAN". MyTrip (in Indonesian). Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  50. ^ Haryanti, Rosiana (13 July 2020). Alexander, Hilda (ed.). "Pemerintah Garap 4 PLBN Jadi Pusat Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Baru Halaman all". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  51. ^ Salmon, Tarsi (12 August 2020). Abba, Ardy (ed.). "Pelabuhan Wini TTU Diusulkan Jadi Tempat Pengembangan Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus". VoxNtt.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  52. ^ "8 Kapal Barang Masuk ke Pelabuhan Wini NTT Setiap Bulan". beritatrans.com. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
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