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Ontario Highway 49

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King's Highway 49, commonly referred to as Highway 49, is a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario. The 5.8-kilometre (3.6 mi) highway travels across the Quinte Skyway and through the Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory south of Marysville.

Highway 49 marker
Highway 49
Map
A map of Highway 49
  Highway 49   Downloaded segments
  Bypassed pre-1965 route
Route information
Maintained by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario
Length5.8 km[1] (3.6 mi)
History1936–1961[2][3][4]
(York County)
February 1965[5]–present
(Picton–Marysville)
Major junctions
South endQuinte Skyway to Prince Edward County
North endTyendinaga Mohawk Territory north limits
Location
CountryCanada
ProvinceOntario
Highway system
← Highway 48→ Highway 58
Former provincial highways
Highway 50  →

A previous iteration of Highway 49 existed between 1936 and 1961 from Kleinburg west to the York County boundary south of Bolton, which is today known as York Regional Road 49 (Nashville Road). The current Highway 49 was created in 1965 as an internal designation for the proposed route connecting the newly-opened Highway 401 with the skyway over the Bay of Quinte. By 1966, the route was signed south to Picton along what was Highway 41. The skyway opened in 1967, replacing a ferry crossing and completing Highway 49.

The route remained unchanged until the late 1990s, when more than half of the highway was transferred to the jurisdiction of local governments. The Quinte Skyway, as well as the portion through the Mohawk territory were retained in the provincial highway system, resulting in Highway 49 not connecting with any other provincial highway.

Route description

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Highway 49 within the Tyendinaga Territory

Highway 49 is a short highway that connects the county maintained roads that once formed a part of it. The province transferred the majority of the route to Prince Edward County and Hastings County in 1998. However, the Quinte Skyway (constructed in 1967)[6] and the section lying within the Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory remain under provincial jurisdiction. At the southern end of the skyway, the route connects with Prince Edward County Road 49, which continues south to Picton, as well as County Road 15 and County Road 35. At the northern end of the skyway, the highway intersects the former Highway 2, which travels east to the town of Deseronto. From there it travels north to the northern edge of the Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory,[7][8] after which it becomes Tyendinaga Township Road 2 for approximately 2.1 kilometres (1.3 mi) to the Highway 401 interchange.[1]

History

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Two roads have borne the designation of Highway 49 within Ontario. The first existed between 1936 and 1972 in York County. The second was designated in 1965, and exists to this day.

1936–1961

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Prior to the present Highway 49 being assumed by the Department of Highways (DHO), predecessor to the modern Ministry of Transportation (MTO), a previous route in York County, now the Regional Municipality of York, was designated as Highway 49. The original Highway 49 travelled along present-day York Regional Road 49 (Nashville Road) between Highway 50 and Kleinburg. It was assumed by the DHO on August 5, 1936, at a distance of 5.6 km (3.5 mi);[2] it was already paved.[9] The route remained as-is for 25 years before being transferred back to York County at some point in 1961.[3][4]

1965–present

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The current iteration of Highway 49 was created in February 1965, when the southern, discontinuous section of Highway 41 north of Picton was renumbered.[5] Prior to this, Highway 41 had two separate sections: one which ran north from Highway 2 at Napanee, and another that travelled north from Picton alongside the Bay of Quinte. The latter portion followed the present-day Prince Edward County Road 49 as far as Roblin Mills, where it curved to follow County Road 35. This road was known as the Lower High Shore Road; there was no road directly north from Roblin Mills until the 1960s. Highway 41 passed through Mount Carmel before ending at Cole's Wharf, where a ferry crossed to Huff's Wharf. The length of this section was 17.6 km (10.9 mi).[10][11]

 
Highway 49 descending the Quinte Skyway

In preparation for the construction of the Quinte Skyway, the DHO took over 1.3 km (0.81 mi) of Marysville Road from the intersection of Highway 2 and Highway 502 (Belleville Road) to the soon-to-be completed Highway 401 interchange on June 26, 1963.[12] Construction of the Quinte Skyway began with the awarding of a contract in November 1964.[13] The DHO had planned to begin work in September 1962, but funding was unavailable.[14][15] Severe winter weather prevented work from proceeding until the spring of 1965.[13][16] Construction proceeded simultaneously on realigning the highway south to Picton, bypassing several portions and building a new road north from Roblin Mills in the process.[16] An inland bypass was built around the Essroc cement plant, which opened in 1958.[17] Old sections of the highway are now known as White Chapel Road and Lower High Shore Road.[8][10] The Quinte Skyway and realigned Highway 49 were both completed in September 1967,[16] with premier John Robarts opening the bridge during a motorcade on September 6.[18]

