The Uqba ibn Nafi Brigade (Arabic: لواء عقبة بن نافع, romanized: Liwāʼ ʻUqbah ibn Nāfiʻ), also known as Katibat Uqba Bin Nafi, is a Tunisian Salafi jihadist organization named after Uqba ibn Nafi,[1] it was established in 2012 in order to create a Tunisian jihadist group linked to Al-Qaeda In the Maghreb and later, the Islamic State.[2]
| Uqba ibn Nafi Brigade | |
|---|---|
| لواء عقبة بن نافع | |
 | |
| Foundation | Mid-2012 |
| Dates of operation | 2012-Present |
| Split from | Al-Qaeda in the Maghreb (Pro-IS split) |
| Allegiance |
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| Ideology | |
| Status | Active |
| Allies |
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| Opponents |
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History
editAfter its creation in 2012, the group mainly attacked areas of small Tunisian forces in mountainous regions along the Algerian-Tunisian border, particularly in the Kasserine Governorate, including Djebel Chaambi, Djebel Sammama, Djebel Selloum, and Djebel Mghilla.[3][4] The group conducted numerous high-profile attacks against Tunisian security forces, resulting in approximately 60 deaths since late 2012.[5] Key incidents include the 2015 Bardo National Museum attack, which led to the deaths of 21 foreign nationals and a single Tunisian.[5] While Jund al-Khilafah claimed responsibility, Tunisian authorities later linked the brigade as being behind the attack.[6][5] In retaliation, Tunisian security forces carried out an operation against the group, killing nine militants, including Lokmane Abou Sakhr - organizer of the museum attack.[5]
The Tunisian National Guard dealt further blows to the group on April 30, 2017, with the killing of commander Abu Sufyan al-Soufi. Brigade attacks have still persisted however, evidenced with the landmine attacks in December of that year, which caused the death of a single soldier and the wounding of six more. This is due to the organization's robust organizational structure that allows members to replace fallen commanders and ensuring continued operations.[7]
The group faced a lot of in-fighting after the declaration of a caliphate by the Islamic State and the exaggerations said by the Islamic State about the Islamic States' military campaigns,[8] so in 2014, a branch of the militant group, led by Abu Sahkr, split from Al-Qaeda and pledged allegiance to the Islamic State, and the branch loyal to the Islamic State joined the Islamic States' Greater Sahara Province.[9]
Islamic State controlled Uqba ibn Nafi Brigade
editAfter the branch led by Abu Sahkr joined, and pledged their allegiance to the Islamic State, the newly formed Ifriqiya Media released a statement on behalf of the organization, stating: "The mujahidin brothers in KUBN from the land of al-Qayrawan show support, help, and aid for the Islamic Caliphate State…give victory to the Islamic State, raise its banner and unite the ranks of the mujahideen in every place", which didn't fully represent the whole group, as the statement was in hopes that the rest of the organization would pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi and to agitate the organization.[10]
After pledging allegiance to the Islamic State, a year later, 90% of the Uqba Ibn Nafi Brigade's soldiers were killed, according to the Tunisian Interior Minister at the time, Najem Gharselli.[11]
References
edit- ^ Cody, Edward (2013-06-16). "Tunisia faces political struggle over Islam". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2023-06-25.
- ^ Zelin, Aaron Y.; Gartenstein-Ross, Daveed; Lebovich, Andrew (July 23, 2013). "Al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb's Tunisia Strategy". The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. Retrieved 2023-06-24.
- ^ "Tunisia: Increased security likely following armed clashes between soldiers and suspected militants on Djebel Selloum, Kasserine Governorate, Sept. 2". Retrieved 2024-05-18.
- ^ Cruickshank, Paul (2015-03-18). "In Tunisia, terror attack undercuts Arab Spring's best prospect". CNN. Retrieved 2023-06-25.
- ^ a b c d "Tunisian forces kill nine militants ahead of anti-terror march". France 24. 2015-03-29. Retrieved 2024-06-14.
- ^ "Incident Summary for GTDID: 201503180017". www.start.umd.edu. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
- ^ "مركز المستقبل - Implications of Ongoing Security Operations for Oqba Ibn Nafaa Brigade". Futureuae (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-06-14.
- ^ Gartenstein-Ross, Daveed; Barr, Nathaniel; Moreng, Bridget (2016). "The Islamic State's Global Propaganda Strategy". International Centre for Counter-Terrorism. 1 (1): 65–78. doi:10.19165/2016.1.01. S2CID 4948707.
- ^ Githens-Mazer, Jonathan (2016). "5". Jihadism Transformed: Al-Qaeda and Islamic State's Global Battle of Ideas. Oxford University. pp. 69–88. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190650292.003.0005. Retrieved June 24, 2023.
- ^ Zelin, Aaron Y. (2019). "Not Gonna Be Able To Do It: al-Qaeda in Tunisia's Inability to Take Advantage of the Islamic State's Setbacks". Perspectives on Terrorism. 13 (1): 62–76. ISSN 2334-3745. JSTOR 26590509.
- ^ Amara, Tarek (2015-07-13). "Tunisia says almost wipes out al Qaeda group after attacks". Reuters. Retrieved 2023-06-25.