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L'Oceanogràfic

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L'Oceanogràfic (Valencian: [loseˌanoˈɣɾafik], Spanish: El Oceanográfico [el oˌθeanoˈɣɾafiko], 'The Oceanographic') is an oceanarium situated in the Garden of the Turia to the southeast of the city center of Valencia, Spain, where different marine habitats are represented. It was designed by the architect Félix Candela and the structural engineers Alberto Domingo and Carlos Lázaro. It is integrated inside the cultural complex known as the Ciutat de les Arts i de les Ciències (City of Arts and Sciences). It was opened on 14 February 2003.

L'Oceanogràfic
Entrance to the marine complex
Map
39°27′10″N 0°20′53″W / 39.45279°N 0.34812°W / 39.45279; -0.34812
Date opened14 February 2003
LocationValencia, Spain
Land area110,000 square metres (1,200,000 sq ft)[1]
No. of animals45,000
No. of species500
Volume of largest tank7,000,000 litres (1,800,000 US gal)
Total volume of tanks42,000,000 litres (11,000,000 US gal)[1]
OwnerAvanqua Oceanogràfic SL
Websitewww.cac.es/en/oceanografic/

General information

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The underwater restaurant

The Oceanographic is the largest complex of its type in Europe, spanning 110,000 square metres (1,200,000 sq ft) and holding a capacity of 42,000,000 litres (11,000,000 US gal) of water,[1] including a 26,000,000-litre (6,900,000 US gal) dolphinarium and a 7,000,000-litre (1,800,000 US gal) ocean tank with sharks, rays and other fish.[1] It is home to 45,000 animals from 500 different species—including sharks, penguins, dolphins, sea lions, walruses (until 2019), beluga whales, birds, reptiles and invertebrate—all inhabiting nine two-tiered underwater towers representing the Earth's major ecosystems. The aquariums utilize sea water pumped from the La Malva-Rosa beach.

The park is divided into ten areas: the marine areas are arranged into Mediterranean habitats, the Arctic Ocean, Arctic islands, the tropics, the temperate seas and the Red Sea. The park also includes a dolphinarium, an area of mangrove swamps and marshland, and a garden with more than 80 different species of plants.

Design and operation

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Candela's thin-shell roofs at L'Oceanogràfic (2019)

The steel-fiber reinforced concrete thin-shell structure was designed by renown architect Félix Candela, at age 87 in 1997, and structural engineers Alberto Domingo and Carlos Lázaro.[2][3] The distinctive hyperbolic parabola (hypars) shape of the roof is reminiscent of the Los Manantiales Restaurant in Mexico City, which Candela designed in 1958.[4]

Transportation

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L'Oceanogràfic can be reached via Metro, disembark at Alameda Station or through bus number 15, 25 and 95. It is also served by Metrovalencia Line 10 tram from its Oceanogràfic stop.

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d L'Oceanogràfic: Know. Retrieved 24 December 2013
  2. ^ "L'Oceanogràfic - Restaurant". structurae.net. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  3. ^ "L'Oceanogràfic - Access Building". structurae.net. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  4. ^ Miller, Michelle (April 14, 2014). "AD Classics: Los Manantiales / Felix Candela". archdaily.com. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
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