Highway 49 remained unchanged for 30 years, until the late 1990s. As part of a series of budget cuts initiated by premier Mike Harris under his Common Sense Revolution platform in 1995, numerous highways deemed to no longer be of significance to the provincial network were decommissioned and responsibility for the routes transferred to a lower level of government, a process referred to as downloading. On January 1, 1998, the entire route of Highway 49 was downloaded to Hastings County and Prince Edward County.[19] Hastings County, which does not maintain roads or bridges, in turn transferred its section to Tyendinaga Township and the Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory.[citation needed] The territory was unable to afford maintenance of the highly-travelled route, forcing the MTO to retain ownership of the highway within the territory.[1]

Major intersections

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The following table lists the major junctions along Highway 49, as noted by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario.[1] 

DivisionLocationkm[1]miDestinationsNotes
Picton−20.2−12.6  Highway 33 (Loyalist Parkway)Decommissioned January 1, 1998;[19] now Prince Edward County Road 49
Prince Edward County0.00.0  County Road 15Southern end of Quinte Skyway
HastingsTyendinaga Mohawk Territory1.00.62  County Road 16 – DeserontoNorthern end of Quinte Skyway; southern end of Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory
2.41.5Dundas Street – Deseronto
York Street		Southern end of former Highway 2 concurrency
5.83.6Tyendinaga Township Road L31Northern end of Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory; end of Highway 49
Tyendinaga6.94.3Old Highway 2 (west)
Belleville Road (east)		Northern end of former Highway 2 concurrency; section decommissioned January 1, 1998;[19] now Hastings County Road 15. Community of Marysville. Belleville Road is former Highway 502.
7.94.9  Highway 401 – Toronto, KingstonSection decommissioned January 1, 1998;[19] now Hastings County Road 15
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
  •       Closed/former

References

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  1. ^ a b c d Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (2016). "Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) counts". Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Appendix No. 4 - Schedule of Assumptions and Reversions". Annual Report (Report). Department of Highways. March 31, 1937. p. 51.
  3. ^ a b Ontario Road Map (Map). Cartography by C.P. Robins. Department of Highways. 1961. § R38.
  4. ^ a b Ontario Road Map (Map). Cartography by C.P. Robins. Department of Highways. 1962. § R38.
  5. ^ a b A.A.D.T. Traffic Volumes 1955–1969 And Traffic Collision Data 1967–1969. Ontario Department of Highways. 1970. p. 118.
  6. ^ "Study Overview". Hwy 49 Bay of Quinte Skyway Bridge Rehabilitation. Archived from the original on July 14, 2018. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
  7. ^ Ontario Back Road Atlas (Map). Cartography by MapArt. Peter Heiler. 2010. pp. 14, 20–21, 27. §§ D–E51. ISBN 978-1-55198-226-7.
  8. ^ a b "Highway 49 - Length and Route" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
  9. ^ Ontario Road Map (Map). Cartography by D. Barclay. Department of Highways. 1936–37. § L8.
  10. ^ a b Glenora, Ontario. Map Sheet 031C03A, ed. 1 (Map). 1:25,000. Cartography by Surveys and Mapping Branch. Department of Energy, Mines and Resources. 1963. Retrieved January 27, 2021 – via Scholars GeoPortal.
  11. ^ Ontario Road Map (Map). Cartography by C.P. Robins. Department of Highways. 1959. § R38.
  12. ^ "Appendix No. 3A - Schedule of Assumptions of Sections". Annual Report (Report). Department of Highways. March 31, 1964. p. 271.
  13. ^ a b Department of Highways (January 28, 1965). "Annual Report". p. 128. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
  14. ^ "Here in Ontario". The Windsor Star. January 30, 1962. p. 6. Retrieved January 28, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  15. ^ "New Projects". National Post. February 17, 1962. p. 35. Retrieved January 28, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  16. ^ a b c "Quinte Skyway to Shorten Route". The Ottawa Citizen. April 13, 1965. p. 18. Retrieved January 28, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  17. ^ "Essroc – Picton, Ontario". Construction Today. November 28, 2011. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
  18. ^ "Skyway Kickoff". The Windsor Star. September 8, 1967. p. 4. Retrieved January 28, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  19. ^ a b c d Highway Transfers List - "Who Does What" (Report). Ministry of Transportation of Ontario. June 20, 2001. pp. 6, 13.
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